Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market – Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Opportunity, and Forecast Segmented By Component Type (Ventilation Systems, Lighting Technologies, Energy Management Systems and Controls, By Region & Competition, 2021-2031F
The Global Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market is projected to grow substantially from USD 34.97 billion in 2025 to USD 51.08 billion by 2031, demonstrating a 6.52% CAGR. These non-residential structures are specifically engineered to minimize power consumption through advanced insulation, smart management systems, and high-performance materials, all while maintaining operational utility. This market expansion is largely driven by stringent government decarbonization mandates, rising utility costs, and the increasing prioritization of corporate sustainability goals, especially given that the buildings and construction sector accounted for approximately 34% of global energy demand in 2024. However, a significant barrier to widespread adoption is the substantial initial capital expenditure required for green construction and retrofitting technologies, often compounded by the split incentive dilemma where property owners incur costs but tenants benefit from savings, leading to reluctance in funding improvements.
Market Driver
Two primary factors are fundamentally reshaping the market. First, stringent government regulations and building energy codes are mandating higher performance standards and accelerating the phase-out of carbon-intensive assets. Governments are integrating the building sector into climate strategies, enforcing rigorous codes that target both operational and embodied carbon, shifting from voluntary guidelines to enforceable national frameworks requiring tangible decarbonization pathways. For instance, over 40 countries have utilized the 'NDC Scorecard for Sustainable Buildings' to evaluate climate action plans, creating 16 National Action Plans aligning building policies with 1.5°C pathways by October 2025. This forces commercial property owners to adopt energy-efficient technologies to avoid regulatory penalties and asset devaluation. Second, the retrofitting and renovation of aging commercial infrastructure is a critical driver, necessitated by the urgent need to modernize existing stock that falls short of modern standards, as new construction alone cannot offset sector-wide emissions. Significant capital is targeting deep retrofitting to improve insulation and digital management capabilities, with end-use investment in energy efficiency projected to reach nearly USD 800 billion globally in 2025, reflecting a 6% annual growth. This investment is crucial for addressing the sector's environmental footprint, considering construction materials like steel and cement were responsible for 18% of global emissions in 2025.
Market Challenge
A formidable barrier to the commercial energy-efficient building market's growth is the substantial initial capital expenditure associated with green technologies. Property developers and owners face heavy upfront costs for high-performance materials and integrated management systems, often with extended periods before realizing a return on investment. This financial hurdle is intensified by the split incentive dilemma, where landlords fund efficiency upgrades but tenants enjoy the subsequent lower utility expenses. This disconnect in financial benefit creates a strong disincentive for owners to approve projects, thereby hindering the widespread implementation of necessary retrofits and new sustainable developments. Market data underscores these financial obstacles; global investment in green construction activities reportedly declined by 7% in 2023. This reduction in capital allocation reflects investor hesitation amidst cost concerns, directly impeding the market's ability to scale operations and meet the rising global demand for decarbonized commercial infrastructure.
Market Trends
Two key trends are currently shaping the market. Firstly, accelerated electrification via commercial heat pump deployment is replacing fossil-fuel boilers to decarbonize heating systems. This involves installing high-performance heat pumps that eliminate on-site emissions and operate effectively in diverse climates, driven by regulatory pressure to phase out gas infrastructure and the superior efficiency of electric alternatives. Manufacturers shipped 32% more heat pumps than gas furnaces in 2024, signaling the industry's decisive pivot toward electrification to future-proof assets against strict environmental codes and volatile fuel prices. Secondly, the widespread adoption of AI-driven digital twins for predictive energy modeling is transforming facility management into a proactive discipline. These systems create virtual replicas of physical buildings, utilizing machine learning to simulate energy usage and identify operational inefficiencies before they impact performance. This technology enables precise, data-backed adjustments that significantly reduce utility costs and carbon footprints without compromising occupant comfort, with 55% of global executives planning increased investment in smart building technologies in the near term to meet rigorous net-zero targets.
Key Market Players
In this report, the Global Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:
Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market.
