Radiator Manifold Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2022-2028

August 2022 | 78 pages | ID: RF01B03EEBD0EN
Market Monitor Global

Abstracts

This report contains market size and forecasts of Radiator Manifold in global, including the following market information:

Global Radiator Manifold Market Revenue, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, ($ millions)

Global Radiator Manifold Market Sales, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, (K Units)

Global top five Radiator Manifold companies in 2021 (%)

The global Radiator Manifold market was valued at million in 2021 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2028, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period 2022-2028.

The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2021, While China is Forecast to Reach $ Million by 2028.

Wall Mount Segment to Reach $ Million by 2028, with a % CAGR in next six years.

The global key manufacturers of Radiator Manifold include Emmeti, Maincor, Uponor, ATRIA Europe, Purmo Group, Watts Water Technologies, LK Systems and Strasshofer, etc. In 2021, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.

MARKET MONITOR GLOBAL, INC (MMG) has surveyed the Radiator Manifold manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.

Total Market by Segment:

Global Radiator Manifold Market, by Type, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global Radiator Manifold Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2021 (%)

• Wall Mount
• Underground

Global Radiator Manifold Market, by Application, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global Radiator Manifold Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2021 (%)

• Residential
• Commercial

Global Radiator Manifold Market, By Region and Country, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global Radiator Manifold Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2021 (%)

• North America
• US
• Canada
• Mexico
• Europe
• Germany
• France
• U.K.
• Italy
• Russia
• Nordic Countries
• Benelux
• Rest of Europe
• Asia
• China
• Japan
• South Korea
• Southeast Asia
• India
• Rest of Asia
• South America
• Brazil
• Argentina
• Rest of South America
• Middle East & Africa
• Turkey
• Israel
• Saudi Arabia
• UAE
• Rest of Middle East & Africa

Competitor Analysis

The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:

Key companies Radiator Manifold revenues in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), ($ millions)

Key companies Radiator Manifold revenues share in global market, 2021 (%)

Key companies Radiator Manifold sales in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), (K Units)

Key companies Radiator Manifold sales share in global market, 2021 (%)

Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:

• Emmeti
• Maincor
• Uponor
• ATRIA Europe
• Purmo Group
• Watts Water Technologies
• LK Systems
• Strasshofer

Contents

1 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH & ANALYSIS REPORTS

1.1 Radiator Manifold Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
  1.2.1 Market by Type
  1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Radiator Manifold Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
  1.5.1 Research Methodology
  1.5.2 Research Process
  1.5.3 Base Year
  1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats

2 GLOBAL RADIATOR MANIFOLD OVERALL MARKET SIZE

2.1 Global Radiator Manifold Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global Radiator Manifold Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Global Radiator Manifold Sales: 2017-2028

3 COMPANY LANDSCAPE

3.1 Top Radiator Manifold Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Radiator Manifold Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Radiator Manifold Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Radiator Manifold Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Radiator Manifold Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Radiator Manifold Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.7 Global Manufacturers Radiator Manifold Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Radiator Manifold Players in Global Market
  3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Radiator Manifold Companies
  3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Radiator Manifold Companies

4 SIGHTS BY PRODUCT

4.1 Overview
  4.1.1 By Type - Global Radiator Manifold Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2028
  4.1.2 Wall Mount
  4.1.3 Underground
4.2 By Type - Global Radiator Manifold Revenue & Forecasts
  4.2.1 By Type - Global Radiator Manifold Revenue, 2017-2022
  4.2.2 By Type - Global Radiator Manifold Revenue, 2023-2028
  4.2.3 By Type - Global Radiator Manifold Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
4.3 By Type - Global Radiator Manifold Sales & Forecasts
  4.3.1 By Type - Global Radiator Manifold Sales, 2017-2022
  4.3.2 By Type - Global Radiator Manifold Sales, 2023-2028
  4.3.3 By Type - Global Radiator Manifold Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
4.4 By Type - Global Radiator Manifold Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

