2020-2025 Global Online Engagement Rings Market Report - Production and Consumption Professional Analysis (Impact of COVID-19)
This report elaborates the market size, market characteristics, and market growth of the Online Engagement Rings industry, and breaks down according to the type, application, and consumption area of Online Engagement Rings. The report also conducted a PESTEL analysis of the industry to study the main influencing factors and entry barriers of the industry.
In Chapter 3.4 of the report, the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the industry was fully assessed. Fully risk assessment and industry recommendations were made for Online Engagement Rings in a special period. This chapter also compares the markets of Pre COVID-19 and Post COVID-19.
In addition, chapters 8-12 consider the impact of COVID-19 on the regional economy.
Key players in the global Online Engagement Rings market covered in Chapter 13:
Chow Tai Fook
Yuyuan
David Yurman
Buccellati
Charles and Colvard
Chow Sang Sang
Laofengxiang
Damiani
Cartier
Mingr
Chowtaiseng
LVMH
Harry Winston Company
Lukfook
Van CleefandArpels
TSL
Tiffany
I DO
De Beers
CHJ
Bvlgari
In Chapter 6, on the basis of types, the Online Engagement Rings market from 2015 to 2025 is primarily split into:
Platinum Ring
Gold Ring
Diamond Ring
Other
In Chapter 7, on the basis of applications, the Online Engagement Rings market from 2015 to 2025 covers:
Women
Men
Geographically, the detailed analysis of production, trade of the following countries is covered in Chapter 4.2, 5:
United States
Europe
China
Japan
India
Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate of the following regions are covered in Chapter 8, 9, 10, 11, 12:
North America (Covered in Chapter 8)
United States
Canada
Mexico
Europe (Covered in Chapter 9)
Germany
UK
France
Italy
Spain
Others
Asia-Pacific (Covered in Chapter 10)
China
Japan
India
South Korea
Southeast Asia
Others
Middle East and Africa (Covered in Chapter 11)
Saudi Arabia
UAE
South Africa
Others
South America (Covered in Chapter 12)
Brazil
Others
Years considered for this report:
Historical Years: 2015-2019
Base Year: 2019
Estimated Year: 2020
Forecast Period: 2020-2025
In Chapter 3.4 of the report, the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the industry was fully assessed. Fully risk assessment and industry recommendations were made for Online Engagement Rings in a special period. This chapter also compares the markets of Pre COVID-19 and Post COVID-19.
In addition, chapters 8-12 consider the impact of COVID-19 on the regional economy.
Key players in the global Online Engagement Rings market covered in Chapter 13:
Chow Tai Fook
Yuyuan
David Yurman
Buccellati
Charles and Colvard
Chow Sang Sang
Laofengxiang
Damiani
Cartier
Mingr
Chowtaiseng
LVMH
Harry Winston Company
Lukfook
Van CleefandArpels
TSL
Tiffany
I DO
De Beers
CHJ
Bvlgari
In Chapter 6, on the basis of types, the Online Engagement Rings market from 2015 to 2025 is primarily split into:
Platinum Ring
Gold Ring
Diamond Ring
Other
In Chapter 7, on the basis of applications, the Online Engagement Rings market from 2015 to 2025 covers:
Women
Men
Geographically, the detailed analysis of production, trade of the following countries is covered in Chapter 4.2, 5:
United States
Europe
China
Japan
India
Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate of the following regions are covered in Chapter 8, 9, 10, 11, 12:
North America (Covered in Chapter 8)
United States
Canada
Mexico
Europe (Covered in Chapter 9)
Germany
UK
France
Italy
Spain
Others
Asia-Pacific (Covered in Chapter 10)
China
Japan
India
South Korea
Southeast Asia
Others
Middle East and Africa (Covered in Chapter 11)
Saudi Arabia
UAE
South Africa
Others
South America (Covered in Chapter 12)
Brazil
Others
Years considered for this report:
Historical Years: 2015-2019
Base Year: 2019
Estimated Year: 2020
Forecast Period: 2020-2025
1 ONLINE ENGAGEMENT RINGS MARKET - RESEARCH SCOPE
1.1 Study Goals
1.2 Market Definition and Scope
1.3 Key Market Segments