Available Customizations:
Global Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market report with the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:
Company Information
Market Driver
Two primary factors are fundamentally reshaping the market. First, stringent government regulations and building energy codes are mandating higher performance standards and accelerating the phase-out of carbon-intensive assets. Governments are integrating the building sector into climate strategies, enforcing rigorous codes that target both operational and embodied carbon, shifting from voluntary guidelines to enforceable national frameworks requiring tangible decarbonization pathways. For instance, over 40 countries have utilized the 'NDC Scorecard for Sustainable Buildings' to evaluate climate action plans, creating 16 National Action Plans aligning building policies with 1.5°C pathways by October 2025. This forces commercial property owners to adopt energy-efficient technologies to avoid regulatory penalties and asset devaluation. Second, the retrofitting and renovation of aging commercial infrastructure is a critical driver, necessitated by the urgent need to modernize existing stock that falls short of modern standards, as new construction alone cannot offset sector-wide emissions. Significant capital is targeting deep retrofitting to improve insulation and digital management capabilities, with end-use investment in energy efficiency projected to reach nearly USD 800 billion globally in 2025, reflecting a 6% annual growth. This investment is crucial for addressing the sector's environmental footprint, considering construction materials like steel and cement were responsible for 18% of global emissions in 2025.
Market Challenge
A formidable barrier to the commercial energy-efficient building market's growth is the substantial initial capital expenditure associated with green technologies. Property developers and owners face heavy upfront costs for high-performance materials and integrated management systems, often with extended periods before realizing a return on investment. This financial hurdle is intensified by the split incentive dilemma, where landlords fund efficiency upgrades but tenants enjoy the subsequent lower utility expenses. This disconnect in financial benefit creates a strong disincentive for owners to approve projects, thereby hindering the widespread implementation of necessary retrofits and new sustainable developments. Market data underscores these financial obstacles; global investment in green construction activities reportedly declined by 7% in 2023. This reduction in capital allocation reflects investor hesitation amidst cost concerns, directly impeding the market's ability to scale operations and meet the rising global demand for decarbonized commercial infrastructure.
Market Trends
Two key trends are currently shaping the market. Firstly, accelerated electrification via commercial heat pump deployment is replacing fossil-fuel boilers to decarbonize heating systems. This involves installing high-performance heat pumps that eliminate on-site emissions and operate effectively in diverse climates, driven by regulatory pressure to phase out gas infrastructure and the superior efficiency of electric alternatives. Manufacturers shipped 32% more heat pumps than gas furnaces in 2024, signaling the industry's decisive pivot toward electrification to future-proof assets against strict environmental codes and volatile fuel prices. Secondly, the widespread adoption of AI-driven digital twins for predictive energy modeling is transforming facility management into a proactive discipline. These systems create virtual replicas of physical buildings, utilizing machine learning to simulate energy usage and identify operational inefficiencies before they impact performance. This technology enables precise, data-backed adjustments that significantly reduce utility costs and carbon footprints without compromising occupant comfort, with 55% of global executives planning increased investment in smart building technologies in the near term to meet rigorous net-zero targets.
Key Market Players
- Cleantech Group
- Johnson Controls
- Ameresco Inc.
- Serious Energy Inc.
- Knauf Insulation
- Architectural Energy Corporation
- KMC Controls Inc.
In this report, the Global Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:
- Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market, By Component Type
- Ventilation Systems
- Lighting Technologies
- Energy Management Systems & Controls
- Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market, By Region
- North America
- United States
- Canada
- Mexico
- Europe
- France
- United Kingdom
- Italy
- Germany
- Spain
- Asia Pacific
- China
- India
- Japan
- Australia
- South Korea
- South America
- Brazil
- Argentina
- Colombia
- Middle East & Africa
- South Africa
- Saudi Arabia
- UAE
Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market.
Available Customizations:
Global Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market report with the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:
Company Information
- Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).