5 SIGHTS BY APPLICATION

5.1 Overview
  5.1.1 By Application - Global Radiator Manifold Market Size, 2021 & 2028
  5.1.2 Residential
  5.1.3 Commercial
5.2 By Application - Global Radiator Manifold Revenue & Forecasts
  5.2.1 By Application - Global Radiator Manifold Revenue, 2017-2022
  5.2.2 By Application - Global Radiator Manifold Revenue, 2023-2028
  5.2.3 By Application - Global Radiator Manifold Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
5.3 By Application - Global Radiator Manifold Sales & Forecasts
  5.3.1 By Application - Global Radiator Manifold Sales, 2017-2022
  5.3.2 By Application - Global Radiator Manifold Sales, 2023-2028
  5.3.3 By Application - Global Radiator Manifold Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
5.4 By Application - Global Radiator Manifold Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

6 SIGHTS BY REGION

6.1 By Region - Global Radiator Manifold Market Size, 2021 & 2028
6.2 By Region - Global Radiator Manifold Revenue & Forecasts
  6.2.1 By Region - Global Radiator Manifold Revenue, 2017-2022
  6.2.2 By Region - Global Radiator Manifold Revenue, 2023-2028
  6.2.3 By Region - Global Radiator Manifold Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6.3 By Region - Global Radiator Manifold Sales & Forecasts
  6.3.1 By Region - Global Radiator Manifold Sales, 2017-2022
  6.3.2 By Region - Global Radiator Manifold Sales, 2023-2028
  6.3.3 By Region - Global Radiator Manifold Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
6.4 North America
  6.4.1 By Country - North America Radiator Manifold Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.4.2 By Country - North America Radiator Manifold Sales, 2017-2028
  6.4.3 US Radiator Manifold Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.4 Canada Radiator Manifold Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.5 Mexico Radiator Manifold Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5 Europe
  6.5.1 By Country - Europe Radiator Manifold Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.5.2 By Country - Europe Radiator Manifold Sales, 2017-2028
  6.5.3 Germany Radiator Manifold Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.4 France Radiator Manifold Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.5 U.K. Radiator Manifold Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.6 Italy Radiator Manifold Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.7 Russia Radiator Manifold Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.8 Nordic Countries Radiator Manifold Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.9 Benelux Radiator Manifold Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6 Asia
  6.6.1 By Region - Asia Radiator Manifold Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.6.2 By Region - Asia Radiator Manifold Sales, 2017-2028
  6.6.3 China Radiator Manifold Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.4 Japan Radiator Manifold Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.5 South Korea Radiator Manifold Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.6 Southeast Asia Radiator Manifold Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.7 India Radiator Manifold Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7 South America
  6.7.1 By Country - South America Radiator Manifold Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.7.2 By Country - South America Radiator Manifold Sales, 2017-2028
  6.7.3 Brazil Radiator Manifold Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.7.4 Argentina Radiator Manifold Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8 Middle East & Africa
  6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Radiator Manifold Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Radiator Manifold Sales, 2017-2028
  6.8.3 Turkey Radiator Manifold Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.4 Israel Radiator Manifold Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Radiator Manifold Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.6 UAE Radiator Manifold Market Size, 2017-2028

