Global Accessible Shower Room Supply, Demand and Key Producers, 2024-2030

March 2024 | 133 pages | ID: G42F0042035CEN
GlobalInfoResearch

Abstracts

The global Accessible Shower Room market size is expected to reach $ million by 2030, rising at a market growth of % CAGR during the forecast period (2024-2030).

This report studies the global Accessible Shower Room demand, key companies, and key regions.

This report is a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the world market for Accessible Shower Room, and provides market size (US$ million) and Year-over-Year (YoY) growth, considering 2023 as the base year. This report explores demand trends and competition, as well as details the characteristics of Accessible Shower Room that contribute to its increasing demand across many markets.

Highlights and key features of the study

Global Accessible Shower Room total market, 2019-2030, (USD Million)

Global Accessible Shower Room total market by region & country, CAGR, 2019-2030, (USD Million)

U.S. VS China: Accessible Shower Room total market, key domestic companies and share, (USD Million)

Global Accessible Shower Room revenue by player and market share 2019-2024, (USD Million)

Global Accessible Shower Room total market by Type, CAGR, 2019-2030, (USD Million)

Global Accessible Shower Room total market by Application, CAGR, 2019-2030, (USD Million).

This reports profiles major players in the global Accessible Shower Room market based on the following parameters – company overview, revenue, gross margin, product portfolio, geographical presence, and key developments. Key companies covered as a part of this study include Kohler, American Standard, Accessibility Professionals, Ella's Bubbles, Schluter Systems, The Onyx Collection, HUEPPE, Hansgrohe and ARBLU, etc.

This report also provides key insights about market drivers, restraints, opportunities, new product launches or approvals.

Stakeholders would have ease in decision-making through various strategy matrices used in analyzing the World Accessible Shower Room market.

Detailed Segmentation:

Each section contains quantitative market data including market by value (US$ Millions), by player, by regions, by Type, and by Application. Data is given for the years 2019-2030 by year with 2023 as the base year, 2024 as the estimate year, and 2025-2030 as the forecast year.

Global Accessible Shower Room Market, By Region:

• United States
• China
• Europe
• Japan
• South Korea
• ASEAN
• India
• Rest of World

Global Accessible Shower Room Market, Segmentation by Type

• Standard Size
• Customized Size

Global Accessible Shower Room Market, Segmentation by Application

• Nursing Home
• Household Use
• Others

Companies Profiled:

• Kohler
• American Standard
• Accessibility Professionals
• Ella's Bubbles
• Schluter Systems
• The Onyx Collection
• HUEPPE
• Hansgrohe
• ARBLU
• Ponte Giulio
• NOVELLINI

Key Questions Answered

1. How big is the global Accessible Shower Room market?

2. What is the demand of the global Accessible Shower Room market?

3. What is the year over year growth of the global Accessible Shower Room market?

4. What is the total value of the global Accessible Shower Room market?

5. Who are the major players in the global Accessible Shower Room market?

Contents

1 SUPPLY SUMMARY

1.1 Accessible Shower Room Introduction
1.2 World Accessible Shower Room Market Size & Forecast (2019 & 2023 & 2030)
1.3 World Accessible Shower Room Total Market by Region (by Headquarter Location)
  1.3.1 World Accessible Shower Room Market Size by Region (2019-2030), (by Headquarter Location)
  1.3.2 United States Accessible Shower Room Market Size (2019-2030)
  1.3.3 China Accessible Shower Room Market Size (2019-2030)
  1.3.4 Europe Accessible Shower Room Market Size (2019-2030)
  1.3.5 Japan Accessible Shower Room Market Size (2019-2030)
  1.3.6 South Korea Accessible Shower Room Market Size (2019-2030)
  1.3.7 ASEAN Accessible Shower Room Market Size (2019-2030)
  1.3.8 India Accessible Shower Room Market Size (2019-2030)
1.4 Market Drivers, Restraints and Trends
  1.4.1 Accessible Shower Room Market Drivers
  1.4.2 Factors Affecting Demand
  1.4.3 Accessible Shower Room Major Market Trends