1. PRODUCT OVERVIEW
1.1. Market Definition
1.2. Scope of the Market
1.2.1. Markets Covered
1.2.2. Years Considered for Study
1.2.3. Key Market Segmentations
2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2.1. Objective of the Study
2.2. Baseline Methodology
2.3. Key Industry Partners
2.4. Major Association and Secondary Sources
2.5. Forecasting Methodology
2.6. Data Triangulation & Validation
2.7. Assumptions and Limitations
3. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
3.1. Overview of the Market
3.2. Overview of Key Market Segmentations
3.3. Overview of Key Market Players
3.4. Overview of Key Regions/Countries
3.5. Overview of Market Drivers, Challenges, Trends
4. VOICE OF CUSTOMER
5. GLOBAL COMMERCIAL ENERGY-EFFICIENT BUILDING MARKET OUTLOOK
5.1. Market Size & Forecast
5.1.1. By Value
5.2. Market Share & Forecast
5.2.1. By Component Type (Ventilation Systems, Lighting Technologies, Energy Management Systems & Controls)
5.2.2. By Region
5.2.3. By Company (2025)
5.3. Market Map
6. NORTH AMERICA COMMERCIAL ENERGY-EFFICIENT BUILDING MARKET OUTLOOK
6.1. Market Size & Forecast
6.1.1. By Value
6.2. Market Share & Forecast
6.2.1. By Component Type
6.2.2. By Country
6.3. North America: Country Analysis
6.3.1. United States Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
6.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
6.3.1.1.1. By Value
6.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
6.3.1.2.1. By Component Type
6.3.2. Canada Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
6.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
6.3.2.1.1. By Value
6.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
6.3.2.2.1. By Component Type
6.3.3. Mexico Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
6.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
6.3.3.1.1. By Value
6.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
6.3.3.2.1. By Component Type
7. EUROPE COMMERCIAL ENERGY-EFFICIENT BUILDING MARKET OUTLOOK
7.1. Market Size & Forecast
7.1.1. By Value
7.2. Market Share & Forecast
7.2.1. By Component Type
7.2.2. By Country
7.3. Europe: Country Analysis
7.3.1. Germany Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
7.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
7.3.1.1.1. By Value
7.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
7.3.1.2.1. By Component Type
7.3.2. France Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
7.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
7.3.2.1.1. By Value
7.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
7.3.2.2.1. By Component Type
7.3.3. United Kingdom Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
7.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
7.3.3.1.1. By Value
7.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
7.3.3.2.1. By Component Type
7.3.4. Italy Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
7.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
7.3.4.1.1. By Value
7.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
7.3.4.2.1. By Component Type
7.3.5. Spain Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
7.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
7.3.5.1.1. By Value
7.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
7.3.5.2.1. By Component Type
8. ASIA PACIFIC COMMERCIAL ENERGY-EFFICIENT BUILDING MARKET OUTLOOK
8.1. Market Size & Forecast
8.1.1. By Value
8.2. Market Share & Forecast
8.2.1. By Component Type
8.2.2. By Country
8.3. Asia Pacific: Country Analysis
8.3.1. China Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
8.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
8.3.1.1.1. By Value
8.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
8.3.1.2.1. By Component Type
8.3.2. India Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
8.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
8.3.2.1.1. By Value
8.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
8.3.2.2.1. By Component Type
8.3.3. Japan Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
8.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
8.3.3.1.1. By Value
8.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
8.3.3.2.1. By Component Type
8.3.4. South Korea Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
8.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
8.3.4.1.1. By Value
8.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
8.3.4.2.1. By Component Type
8.3.5. Australia Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
8.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
8.3.5.1.1. By Value
8.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
8.3.5.2.1. By Component Type
9. MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA COMMERCIAL ENERGY-EFFICIENT BUILDING MARKET OUTLOOK
9.1. Market Size & Forecast
9.1.1. By Value
9.2. Market Share & Forecast
9.2.1. By Component Type
9.2.2. By Country
9.3. Middle East & Africa: Country Analysis