1.4 Study and Forecasting Years
2 ONLINE ENGAGEMENT RINGS MARKET - RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2.1 Methodology
2.2 Research Data Source
2.2.1 Secondary Data
2.2.2 Primary Data
2.2.3 Market Size Estimation
2.2.4 Legal Disclaimer
3 ONLINE ENGAGEMENT RINGS MARKET FORCES
3.1 Global Online Engagement Rings Market Size
3.2 Top Impacting Factors (PESTEL Analysis)
3.2.1 Political Factors
3.2.2 Economic Factors
3.2.3 Social Factors
3.2.4 Technological Factors
3.2.5 Environmental Factors
3.2.6 Legal Factors
3.3 Industry Trend Analysis
3.4 Industry Trends Under COVID-19
3.4.1 Risk Assessment on COVID-19
3.4.2 Assessment of the Overall Impact of COVID-19 on the Industry
3.4.3 Pre COVID-19 and Post COVID-19 Market Scenario
3.5 Industry Risk Assessment
4 ONLINE ENGAGEMENT RINGS MARKET - BY GEOGRAPHY
4.1 Global Online Engagement Rings Market Value and Market Share by Regions
4.1.1 Global Online Engagement Rings Value ($) by Region (2015-2020)
4.1.2 Global Online Engagement Rings Value Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
4.2 Global Online Engagement Rings Market Production and Market Share by Major Countries
4.2.1 Global Online Engagement Rings Production by Major Countries (2015-2020)
4.2.2 Global Online Engagement Rings Production Market Share by Major Countries (2015-2020)
4.3 Global Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Market Share by Regions
4.3.1 Global Online Engagement Rings Consumption by Regions (2015-2020)
4.3.2 Global Online Engagement Rings Consumption Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
5 ONLINE ENGAGEMENT RINGS MARKET - BY TRADE STATISTICS
5.1 Global Online Engagement Rings Export and Import
5.2 United States Online Engagement Rings Export and Import (2015-2020)
5.3 Europe Online Engagement Rings Export and Import (2015-2020)
5.4 China Online Engagement Rings Export and Import (2015-2020)
5.5 Japan Online Engagement Rings Export and Import (2015-2020)
5.6 India Online Engagement Rings Export and Import (2015-2020)
5.7 ...
6 ONLINE ENGAGEMENT RINGS MARKET - BY TYPE
6.1 Global Online Engagement Rings Production and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.1.1 Global Online Engagement Rings Production by Types (2015-2020)
6.1.2 Global Online Engagement Rings Production Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.2 Global Online Engagement Rings Value and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.2.1 Global Online Engagement Rings Value by Types (2015-2020)
6.2.2 Global Online Engagement Rings Value Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.3 Global Online Engagement Rings Production, Price and Growth Rate of Platinum Ring (2015-2020)
6.4 Global Online Engagement Rings Production, Price and Growth Rate of Gold Ring (2015-2020)
6.5 Global Online Engagement Rings Production, Price and Growth Rate of Diamond Ring (2015-2020)
6.6 Global Online Engagement Rings Production, Price and Growth Rate of Other (2015-2020)
7 ONLINE ENGAGEMENT RINGS MARKET - BY APPLICATION
7.1 Global Online Engagement Rings Consumption and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
7.1.1 Global Online Engagement Rings Consumption by Applications (2015-2020)
7.1.2 Global Online Engagement Rings Consumption Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
7.2 Global Online Engagement Rings Consumption and Growth Rate of Women (2015-2020)
7.3 Global Online Engagement Rings Consumption and Growth Rate of Men (2015-2020)
8 NORTH AMERICA ONLINE ENGAGEMENT RINGS MARKET
8.1 North America Online Engagement Rings Market Size
8.2 United States Online Engagement Rings Market Size
8.3 Canada Online Engagement Rings Market Size
8.4 Mexico Online Engagement Rings Market Size
8.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on North America Market
9 EUROPE ONLINE ENGAGEMENT RINGS MARKET ANALYSIS
9.1 Europe Online Engagement Rings Market Size
9.2 Germany Online Engagement Rings Market Size
9.3 United Kingdom Online Engagement Rings Market Size
9.4 France Online Engagement Rings Market Size