2 DEMAND SUMMARY

2.1 World Accessible Shower Room Consumption Value (2019-2030)
2.2 World Accessible Shower Room Consumption Value by Region
  2.2.1 World Accessible Shower Room Consumption Value by Region (2019-2024)
  2.2.2 World Accessible Shower Room Consumption Value Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
2.3 United States Accessible Shower Room Consumption Value (2019-2030)
2.4 China Accessible Shower Room Consumption Value (2019-2030)
2.5 Europe Accessible Shower Room Consumption Value (2019-2030)
2.6 Japan Accessible Shower Room Consumption Value (2019-2030)
2.7 South Korea Accessible Shower Room Consumption Value (2019-2030)
2.8 ASEAN Accessible Shower Room Consumption Value (2019-2030)
2.9 India Accessible Shower Room Consumption Value (2019-2030)

3 WORLD ACCESSIBLE SHOWER ROOM COMPANIES COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS

3.1 World Accessible Shower Room Revenue by Player (2019-2024)
3.2 Industry Rank and Concentration Rate (CR)
  3.2.1 Global Accessible Shower Room Industry Rank of Major Players
  3.2.2 Global Concentration Ratios (CR4) for Accessible Shower Room in 2023
  3.2.3 Global Concentration Ratios (CR8) for Accessible Shower Room in 2023
3.3 Accessible Shower Room Company Evaluation Quadrant
3.4 Accessible Shower Room Market: Overall Company Footprint Analysis
  3.4.1 Accessible Shower Room Market: Region Footprint
  3.4.2 Accessible Shower Room Market: Company Product Type Footprint
  3.4.3 Accessible Shower Room Market: Company Product Application Footprint
3.5 Competitive Environment
  3.5.1 Historical Structure of the Industry
  3.5.2 Barriers of Market Entry
  3.5.3 Factors of Competition
3.6 Mergers, Acquisitions Activity

4 UNITED STATES VS CHINA VS REST OF THE WORLD (BY HEADQUARTER LOCATION)

4.1 United States VS China: Accessible Shower Room Revenue Comparison (by Headquarter Location)
  4.1.1 United States VS China: Accessible Shower Room Market Size Comparison (2019 & 2023 & 2030) (by Headquarter Location)
  4.1.2 United States VS China: Accessible Shower Room Revenue Market Share Comparison (2019 & 2023 & 2030)
4.2 United States Based Companies VS China Based Companies: Accessible Shower Room Consumption Value Comparison
  4.2.1 United States VS China: Accessible Shower Room Consumption Value Comparison (2019 & 2023 & 2030)
  4.2.2 United States VS China: Accessible Shower Room Consumption Value Market Share Comparison (2019 & 2023 & 2030)
4.3 United States Based Accessible Shower Room Companies and Market Share, 2019-2024
  4.3.1 United States Based Accessible Shower Room Companies, Headquarters (States, Country)
  4.3.2 United States Based Companies Accessible Shower Room Revenue, (2019-2024)
4.4 China Based Companies Accessible Shower Room Revenue and Market Share, 2019-2024
  4.4.1 China Based Accessible Shower Room Companies, Company Headquarters (Province, Country)
  4.4.2 China Based Companies Accessible Shower Room Revenue, (2019-2024)
4.5 Rest of World Based Accessible Shower Room Companies and Market Share, 2019-2024
  4.5.1 Rest of World Based Accessible Shower Room Companies, Headquarters (States, Country)
  4.5.2 Rest of World Based Companies Accessible Shower Room Revenue, (2019-2024)

5 MARKET ANALYSIS BY TYPE

5.1 World Accessible Shower Room Market Size Overview by Type: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
5.2 Segment Introduction by Type
  5.2.1 Standard Size
  5.2.2 Customized Size
5.3 Market Segment by Type
  5.3.1 World Accessible Shower Room Market Size by Type (2019-2024)
  5.3.2 World Accessible Shower Room Market Size by Type (2025-2030)
  5.3.3 World Accessible Shower Room Market Size Market Share by Type (2019-2030)