9.3.1. Saudi Arabia Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
9.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
9.3.1.1.1. By Value
9.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
9.3.1.2.1. By Component Type
9.3.2. UAE Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
9.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
9.3.2.1.1. By Value
9.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
9.3.2.2.1. By Component Type
9.3.3. South Africa Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
9.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
9.3.3.1.1. By Value
9.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
9.3.3.2.1. By Component Type
10. SOUTH AMERICA COMMERCIAL ENERGY-EFFICIENT BUILDING MARKET OUTLOOK
10.1. Market Size & Forecast
10.1.1. By Value
10.2. Market Share & Forecast
10.2.1. By Component Type
10.2.2. By Country
10.3. South America: Country Analysis
10.3.1. Brazil Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
10.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
10.3.1.1.1. By Value
10.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
10.3.1.2.1. By Component Type
10.3.2. Colombia Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
10.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
10.3.2.1.1. By Value
10.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
10.3.2.2.1. By Component Type
10.3.3. Argentina Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
10.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
10.3.3.1.1. By Value
10.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
10.3.3.2.1. By Component Type
11. MARKET DYNAMICS
11.1. Drivers
11.2. Challenges
12. MARKET TRENDS & DEVELOPMENTS
12.1. Merger & Acquisition (If Any)
12.2. Product Launches (If Any)
12.3. Recent Developments
13. GLOBAL COMMERCIAL ENERGY-EFFICIENT BUILDING MARKET: SWOT ANALYSIS
14. PORTER'S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
14.1. Competition in the Industry
14.2. Potential of New Entrants
14.3. Power of Suppliers
14.4. Power of Customers
14.5. Threat of Substitute Products
15. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
15.1. Cleantech Group
15.1.1. Business Overview
15.1.2. Products & Services
15.1.3. Recent Developments
15.1.4. Key Personnel
15.1.5. SWOT Analysis
15.2. Johnson Controls
15.3. Ameresco Inc.
15.4. Serious Energy Inc.
15.5. Knauf Insulation
15.6. Architectural Energy Corporation
15.7. KMC Controls Inc.
16. STRATEGIC RECOMMENDATIONS
17. ABOUT US & DISCLAIMER
1.1. Market Definition
1.2. Scope of the Market
1.2.1. Markets Covered
1.2.2. Years Considered for Study
1.2.3. Key Market Segmentations
2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2.1. Objective of the Study
2.2. Baseline Methodology
2.3. Key Industry Partners
2.4. Major Association and Secondary Sources
2.5. Forecasting Methodology
2.6. Data Triangulation & Validation
2.7. Assumptions and Limitations
3. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
3.1. Overview of the Market
3.2. Overview of Key Market Segmentations
3.3. Overview of Key Market Players
3.4. Overview of Key Regions/Countries
3.5. Overview of Market Drivers, Challenges, Trends
4. VOICE OF CUSTOMER
5. GLOBAL COMMERCIAL ENERGY-EFFICIENT BUILDING MARKET OUTLOOK
5.1. Market Size & Forecast
5.1.1. By Value
5.2. Market Share & Forecast
5.2.1. By Component Type (Ventilation Systems, Lighting Technologies, Energy Management Systems & Controls)
5.2.2. By Region
5.2.3. By Company (2025)
5.3. Market Map
6. NORTH AMERICA COMMERCIAL ENERGY-EFFICIENT BUILDING MARKET OUTLOOK
6.1. Market Size & Forecast
6.1.1. By Value
6.2. Market Share & Forecast
6.2.1. By Component Type
6.2.2. By Country
6.3. North America: Country Analysis
6.3.1. United States Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
6.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
6.3.1.1.1. By Value
6.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
6.3.1.2.1. By Component Type
6.3.2. Canada Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
6.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
6.3.2.1.1. By Value
6.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
6.3.2.2.1. By Component Type
6.3.3. Mexico Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
6.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
6.3.3.1.1. By Value
6.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
6.3.3.2.1. By Component Type
7. EUROPE COMMERCIAL ENERGY-EFFICIENT BUILDING MARKET OUTLOOK
7.1. Market Size & Forecast
7.1.1. By Value
7.2. Market Share & Forecast
7.2.1. By Component Type
7.2.2. By Country
7.3. Europe: Country Analysis
7.3.1. Germany Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
7.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
7.3.1.1.1. By Value
7.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
7.3.1.2.1. By Component Type
7.3.2. France Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
7.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