9.5 Italy Online Engagement Rings Market Size
9.6 Spain Online Engagement Rings Market Size
9.7 The Influence of COVID-19 on Europe Market
10 ASIA-PACIFIC ONLINE ENGAGEMENT RINGS MARKET ANALYSIS
10.1 Asia-Pacific Online Engagement Rings Market Size
10.2 China Online Engagement Rings Market Size
10.3 Japan Online Engagement Rings Market Size
10.4 South Korea Online Engagement Rings Market Size
10.5 Southeast Asia Online Engagement Rings Market Size
10.6 India Online Engagement Rings Market Size
10.7 The Influence of COVID-19 on Asia Pacific Market
11 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA ONLINE ENGAGEMENT RINGS MARKET ANALYSIS
11.1 Middle East and Africa Online Engagement Rings Market Size
11.2 Saudi Arabia Online Engagement Rings Market Size
11.3 UAE Online Engagement Rings Market Size
11.4 South Africa Online Engagement Rings Market Size
11.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Middle East and Africa Market
12 SOUTH AMERICA ONLINE ENGAGEMENT RINGS MARKET ANALYSIS
12.1 South America Online Engagement Rings Market Size
12.2 Brazil Online Engagement Rings Market Size
12.3 The Influence of COVID-19 on South America Market
13 COMPANY PROFILES
13.1 Chow Tai Fook
13.1.1 Chow Tai Fook Basic Information
13.1.2 Chow Tai Fook Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.1.3 Chow Tai Fook Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.2 Yuyuan
13.2.1 Yuyuan Basic Information
13.2.2 Yuyuan Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.2.3 Yuyuan Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.3 David Yurman
13.3.1 David Yurman Basic Information
13.3.2 David Yurman Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.3.3 David Yurman Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.4 Buccellati
13.4.1 Buccellati Basic Information
13.4.2 Buccellati Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.4.3 Buccellati Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.5 Charles and Colvard
13.5.1 Charles and Colvard Basic Information
13.5.2 Charles and Colvard Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.5.3 Charles and Colvard Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.6 Chow Sang Sang
13.6.1 Chow Sang Sang Basic Information
13.6.2 Chow Sang Sang Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.6.3 Chow Sang Sang Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.7 Laofengxiang
13.7.1 Laofengxiang Basic Information
13.7.2 Laofengxiang Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.7.3 Laofengxiang Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.8 Damiani
13.8.1 Damiani Basic Information
13.8.2 Damiani Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.8.3 Damiani Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.9 Cartier
13.9.1 Cartier Basic Information
13.9.2 Cartier Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.9.3 Cartier Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.10 Mingr
13.10.1 Mingr Basic Information
13.10.2 Mingr Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.10.3 Mingr Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.11 Chowtaiseng
13.11.1 Chowtaiseng Basic Information
13.11.2 Chowtaiseng Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.11.3 Chowtaiseng Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.12 LVMH
13.12.1 LVMH Basic Information
13.12.2 LVMH Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.12.3 LVMH Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.13 Harry Winston Company
13.13.1 Harry Winston Company Basic Information
13.13.2 Harry Winston Company Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.13.3 Harry Winston Company Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.14 Lukfook
13.14.1 Lukfook Basic Information
13.14.2 Lukfook Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.14.3 Lukfook Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.15 Van CleefandArpels
13.15.1 Van CleefandArpels Basic Information
13.15.2 Van CleefandArpels Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.15.3 Van CleefandArpels Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.16 TSL