7 MANUFACTURERS & BRANDS PROFILES

7.1 Emmeti
  7.1.1 Emmeti Corporate Summary
  7.1.2 Emmeti Business Overview
  7.1.3 Emmeti Radiator Manifold Major Product Offerings
  7.1.4 Emmeti Radiator Manifold Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.1.5 Emmeti Key News
7.2 Maincor
  7.2.1 Maincor Corporate Summary
  7.2.2 Maincor Business Overview
  7.2.3 Maincor Radiator Manifold Major Product Offerings
  7.2.4 Maincor Radiator Manifold Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.2.5 Maincor Key News
7.3 Uponor
  7.3.1 Uponor Corporate Summary
  7.3.2 Uponor Business Overview
  7.3.3 Uponor Radiator Manifold Major Product Offerings
  7.3.4 Uponor Radiator Manifold Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.3.5 Uponor Key News
7.4 ATRIA Europe
  7.4.1 ATRIA Europe Corporate Summary
  7.4.2 ATRIA Europe Business Overview
  7.4.3 ATRIA Europe Radiator Manifold Major Product Offerings
  7.4.4 ATRIA Europe Radiator Manifold Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.4.5 ATRIA Europe Key News
7.5 Purmo Group
  7.5.1 Purmo Group Corporate Summary
  7.5.2 Purmo Group Business Overview
  7.5.3 Purmo Group Radiator Manifold Major Product Offerings
  7.5.4 Purmo Group Radiator Manifold Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.5.5 Purmo Group Key News
7.6 Watts Water Technologies
  7.6.1 Watts Water Technologies Corporate Summary
  7.6.2 Watts Water Technologies Business Overview
  7.6.3 Watts Water Technologies Radiator Manifold Major Product Offerings
  7.6.4 Watts Water Technologies Radiator Manifold Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.6.5 Watts Water Technologies Key News
7.7 LK Systems
  7.7.1 LK Systems Corporate Summary
  7.7.2 LK Systems Business Overview
  7.7.3 LK Systems Radiator Manifold Major Product Offerings
  7.7.4 LK Systems Radiator Manifold Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.7.5 LK Systems Key News
7.8 Strasshofer
  7.8.1 Strasshofer Corporate Summary
  7.8.2 Strasshofer Business Overview
  7.8.3 Strasshofer Radiator Manifold Major Product Offerings
  7.8.4 Strasshofer Radiator Manifold Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.8.5 Strasshofer Key News

8 GLOBAL RADIATOR MANIFOLD PRODUCTION CAPACITY, ANALYSIS

8.1 Global Radiator Manifold Production Capacity, 2017-2028
8.2 Radiator Manifold Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Radiator Manifold Production by Region

9 KEY MARKET TRENDS, OPPORTUNITY, DRIVERS AND RESTRAINTS

9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints

10 RADIATOR MANIFOLD SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS

10.1 Radiator Manifold Industry Value Chain
10.2 Radiator Manifold Upstream Market
10.3 Radiator Manifold Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
  10.4.1 Marketing Channels
  10.4.2 Radiator Manifold Distributors and Sales Agents in Global

11 CONCLUSION

12 APPENDIX

12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Key Players of Radiator Manifold in Global Market
Table 2. Top Radiator Manifold Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 3. Global Radiator Manifold Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 4. Global Radiator Manifold Revenue Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 5. Global Radiator Manifold Sales by Companies, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 6. Global Radiator Manifold Sales Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Radiator Manifold Price (2017-2022) & (US$/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Radiator Manifold Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Radiator Manifold Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Radiator Manifold Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type – Global Radiator Manifold Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 12. By Type - Global Radiator Manifold Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 13. By Type - Global Radiator Manifold Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 14. By Type - Global Radiator Manifold Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 15. By Type - Global Radiator Manifold Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 16. By Application – Global Radiator Manifold Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 17. By Application - Global Radiator Manifold Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 18. By Application - Global Radiator Manifold Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 19. By Application - Global Radiator Manifold Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 20. By Application - Global Radiator Manifold Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 21. By Region – Global Radiator Manifold Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 VS 2028
Table 22. By Region - Global Radiator Manifold Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 23. By Region - Global Radiator Manifold Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 24. By Region - Global Radiator Manifold Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 25. By Region - Global Radiator Manifold Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 26. By Country - North America Radiator Manifold Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 27. By Country - North America Radiator Manifold Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 28. By Country - North America Radiator Manifold Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 29. By Country - North America Radiator Manifold Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 30. By Country - Europe Radiator Manifold Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 31. By Country - Europe Radiator Manifold Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 32. By Country - Europe Radiator Manifold Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 33. By Country - Europe Radiator Manifold Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 34. By Region - Asia Radiator Manifold Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 35. By Region - Asia Radiator Manifold Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 36. By Region - Asia Radiator Manifold Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 37. By Region - Asia Radiator Manifold Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 38. By Country - South America Radiator Manifold Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 39. By Country - South America Radiator Manifold Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 40. By Country - South America Radiator Manifold Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 41. By Country - South America Radiator Manifold Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Radiator Manifold Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Radiator Manifold Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Radiator Manifold Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Radiator Manifold Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 46. Emmeti Corporate Summary
Table 47. Emmeti Radiator Manifold Product Offerings
Table 48. Emmeti Radiator Manifold Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 49. Maincor Corporate Summary
Table 50. Maincor Radiator Manifold Product Offerings
Table 51. Maincor Radiator Manifold Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 52. Uponor Corporate Summary
Table 53. Uponor Radiator Manifold Product Offerings
Table 54. Uponor Radiator Manifold Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 55. ATRIA Europe Corporate Summary
Table 56. ATRIA Europe Radiator Manifold Product Offerings
Table 57. ATRIA Europe Radiator Manifold Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 58. Purmo Group Corporate Summary
Table 59. Purmo Group Radiator Manifold Product Offerings
Table 60. Purmo Group Radiator Manifold Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 61. Watts Water Technologies Corporate Summary
Table 62. Watts Water Technologies Radiator Manifold Product Offerings
Table 63. Watts Water Technologies Radiator Manifold Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 64. LK Systems Corporate Summary
Table 65. LK Systems Radiator Manifold Product Offerings
Table 66. LK Systems Radiator Manifold Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 67. Strasshofer Corporate Summary
Table 68. Strasshofer Radiator Manifold Product Offerings
Table 69. Strasshofer Radiator Manifold Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 70. Radiator Manifold Production Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2020-2022 (K Units)
Table 71. Global Radiator Manifold Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2020-2022
Table 72. Global Radiator Manifold Production by Region, 2017-2022 (K Units)
Table 73. Global Radiator Manifold Production by Region, 2023-2028 (K Units)
Table 74. Radiator Manifold Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 75. Radiator Manifold Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 76. Radiator Manifold Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 77. Radiator Manifold Raw Materials
Table 78. Radiator Manifold Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 79. Typical Radiator Manifold Downstream
Table 80. Radiator Manifold Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 81. Radiator Manifold Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market