6 MARKET ANALYSIS BY APPLICATION

6.1 World Accessible Shower Room Market Size Overview by Application: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
6.2 Segment Introduction by Application
  6.2.1 Nursing Home
  6.2.2 Household Use
  6.2.3 Others
6.3 Market Segment by Application
  6.3.1 World Accessible Shower Room Market Size by Application (2019-2024)
  6.3.2 World Accessible Shower Room Market Size by Application (2025-2030)
  6.3.3 World Accessible Shower Room Market Size by Application (2019-2030)

7 COMPANY PROFILES

7.1 Kohler
  7.1.1 Kohler Details
  7.1.2 Kohler Major Business
  7.1.3 Kohler Accessible Shower Room Product and Services
  7.1.4 Kohler Accessible Shower Room Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024)
  7.1.5 Kohler Recent Developments/Updates
  7.1.6 Kohler Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
7.2 American Standard
  7.2.1 American Standard Details
  7.2.2 American Standard Major Business
  7.2.3 American Standard Accessible Shower Room Product and Services
  7.2.4 American Standard Accessible Shower Room Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024)
  7.2.5 American Standard Recent Developments/Updates
  7.2.6 American Standard Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
7.3 Accessibility Professionals
  7.3.1 Accessibility Professionals Details
  7.3.2 Accessibility Professionals Major Business
  7.3.3 Accessibility Professionals Accessible Shower Room Product and Services
  7.3.4 Accessibility Professionals Accessible Shower Room Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024)
  7.3.5 Accessibility Professionals Recent Developments/Updates
  7.3.6 Accessibility Professionals Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
7.4 Ella's Bubbles
  7.4.1 Ella's Bubbles Details
  7.4.2 Ella's Bubbles Major Business
  7.4.3 Ella's Bubbles Accessible Shower Room Product and Services
  7.4.4 Ella's Bubbles Accessible Shower Room Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024)
  7.4.5 Ella's Bubbles Recent Developments/Updates
  7.4.6 Ella's Bubbles Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
7.5 Schluter Systems
  7.5.1 Schluter Systems Details
  7.5.2 Schluter Systems Major Business
  7.5.3 Schluter Systems Accessible Shower Room Product and Services
  7.5.4 Schluter Systems Accessible Shower Room Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024)
  7.5.5 Schluter Systems Recent Developments/Updates
  7.5.6 Schluter Systems Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
7.6 The Onyx Collection
  7.6.1 The Onyx Collection Details
  7.6.2 The Onyx Collection Major Business
  7.6.3 The Onyx Collection Accessible Shower Room Product and Services
  7.6.4 The Onyx Collection Accessible Shower Room Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024)
  7.6.5 The Onyx Collection Recent Developments/Updates
  7.6.6 The Onyx Collection Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
7.7 HUEPPE
  7.7.1 HUEPPE Details
  7.7.2 HUEPPE Major Business
  7.7.3 HUEPPE Accessible Shower Room Product and Services
  7.7.4 HUEPPE Accessible Shower Room Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024)
  7.7.5 HUEPPE Recent Developments/Updates
  7.7.6 HUEPPE Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
7.8 Hansgrohe
  7.8.1 Hansgrohe Details
  7.8.2 Hansgrohe Major Business
  7.8.3 Hansgrohe Accessible Shower Room Product and Services
  7.8.4 Hansgrohe Accessible Shower Room Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024)
  7.8.5 Hansgrohe Recent Developments/Updates
  7.8.6 Hansgrohe Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
7.9 ARBLU
  7.9.1 ARBLU Details
  7.9.2 ARBLU Major Business
  7.9.3 ARBLU Accessible Shower Room Product and Services
  7.9.4 ARBLU Accessible Shower Room Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024)
  7.9.5 ARBLU Recent Developments/Updates
  7.9.6 ARBLU Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
7.10 Ponte Giulio
  7.10.1 Ponte Giulio Details
  7.10.2 Ponte Giulio Major Business
  7.10.3 Ponte Giulio Accessible Shower Room Product and Services
  7.10.4 Ponte Giulio Accessible Shower Room Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024)
  7.10.5 Ponte Giulio Recent Developments/Updates
  7.10.6 Ponte Giulio Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
7.11 NOVELLINI
  7.11.1 NOVELLINI Details
  7.11.2 NOVELLINI Major Business
  7.11.3 NOVELLINI Accessible Shower Room Product and Services
  7.11.4 NOVELLINI Accessible Shower Room Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024)
  7.11.5 NOVELLINI Recent Developments/Updates
  7.11.6 NOVELLINI Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses

8 INDUSTRY CHAIN ANALYSIS

8.1 Accessible Shower Room Industry Chain
8.2 Accessible Shower Room Upstream Analysis
8.3 Accessible Shower Room Midstream Analysis
8.4 Accessible Shower Room Downstream Analysis

9 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

10 APPENDIX

10.1 Methodology
10.2 Research Process and Data Source
10.3 Disclaimer

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. World Accessible Shower Room Revenue by Region (2019, 2023 and 2030) & (USD Million), (by Headquarter Location)
Table 2. World Accessible Shower Room Revenue by Region (2019-2024) & (USD Million), (by Headquarter Location)
Table 3. World Accessible Shower Room Revenue by Region (2025-2030) & (USD Million), (by Headquarter Location)
Table 4. World Accessible Shower Room Revenue Market Share by Region (2019-2024), (by Headquarter Location)
Table 5. World Accessible Shower Room Revenue Market Share by Region (2025-2030), (by Headquarter Location)
Table 6. Major Market Trends
Table 7. World Accessible Shower Room Consumption Value Growth Rate Forecast by Region (2019 & 2023 & 2030) & (USD Million)
Table 8. World Accessible Shower Room Consumption Value by Region (2019-2024) & (USD Million)
Table 9. World Accessible Shower Room Consumption Value Forecast by Region (2025-2030) & (USD Million)
Table 10. World Accessible Shower Room Revenue by Player (2019-2024) & (USD Million)
Table 11. Revenue Market Share of Key Accessible Shower Room Players in 2023
Table 12. World Accessible Shower Room Industry Rank of Major Player, Based on Revenue in 2023
Table 13. Global Accessible Shower Room Company Evaluation Quadrant
Table 14. Head Office of Key Accessible Shower Room Player
Table 15. Accessible Shower Room Market: Company Product Type Footprint
Table 16. Accessible Shower Room Market: Company Product Application Footprint
Table 17. Accessible Shower Room Mergers & Acquisitions Activity
Table 18. United States VS China Accessible Shower Room Market Size Comparison, (2019 & 2023 & 2030) & (USD Million)
Table 19. United States VS China Accessible Shower Room Consumption Value Comparison, (2019 & 2023 & 2030) & (USD Million)
Table 20. United States Based Accessible Shower Room Companies, Headquarters (States, Country)
Table 21. United States Based Companies Accessible Shower Room Revenue, (2019-2024) & (USD Million)
Table 22. United States Based Companies Accessible Shower Room Revenue Market Share (2019-2024)
Table 23. China Based Accessible Shower Room Companies, Headquarters (Province, Country)
Table 24. China Based Companies Accessible Shower Room Revenue, (2019-2024) & (USD Million)
Table 25. China Based Companies Accessible Shower Room Revenue Market Share (2019-2024)
Table 26. Rest of World Based Accessible Shower Room Companies, Headquarters (States, Country)
Table 27. Rest of World Based Companies Accessible Shower Room Revenue, (2019-2024) & (USD Million)
Table 28. Rest of World Based Companies Accessible Shower Room Revenue Market Share (2019-2024)
Table 29. World Accessible Shower Room Market Size by Type, (USD Million), 2019 & 2023 & 2030
Table 30. World Accessible Shower Room Market Size by Type (2019-2024) & (USD Million)
Table 31. World Accessible Shower Room Market Size by Type (2025-2030) & (USD Million)
Table 32. World Accessible Shower Room Market Size by Application, (USD Million), 2019 & 2023 & 2030
Table 33. World Accessible Shower Room Market Size by Application (2019-2024) & (USD Million)
Table 34. World Accessible Shower Room Market Size by Application (2025-2030) & (USD Million)
Table 35. Kohler Basic Information, Area Served and Competitors
Table 36. Kohler Major Business
Table 37. Kohler Accessible Shower Room Product and Services
Table 38. Kohler Accessible Shower Room Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024) & (USD Million)
Table 39. Kohler Recent Developments/Updates
Table 40. Kohler Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 41. American Standard Basic Information, Area Served and Competitors
Table 42. American Standard Major Business