13.16.1 TSL Basic Information
13.16.2 TSL Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.16.3 TSL Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.17 Tiffany
13.17.1 Tiffany Basic Information
13.17.2 Tiffany Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.17.3 Tiffany Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.18 I DO
13.18.1 I DO Basic Information
13.18.2 I DO Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.18.3 I DO Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.19 De Beers
13.19.1 De Beers Basic Information
13.19.2 De Beers Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.19.3 De Beers Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.20 CHJ
13.20.1 CHJ Basic Information
13.20.2 CHJ Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.20.3 CHJ Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.21 Bvlgari
13.21.1 Bvlgari Basic Information
13.21.2 Bvlgari Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.21.3 Bvlgari Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
14 MARKET FORECAST - BY REGIONS
14.1 North America Online Engagement Rings Market Forecast (2020-2025)
14.2 Europe Online Engagement Rings Market Forecast (2020-2025)
14.3 Asia-Pacific Online Engagement Rings Market Forecast (2020-2025)
14.4 Middle East and Africa Online Engagement Rings Market Forecast (2020-2025)
14.5 South America Online Engagement Rings Market Forecast (2020-2025)
15 MARKET FORECAST - BY TYPE AND APPLICATIONS
15.1 Global Online Engagement Rings Market Forecast by Types (2020-2025)
15.1.1 Global Online Engagement Rings Market Forecast Production and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
15.1.2 Global Online Engagement Rings Market Forecast Value and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
15.2 Global Online Engagement Rings Market Forecast by Applications (2020-2025)
1.1 Study Goals
1.2 Market Definition and Scope
1.3 Key Market Segments
1.4 Study and Forecasting Years
2 ONLINE ENGAGEMENT RINGS MARKET - RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2.1 Methodology
2.2 Research Data Source
2.2.1 Secondary Data
2.2.2 Primary Data
2.2.3 Market Size Estimation
2.2.4 Legal Disclaimer
3 ONLINE ENGAGEMENT RINGS MARKET FORCES
3.1 Global Online Engagement Rings Market Size
3.2 Top Impacting Factors (PESTEL Analysis)
3.2.1 Political Factors
3.2.2 Economic Factors
3.2.3 Social Factors
3.2.4 Technological Factors
3.2.5 Environmental Factors
3.2.6 Legal Factors
3.3 Industry Trend Analysis
3.4 Industry Trends Under COVID-19
3.4.1 Risk Assessment on COVID-19
3.4.2 Assessment of the Overall Impact of COVID-19 on the Industry
3.4.3 Pre COVID-19 and Post COVID-19 Market Scenario
3.5 Industry Risk Assessment
4 ONLINE ENGAGEMENT RINGS MARKET - BY GEOGRAPHY
4.1 Global Online Engagement Rings Market Value and Market Share by Regions
4.1.1 Global Online Engagement Rings Value ($) by Region (2015-2020)
4.1.2 Global Online Engagement Rings Value Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
4.2 Global Online Engagement Rings Market Production and Market Share by Major Countries
4.2.1 Global Online Engagement Rings Production by Major Countries (2015-2020)
4.2.2 Global Online Engagement Rings Production Market Share by Major Countries (2015-2020)
4.3 Global Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Market Share by Regions
4.3.1 Global Online Engagement Rings Consumption by Regions (2015-2020)
4.3.2 Global Online Engagement Rings Consumption Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
5 ONLINE ENGAGEMENT RINGS MARKET - BY TRADE STATISTICS
5.1 Global Online Engagement Rings Export and Import
5.2 United States Online Engagement Rings Export and Import (2015-2020)
5.3 Europe Online Engagement Rings Export and Import (2015-2020)
5.4 China Online Engagement Rings Export and Import (2015-2020)
5.5 Japan Online Engagement Rings Export and Import (2015-2020)
5.6 India Online Engagement Rings Export and Import (2015-2020)
5.7 ...