7.3.2.1.1. By Value
7.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
7.3.2.2.1. By Component Type
7.3.3. United Kingdom Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
7.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
7.3.3.1.1. By Value
7.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
7.3.3.2.1. By Component Type
7.3.4. Italy Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
7.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
7.3.4.1.1. By Value
7.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
7.3.4.2.1. By Component Type
7.3.5. Spain Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
7.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
7.3.5.1.1. By Value
7.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
7.3.5.2.1. By Component Type
8. ASIA PACIFIC COMMERCIAL ENERGY-EFFICIENT BUILDING MARKET OUTLOOK
8.1. Market Size & Forecast
8.1.1. By Value
8.2. Market Share & Forecast
8.2.1. By Component Type
8.2.2. By Country
8.3. Asia Pacific: Country Analysis
8.3.1. China Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
8.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
8.3.1.1.1. By Value
8.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
8.3.1.2.1. By Component Type
8.3.2. India Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
8.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
8.3.2.1.1. By Value
8.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
8.3.2.2.1. By Component Type
8.3.3. Japan Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
8.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
8.3.3.1.1. By Value
8.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
8.3.3.2.1. By Component Type
8.3.4. South Korea Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
8.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
8.3.4.1.1. By Value
8.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
8.3.4.2.1. By Component Type
8.3.5. Australia Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
8.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
8.3.5.1.1. By Value
8.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
8.3.5.2.1. By Component Type
9. MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA COMMERCIAL ENERGY-EFFICIENT BUILDING MARKET OUTLOOK
9.1. Market Size & Forecast
9.1.1. By Value
9.2. Market Share & Forecast
9.2.1. By Component Type
9.2.2. By Country
9.3. Middle East & Africa: Country Analysis
9.3.1. Saudi Arabia Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
9.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
9.3.1.1.1. By Value
9.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
9.3.1.2.1. By Component Type
9.3.2. UAE Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
9.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
9.3.2.1.1. By Value
9.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
9.3.2.2.1. By Component Type
9.3.3. South Africa Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
9.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
9.3.3.1.1. By Value
9.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
9.3.3.2.1. By Component Type
10. SOUTH AMERICA COMMERCIAL ENERGY-EFFICIENT BUILDING MARKET OUTLOOK
10.1. Market Size & Forecast
10.1.1. By Value
10.2. Market Share & Forecast
10.2.1. By Component Type
10.2.2. By Country
10.3. South America: Country Analysis
10.3.1. Brazil Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
10.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
10.3.1.1.1. By Value
10.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
10.3.1.2.1. By Component Type
10.3.2. Colombia Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
10.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
10.3.2.1.1. By Value
10.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
10.3.2.2.1. By Component Type
10.3.3. Argentina Commercial Energy-Efficient Building Market Outlook
10.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
10.3.3.1.1. By Value
10.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
10.3.3.2.1. By Component Type
11. MARKET DYNAMICS
11.1. Drivers
11.2. Challenges
12. MARKET TRENDS & DEVELOPMENTS
12.1. Merger & Acquisition (If Any)
12.2. Product Launches (If Any)
12.3. Recent Developments
13. GLOBAL COMMERCIAL ENERGY-EFFICIENT BUILDING MARKET: SWOT ANALYSIS
14. PORTER'S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
14.1. Competition in the Industry
14.2. Potential of New Entrants
14.3. Power of Suppliers
14.4. Power of Customers
14.5. Threat of Substitute Products
15. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
15.1. Cleantech Group
15.1.1. Business Overview
15.1.2. Products & Services
15.1.3. Recent Developments
15.1.4. Key Personnel
15.1.5. SWOT Analysis
15.2. Johnson Controls
15.3. Ameresco Inc.
15.4. Serious Energy Inc.
15.5. Knauf Insulation
15.6. Architectural Energy Corporation
15.7. KMC Controls Inc.
16. STRATEGIC RECOMMENDATIONS
17. ABOUT US & DISCLAIMER