List Of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Radiator Manifold Segment by Type
Figure 2. Radiator Manifold Segment by Application
Figure 3. Global Radiator Manifold Market Overview: 2021
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Radiator Manifold Market Size: 2021 VS 2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Radiator Manifold Revenue, 2017-2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Radiator Manifold Sales in Global Market: 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Radiator Manifold Revenue in 2021
Figure 9. By Type - Global Radiator Manifold Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 10. By Type - Global Radiator Manifold Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 11. By Type - Global Radiator Manifold Price (US$/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 12. By Application - Global Radiator Manifold Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 13. By Application - Global Radiator Manifold Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 14. By Application - Global Radiator Manifold Price (US$/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 15. By Region - Global Radiator Manifold Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 16. By Region - Global Radiator Manifold Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 17. By Country - North America Radiator Manifold Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 18. By Country - North America Radiator Manifold Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 19. US Radiator Manifold Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 20. Canada Radiator Manifold Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 21. Mexico Radiator Manifold Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 22. By Country - Europe Radiator Manifold Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 23. By Country - Europe Radiator Manifold Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 24. Germany Radiator Manifold Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 25. France Radiator Manifold Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 26. U.K. Radiator Manifold Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 27. Italy Radiator Manifold Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 28. Russia Radiator Manifold Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 29. Nordic Countries Radiator Manifold Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 30. Benelux Radiator Manifold Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 31. By Region - Asia Radiator Manifold Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 32. By Region - Asia Radiator Manifold Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 33. China Radiator Manifold Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 34. Japan Radiator Manifold Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 35. South Korea Radiator Manifold Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 36. Southeast Asia Radiator Manifold Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 37. India Radiator Manifold Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 38. By Country - South America Radiator Manifold Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 39. By Country - South America Radiator Manifold Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 40. Brazil Radiator Manifold Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 41. Argentina Radiator Manifold Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Radiator Manifold Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Radiator Manifold Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 44. Turkey Radiator Manifold Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 45. Israel Radiator Manifold Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 46. Saudi Arabia Radiator Manifold Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 47. UAE Radiator Manifold Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 48. Global Radiator Manifold Production Capacity (K Units), 2017-2028
Figure 49. The Percentage of Production Radiator Manifold by Region, 2021 VS 2028
Figure 50. Radiator Manifold Industry Value Chain
Figure 51. Marketing Channels