6 ONLINE ENGAGEMENT RINGS MARKET - BY TYPE
6.1 Global Online Engagement Rings Production and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.1.1 Global Online Engagement Rings Production by Types (2015-2020)
6.1.2 Global Online Engagement Rings Production Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.2 Global Online Engagement Rings Value and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.2.1 Global Online Engagement Rings Value by Types (2015-2020)
6.2.2 Global Online Engagement Rings Value Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.3 Global Online Engagement Rings Production, Price and Growth Rate of Platinum Ring (2015-2020)
6.4 Global Online Engagement Rings Production, Price and Growth Rate of Gold Ring (2015-2020)
6.5 Global Online Engagement Rings Production, Price and Growth Rate of Diamond Ring (2015-2020)
6.6 Global Online Engagement Rings Production, Price and Growth Rate of Other (2015-2020)
7 ONLINE ENGAGEMENT RINGS MARKET - BY APPLICATION
7.1 Global Online Engagement Rings Consumption and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
7.1.1 Global Online Engagement Rings Consumption by Applications (2015-2020)
7.1.2 Global Online Engagement Rings Consumption Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
7.2 Global Online Engagement Rings Consumption and Growth Rate of Women (2015-2020)
7.3 Global Online Engagement Rings Consumption and Growth Rate of Men (2015-2020)
8 NORTH AMERICA ONLINE ENGAGEMENT RINGS MARKET
8.1 North America Online Engagement Rings Market Size
8.2 United States Online Engagement Rings Market Size
8.3 Canada Online Engagement Rings Market Size
8.4 Mexico Online Engagement Rings Market Size
8.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on North America Market
9 EUROPE ONLINE ENGAGEMENT RINGS MARKET ANALYSIS
9.1 Europe Online Engagement Rings Market Size
9.2 Germany Online Engagement Rings Market Size
9.3 United Kingdom Online Engagement Rings Market Size
9.4 France Online Engagement Rings Market Size
9.5 Italy Online Engagement Rings Market Size
9.6 Spain Online Engagement Rings Market Size
9.7 The Influence of COVID-19 on Europe Market
10 ASIA-PACIFIC ONLINE ENGAGEMENT RINGS MARKET ANALYSIS
10.1 Asia-Pacific Online Engagement Rings Market Size
10.2 China Online Engagement Rings Market Size
10.3 Japan Online Engagement Rings Market Size
10.4 South Korea Online Engagement Rings Market Size
10.5 Southeast Asia Online Engagement Rings Market Size
10.6 India Online Engagement Rings Market Size
10.7 The Influence of COVID-19 on Asia Pacific Market
11 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA ONLINE ENGAGEMENT RINGS MARKET ANALYSIS
11.1 Middle East and Africa Online Engagement Rings Market Size
11.2 Saudi Arabia Online Engagement Rings Market Size
11.3 UAE Online Engagement Rings Market Size
11.4 South Africa Online Engagement Rings Market Size
11.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Middle East and Africa Market
12 SOUTH AMERICA ONLINE ENGAGEMENT RINGS MARKET ANALYSIS
12.1 South America Online Engagement Rings Market Size
12.2 Brazil Online Engagement Rings Market Size
12.3 The Influence of COVID-19 on South America Market
13 COMPANY PROFILES
13.1 Chow Tai Fook
13.1.1 Chow Tai Fook Basic Information
13.1.2 Chow Tai Fook Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.1.3 Chow Tai Fook Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.2 Yuyuan
13.2.1 Yuyuan Basic Information
13.2.2 Yuyuan Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.2.3 Yuyuan Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.3 David Yurman
13.3.1 David Yurman Basic Information
13.3.2 David Yurman Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.3.3 David Yurman Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.4 Buccellati
13.4.1 Buccellati Basic Information
13.4.2 Buccellati Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.4.3 Buccellati Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.5 Charles and Colvard
13.5.1 Charles and Colvard Basic Information
13.5.2 Charles and Colvard Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.5.3 Charles and Colvard Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.6 Chow Sang Sang
13.6.1 Chow Sang Sang Basic Information
13.6.2 Chow Sang Sang Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.6.3 Chow Sang Sang Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.7 Laofengxiang
13.7.1 Laofengxiang Basic Information
13.7.2 Laofengxiang Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.7.3 Laofengxiang Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.8 Damiani
13.8.1 Damiani Basic Information
13.8.2 Damiani Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.8.3 Damiani Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.9 Cartier
13.9.1 Cartier Basic Information
13.9.2 Cartier Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.9.3 Cartier Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.10 Mingr
13.10.1 Mingr Basic Information
13.10.2 Mingr Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.10.3 Mingr Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.11 Chowtaiseng
13.11.1 Chowtaiseng Basic Information
13.11.2 Chowtaiseng Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.11.3 Chowtaiseng Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.12 LVMH
13.12.1 LVMH Basic Information
13.12.2 LVMH Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.12.3 LVMH Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.13 Harry Winston Company
13.13.1 Harry Winston Company Basic Information
13.13.2 Harry Winston Company Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.13.3 Harry Winston Company Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.14 Lukfook
13.14.1 Lukfook Basic Information
13.14.2 Lukfook Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.14.3 Lukfook Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.15 Van CleefandArpels
13.15.1 Van CleefandArpels Basic Information
13.15.2 Van CleefandArpels Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.15.3 Van CleefandArpels Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.16 TSL
13.16.1 TSL Basic Information
13.16.2 TSL Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.16.3 TSL Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.17 Tiffany
13.17.1 Tiffany Basic Information
13.17.2 Tiffany Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.17.3 Tiffany Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.18 I DO
13.18.1 I DO Basic Information
13.18.2 I DO Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.18.3 I DO Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.19 De Beers
13.19.1 De Beers Basic Information
13.19.2 De Beers Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.19.3 De Beers Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.20 CHJ
13.20.1 CHJ Basic Information
13.20.2 CHJ Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.20.3 CHJ Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.21 Bvlgari
13.21.1 Bvlgari Basic Information
13.21.2 Bvlgari Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.21.3 Bvlgari Online Engagement Rings Market Performance (2015-2020)
14 MARKET FORECAST - BY REGIONS
14.1 North America Online Engagement Rings Market Forecast (2020-2025)
14.2 Europe Online Engagement Rings Market Forecast (2020-2025)
14.3 Asia-Pacific Online Engagement Rings Market Forecast (2020-2025)
14.4 Middle East and Africa Online Engagement Rings Market Forecast (2020-2025)
14.5 South America Online Engagement Rings Market Forecast (2020-2025)
15 MARKET FORECAST - BY TYPE AND APPLICATIONS