Table 43. American Standard Accessible Shower Room Product and Services
Table 44. American Standard Accessible Shower Room Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024) & (USD Million)
Table 45. American Standard Recent Developments/Updates
Table 46. American Standard Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 47. Accessibility Professionals Basic Information, Area Served and Competitors
Table 48. Accessibility Professionals Major Business
Table 49. Accessibility Professionals Accessible Shower Room Product and Services
Table 50. Accessibility Professionals Accessible Shower Room Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024) & (USD Million)
Table 51. Accessibility Professionals Recent Developments/Updates
Table 52. Accessibility Professionals Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 53. Ella's Bubbles Basic Information, Area Served and Competitors
Table 54. Ella's Bubbles Major Business
Table 55. Ella's Bubbles Accessible Shower Room Product and Services
Table 56. Ella's Bubbles Accessible Shower Room Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024) & (USD Million)
Table 57. Ella's Bubbles Recent Developments/Updates
Table 58. Ella's Bubbles Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 59. Schluter Systems Basic Information, Area Served and Competitors
Table 60. Schluter Systems Major Business
Table 61. Schluter Systems Accessible Shower Room Product and Services
Table 62. Schluter Systems Accessible Shower Room Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024) & (USD Million)
Table 63. Schluter Systems Recent Developments/Updates
Table 64. Schluter Systems Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 65. The Onyx Collection Basic Information, Area Served and Competitors
Table 66. The Onyx Collection Major Business
Table 67. The Onyx Collection Accessible Shower Room Product and Services
Table 68. The Onyx Collection Accessible Shower Room Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024) & (USD Million)
Table 69. The Onyx Collection Recent Developments/Updates
Table 70. The Onyx Collection Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 71. HUEPPE Basic Information, Area Served and Competitors
Table 72. HUEPPE Major Business
Table 73. HUEPPE Accessible Shower Room Product and Services
Table 74. HUEPPE Accessible Shower Room Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024) & (USD Million)
Table 75. HUEPPE Recent Developments/Updates
Table 76. HUEPPE Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 77. Hansgrohe Basic Information, Area Served and Competitors
Table 78. Hansgrohe Major Business
Table 79. Hansgrohe Accessible Shower Room Product and Services
Table 80. Hansgrohe Accessible Shower Room Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024) & (USD Million)
Table 81. Hansgrohe Recent Developments/Updates
Table 82. Hansgrohe Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 83. ARBLU Basic Information, Area Served and Competitors
Table 84. ARBLU Major Business
Table 85. ARBLU Accessible Shower Room Product and Services
Table 86. ARBLU Accessible Shower Room Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024) & (USD Million)
Table 87. ARBLU Recent Developments/Updates
Table 88. ARBLU Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 89. Ponte Giulio Basic Information, Area Served and Competitors
Table 90. Ponte Giulio Major Business
Table 91. Ponte Giulio Accessible Shower Room Product and Services
Table 92. Ponte Giulio Accessible Shower Room Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024) & (USD Million)
Table 93. Ponte Giulio Recent Developments/Updates
Table 94. NOVELLINI Basic Information, Area Served and Competitors
Table 95. NOVELLINI Major Business
Table 96. NOVELLINI Accessible Shower Room Product and Services
Table 97. NOVELLINI Accessible Shower Room Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024) & (USD Million)
Table 98. Global Key Players of Accessible Shower Room Upstream (Raw Materials)
Table 99. Accessible Shower Room Typical Customers

LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 1. Accessible Shower Room Picture
Figure 2. World Accessible Shower Room Total Market Size: 2019 & 2023 & 2030, (USD Million)
Figure 3. World Accessible Shower Room Total Market Size (2019-2030) & (USD Million)
Figure 4. World Accessible Shower Room Revenue Market Share by Region (2019, 2023 and 2030) & (USD Million) , (by Headquarter Location)
Figure 5. World Accessible Shower Room Revenue Market Share by Region (2019-2030), (by Headquarter Location)
Figure 6. United States Based Company Accessible Shower Room Revenue (2019-2030) & (USD Million)
Figure 7. China Based Company Accessible Shower Room Revenue (2019-2030) & (USD Million)
Figure 8. Europe Based Company Accessible Shower Room Revenue (2019-2030) & (USD Million)
Figure 9. Japan Based Company Accessible Shower Room Revenue (2019-2030) & (USD Million)
Figure 10. South Korea Based Company Accessible Shower Room Revenue (2019-2030) & (USD Million)
Figure 11. ASEAN Based Company Accessible Shower Room Revenue (2019-2030) & (USD Million)
Figure 12. India Based Company Accessible Shower Room Revenue (2019-2030) & (USD Million)
Figure 13. Accessible Shower Room Market Drivers
Figure 14. Factors Affecting Demand
Figure 15. World Accessible Shower Room Consumption Value (2019-2030) & (USD Million)
Figure 16. World Accessible Shower Room Consumption Value Market Share by Region (2019-2030)
Figure 17. United States Accessible Shower Room Consumption Value (2019-2030) & (USD Million)
Figure 18. China Accessible Shower Room Consumption Value (2019-2030) & (USD Million)
Figure 19. Europe Accessible Shower Room Consumption Value (2019-2030) & (USD Million)
Figure 20. Japan Accessible Shower Room Consumption Value (2019-2030) & (USD Million)
Figure 21. South Korea Accessible Shower Room Consumption Value (2019-2030) & (USD Million)
Figure 22. ASEAN Accessible Shower Room Consumption Value (2019-2030) & (USD Million)
Figure 23. India Accessible Shower Room Consumption Value (2019-2030) & (USD Million)
Figure 24. Producer Shipments of Accessible Shower Room by Player Revenue ($MM) and Market Share (%): 2023
Figure 25. Global Four-firm Concentration Ratios (CR4) for Accessible Shower Room Markets in 2023
Figure 26. Global Four-firm Concentration Ratios (CR8) for Accessible Shower Room Markets in 2023
Figure 27. United States VS China: Accessible Shower Room Revenue Market Share Comparison (2019 & 2023 & 2030)
Figure 28. United States VS China: Accessible Shower Room Consumption Value Market Share Comparison (2019 & 2023 & 2030)
Figure 29. World Accessible Shower Room Market Size by Type, (USD Million), 2019 & 2023 & 2030
Figure 30. World Accessible Shower Room Market Size Market Share by Type in 2023
Figure 31. Standard Size
Figure 32. Customized Size
Figure 33. World Accessible Shower Room Market Size Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 34. World Accessible Shower Room Market Size by Application, (USD Million), 2019 & 2023 & 2030
Figure 35. World Accessible Shower Room Market Size Market Share by Application in 2023
Figure 36. Nursing Home
Figure 37. Household Use
Figure 38. Others
Figure 39. Accessible Shower Room Industrial Chain
Figure 40. Methodology
Figure 41. Research Process and Data Source