15.1 Global Online Engagement Rings Market Forecast by Types (2020-2025)
15.1.1 Global Online Engagement Rings Market Forecast Production and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
15.1.2 Global Online Engagement Rings Market Forecast Value and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
15.2 Global Online Engagement Rings Market Forecast by Applications (2020-2025)
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Figure Online Engagement Rings Picture
Table Online Engagement Rings Key Market Segments
Figure Study and Forecasting Years
Figure Global Online Engagement Rings Market Size and Growth Rate 2015-2025
Figure Industry PESTEL Analysis
Figure Global COVID-19 Status
Figure Market Size Forecast Comparison of Pre COVID-19 and Post COVID-19
Figure Global Online Engagement Rings Value ($) and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Value ($) by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Value Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Figure Global Online Engagement Rings Value Market Share by Regions in 2019
Figure Global Online Engagement Rings Production and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Production by Major Countries (2015-2020)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Production Market Share by Major Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Global Online Engagement Rings Production Market Share by Regions in 2019
Figure Global Online Engagement Rings Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Consumption by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Consumption Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Figure Global Online Engagement Rings Consumption Market Share by Regions in 2019
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Export Top 3 Country 2019
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Import Top 3 Country 2019
Table United States Online Engagement Rings Export and Import (2015-2020)
Table Europe Online Engagement Rings Export and Import (2015-2020)
Table China Online Engagement Rings Export and Import (2015-2020)
Table Japan Online Engagement Rings Export and Import (2015-2020)
Table India Online Engagement Rings Export and Import (2015-2020)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Production by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Production Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
Figure Global Online Engagement Rings Production Share by Type (2015-2020)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Value by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Value Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
Figure Global Online Engagement Rings Value Share by Type (2015-2020)
Figure Global Platinum Ring Production and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Platinum Ring Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Gold Ring Production and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Gold Ring Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Diamond Ring Production and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Diamond Ring Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Other Production and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Other Price (2015-2020)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Consumption by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Consumption Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
Figure Global Online Engagement Rings Consumption Share by Application (2015-2020)
Figure Global Women Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Men Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure North America Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table North America Online Engagement Rings Consumption by Countries (2015-2020)
Table North America Online Engagement Rings Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure North America Online Engagement Rings Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure United States Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Canada Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Mexico Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure North America COVID-19 Status
Figure Europe Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Europe Online Engagement Rings Consumption by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Europe Online Engagement Rings Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Online Engagement Rings Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Germany Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure United Kingdom Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure France Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Italy Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Spain Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe COVID-19 Status
Figure Asia-Pacific Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Asia-Pacific Online Engagement Rings Consumption by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Asia-Pacific Online Engagement Rings Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Online Engagement Rings Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure China Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Japan Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South Korea Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Southeast Asia Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure India Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia Pacific COVID-19 Status
Figure Middle East and Africa Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Middle East and Africa Online Engagement Rings Consumption by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Middle East and Africa Online Engagement Rings Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Online Engagement Rings Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Saudi Arabia Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure UAE Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South Africa Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table South America Online Engagement Rings Consumption by Countries (2015-2020)
Table South America Online Engagement Rings Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure South America Online Engagement Rings Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Brazil Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Chow Tai Fook Company Profile
Table Chow Tai Fook Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Chow Tai Fook Production and Growth Rate
Figure Chow Tai Fook Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Yuyuan Company Profile
Table Yuyuan Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Yuyuan Production and Growth Rate
Figure Yuyuan Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table David Yurman Company Profile
Table David Yurman Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure David Yurman Production and Growth Rate
Figure David Yurman Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Buccellati Company Profile
Table Buccellati Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Buccellati Production and Growth Rate
Figure Buccellati Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Charles and Colvard Company Profile
Table Charles and Colvard Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Charles and Colvard Production and Growth Rate
Figure Charles and Colvard Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Chow Sang Sang Company Profile
Table Chow Sang Sang Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Chow Sang Sang Production and Growth Rate
Figure Chow Sang Sang Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Laofengxiang Company Profile
Table Laofengxiang Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Laofengxiang Production and Growth Rate
Figure Laofengxiang Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Damiani Company Profile
Table Damiani Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Damiani Production and Growth Rate
Figure Damiani Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Cartier Company Profile
Table Cartier Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Cartier Production and Growth Rate
Figure Cartier Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Mingr Company Profile
Table Mingr Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Mingr Production and Growth Rate
Figure Mingr Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Chowtaiseng Company Profile
Table Chowtaiseng Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Chowtaiseng Production and Growth Rate
Figure Chowtaiseng Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table LVMH Company Profile
Table LVMH Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure LVMH Production and Growth Rate
Figure LVMH Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Harry Winston Company Company Profile
Table Harry Winston Company Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Harry Winston Company Production and Growth Rate
Figure Harry Winston Company Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Lukfook Company Profile
Table Lukfook Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Lukfook Production and Growth Rate
Figure Lukfook Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Van CleefandArpels Company Profile
Table Van CleefandArpels Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Van CleefandArpels Production and Growth Rate
Figure Van CleefandArpels Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table TSL Company Profile
Table TSL Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure TSL Production and Growth Rate
Figure TSL Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Tiffany Company Profile
Table Tiffany Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Tiffany Production and Growth Rate
Figure Tiffany Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table I DO Company Profile
Table I DO Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure I DO Production and Growth Rate
Figure I DO Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table De Beers Company Profile
Table De Beers Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure De Beers Production and Growth Rate
Figure De Beers Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table CHJ Company Profile
Table CHJ Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure CHJ Production and Growth Rate
Figure CHJ Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Bvlgari Company Profile
Table Bvlgari Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Bvlgari Production and Growth Rate
Figure Bvlgari Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Figure North America Market Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Europe Market Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Middle East and Africa Market Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure South America Market Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Market Forecast Production by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Market Forecast Production Share by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Market Forecast Value ($) by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Market Forecast Value Share by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Market Forecast Consumption by Applications (2020-2025)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Market Forecast Consumption Share by Applications (2020-2025)
Figure Online Engagement Rings Picture
Table Online Engagement Rings Key Market Segments
Figure Study and Forecasting Years
Figure Global Online Engagement Rings Market Size and Growth Rate 2015-2025
Figure Industry PESTEL Analysis
Figure Global COVID-19 Status
Figure Market Size Forecast Comparison of Pre COVID-19 and Post COVID-19
Figure Global Online Engagement Rings Value ($) and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Value ($) by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Value Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Figure Global Online Engagement Rings Value Market Share by Regions in 2019
Figure Global Online Engagement Rings Production and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Production by Major Countries (2015-2020)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Production Market Share by Major Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Global Online Engagement Rings Production Market Share by Regions in 2019
Figure Global Online Engagement Rings Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Consumption by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Consumption Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Figure Global Online Engagement Rings Consumption Market Share by Regions in 2019
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Export Top 3 Country 2019
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Import Top 3 Country 2019
Table United States Online Engagement Rings Export and Import (2015-2020)
Table Europe Online Engagement Rings Export and Import (2015-2020)
Table China Online Engagement Rings Export and Import (2015-2020)
Table Japan Online Engagement Rings Export and Import (2015-2020)
Table India Online Engagement Rings Export and Import (2015-2020)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Production by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Production Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
Figure Global Online Engagement Rings Production Share by Type (2015-2020)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Value by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Value Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
Figure Global Online Engagement Rings Value Share by Type (2015-2020)
Figure Global Platinum Ring Production and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Platinum Ring Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Gold Ring Production and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Gold Ring Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Diamond Ring Production and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Diamond Ring Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Other Production and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Other Price (2015-2020)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Consumption by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Consumption Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
Figure Global Online Engagement Rings Consumption Share by Application (2015-2020)
Figure Global Women Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Men Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure North America Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table North America Online Engagement Rings Consumption by Countries (2015-2020)
Table North America Online Engagement Rings Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure North America Online Engagement Rings Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure United States Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Canada Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Mexico Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure North America COVID-19 Status
Figure Europe Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Europe Online Engagement Rings Consumption by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Europe Online Engagement Rings Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Online Engagement Rings Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Germany Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure United Kingdom Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure France Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Italy Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Spain Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe COVID-19 Status
Figure Asia-Pacific Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Asia-Pacific Online Engagement Rings Consumption by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Asia-Pacific Online Engagement Rings Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Online Engagement Rings Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure China Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Japan Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South Korea Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Southeast Asia Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure India Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia Pacific COVID-19 Status
Figure Middle East and Africa Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Middle East and Africa Online Engagement Rings Consumption by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Middle East and Africa Online Engagement Rings Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Online Engagement Rings Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Saudi Arabia Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure UAE Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South Africa Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table South America Online Engagement Rings Consumption by Countries (2015-2020)
Table South America Online Engagement Rings Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure South America Online Engagement Rings Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Brazil Online Engagement Rings Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Chow Tai Fook Company Profile
Table Chow Tai Fook Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Chow Tai Fook Production and Growth Rate
Figure Chow Tai Fook Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Yuyuan Company Profile
Table Yuyuan Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Yuyuan Production and Growth Rate
Figure Yuyuan Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table David Yurman Company Profile
Table David Yurman Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure David Yurman Production and Growth Rate
Figure David Yurman Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Buccellati Company Profile
Table Buccellati Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Buccellati Production and Growth Rate
Figure Buccellati Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Charles and Colvard Company Profile
Table Charles and Colvard Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Charles and Colvard Production and Growth Rate
Figure Charles and Colvard Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Chow Sang Sang Company Profile
Table Chow Sang Sang Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Chow Sang Sang Production and Growth Rate
Figure Chow Sang Sang Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Laofengxiang Company Profile
Table Laofengxiang Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Laofengxiang Production and Growth Rate
Figure Laofengxiang Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Damiani Company Profile
Table Damiani Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Damiani Production and Growth Rate
Figure Damiani Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Cartier Company Profile
Table Cartier Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Cartier Production and Growth Rate
Figure Cartier Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Mingr Company Profile
Table Mingr Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Mingr Production and Growth Rate
Figure Mingr Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Chowtaiseng Company Profile
Table Chowtaiseng Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Chowtaiseng Production and Growth Rate
Figure Chowtaiseng Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table LVMH Company Profile
Table LVMH Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure LVMH Production and Growth Rate
Figure LVMH Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Harry Winston Company Company Profile
Table Harry Winston Company Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Harry Winston Company Production and Growth Rate
Figure Harry Winston Company Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Lukfook Company Profile
Table Lukfook Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Lukfook Production and Growth Rate
Figure Lukfook Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Van CleefandArpels Company Profile
Table Van CleefandArpels Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Van CleefandArpels Production and Growth Rate
Figure Van CleefandArpels Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table TSL Company Profile
Table TSL Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure TSL Production and Growth Rate
Figure TSL Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Tiffany Company Profile
Table Tiffany Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Tiffany Production and Growth Rate
Figure Tiffany Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table I DO Company Profile
Table I DO Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure I DO Production and Growth Rate
Figure I DO Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table De Beers Company Profile
Table De Beers Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure De Beers Production and Growth Rate
Figure De Beers Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table CHJ Company Profile
Table CHJ Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure CHJ Production and Growth Rate
Figure CHJ Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Bvlgari Company Profile
Table Bvlgari Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Bvlgari Production and Growth Rate
Figure Bvlgari Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Figure North America Market Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Europe Market Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Middle East and Africa Market Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure South America Market Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Market Forecast Production by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Market Forecast Production Share by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Market Forecast Value ($) by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Market Forecast Value Share by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Market Forecast Consumption by Applications (2020-2025)
Table Global Online Engagement Rings Market Forecast Consumption Share by Applications (2020-2025)
