Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Market Research: Global Status & Forecast by Geography, Type & Application (2017-2027)
According to 99Strategy, the Global Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Market is estimated to reach xxx million USD in 2021 and projected to grow at the CAGR of xx% during the 2022-2027. The report analyses the global Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion market, the market size and growth, as well as the major market participants.
The analysis includes market size, upstream situation, market segmentation, market segmentation, price & cost and industry environment. In addition, the report outlines the factors driving industry growth and the description of market channels.The report begins from overview of industrial chain structure, and describes the upstream. Besides, the report analyses market size and forecast in different geographies, type and end-use segment, in addition, the report introduces market competition overview among the major companies and companies profiles, besides, market price and channel features are covered in the report.
Key Regions
The analysis includes market size, upstream situation, market segmentation, market segmentation, price & cost and industry environment. In addition, the report outlines the factors driving industry growth and the description of market channels.The report begins from overview of industrial chain structure, and describes the upstream. Besides, the report analyses market size and forecast in different geographies, type and end-use segment, in addition, the report introduces market competition overview among the major companies and companies profiles, besides, market price and channel features are covered in the report.
Key Regions
- Asia Pacific
- North America
- Europe
- South America
- Middle East & Africa
- Celanese Corporation
- The Dow Chemical Company
- Pexi Chem Private Limited.
- Tailored Chemical
- Acquos
- Wacker Chemie AG
- Xyntra Chemicals B.V
- Reagent Grade
- Industrial Grade
- Water-based Adhesives
- Non-wovens
- Paper Industry
- Coatings
- Carpet Backings
- Building and Construction Products
- Overview of the Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion market including production, consumption, status & forecast and market growth
- 2017-2021 historical data and 2022-2027 market forecast
- Geographical analysis including major countries
- Overview the product type market including development
- Overview the end-user market including development
1 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN OVERVIEW
1.1 Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Industry
1.1.1 Overview
Figure Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Picture List
1.1.2 Characteristics of Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion
1.2 Upstream
1.2.1 Major Materials
1.2.2 Manufacturing Overview
1.3 Product List By Type
1.3.1 Reagent Grade
1.3.2 Industrial Grade
1.4 End-Use List
1.4.1 Demand in Water-based Adhesives
1.4.2 Demand in Non-wovens
1.4.3 Demand in Paper Industry
1.4.4 Demand in Coatings
1.4.5 Demand in Carpet Backings
1.4.6 Demand in Building and Construction Products
1.5 Global Market Overview
1.5.1 Global Market Size and Forecast, 2017-2027
Figure Global Market Size and Forecast with Growth Rate, 2017-2027
1.5.2 Global Market Size and Forecast by Geography with CAGR, 2017-2027
Table Global Market Size and Forecast by Geography with Growth Rate, 2017-2027
1.5.3 Global Market Size and Forecast by Product Type with CAGR, 2017-2027
Table Global Market Size and Forecast by Type with Growth Rate, 2017-2027
1.5.4 Global Market Size and Forecast by End-Use with CAGR, 2017-2027
Table Global Market Size and Forecast by End-Use with Growth Rate, 2017-2027
2 GLOBAL PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION BY GEOGRAPHY
2.1 Global Production & Consumption
2.1.1 Global Production
Figure Global Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Global Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Global Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Million USD
2.1.2 Global Consumption
Figure Global Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Global Market Volume and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Global Market Amount and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Million USD
2.2 Geographic Production & Consumption
2.2.1 Production
2.2.1.1 Asia-Pacific
Figure Asia-Pacific Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Asia-Pacific Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Asia-Pacific Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Asia-Pacific Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
2.2.1.2 North America
Figure North America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table North America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure North America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table North America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
2.2.1.3 South America
Figure South America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table South America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure South America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table South America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
2.2.1.4 Europe
Figure Europe Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Europe Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Europe Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Europe Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
2.2.1.5 Middle East & Africa
Figure Middle East & Africa Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Middle East & Africa Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Middle East & Africa Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Middle East & Africa Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
2.2.2 Consumption
2.2.2.1 Asia-Pacific
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Asia-Pacific Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Asia-Pacific Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
2.2.2.2 North America
Figure North America Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table North America Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure North America Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table North America Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
2.2.2.3 South America
Figure South America Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table South America Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure South America Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table South America Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
2.2.2.4 Europe
Figure Europe Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Europe Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Europe Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Europe Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
2.2.2.5 Middle East & Africa
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Middle East & Africa Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Middle East & Africa Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
3 MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION
3.1 Manufacturers Overview
Table Major Manufacturers Headquarters and Contact Information
Table Major Manufacturers Capacity List in 2021
3.2 Manufacturers List
3.2.1 Celanese Corporation Overview
Table Celanese Corporation Overview List
3.2.1.1 Product Specifications
3.2.1.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Business Operation of Celanese Corporation (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
3.2.1.3 Recent Developments
3.2.1.4 Future Strategic Planning
3.2.2 The Dow Chemical Company Overview
Table The Dow Chemical Company Overview List
3.2.2.1 Product Specifications
3.2.2.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Business Operation of The Dow Chemical Company (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
3.2.2.3 Recent Developments
3.2.2.4 Future Strategic Planning
3.2.3 Pexi Chem Private Limited. Overview
Table Pexi Chem Private Limited. Overview List
3.2.3.1 Product Specifications
3.2.3.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Business Operation of Pexi Chem Private Limited. (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
3.2.3.3 Recent Developments
3.2.3.4 Future Strategic Planning
3.2.4 Tailored Chemical Overview
Table Tailored Chemical Overview List
3.2.4.1 Product Specifications
3.2.4.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Business Operation of Tailored Chemical (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
3.2.4.3 Recent Developments
3.2.4.4 Future Strategic Planning
3.2.5 Acquos Overview
Table Acquos Overview List
3.2.5.1 Product Specifications
3.2.5.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Business Operation of Acquos (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
3.2.5.3 Recent Developments
3.2.5.4 Future Strategic Planning
3.2.6 Wacker Chemie AG Overview
Table Wacker Chemie AG Overview List
3.2.6.1 Product Specifications
3.2.6.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Business Operation of Wacker Chemie AG (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
3.2.6.3 Recent Developments
3.2.6.4 Future Strategic Planning
3.2.7 Xyntra Chemicals B.V Overview
Table Xyntra Chemicals B.V Overview List
3.2.7.1 Product Specifications
3.2.7.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Business Operation of Xyntra Chemicals B.V (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
3.2.7.3 Recent Developments
3.2.7.4 Future Strategic Planning
4 MARKET COMPETITION PATTERN
4.1 Market Size and Sketch
Figure Global Market Size and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Market Size and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure Global Competition Sketch Overview
4.2 Company Market Share
4.2.1 Global Production by Major Manufacturers
Table Global Production Volume List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Global Production Volume Share List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Production Volume Share by Manufacturers in 2021, in Volume
Table Global Production Amount List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Global Production Amount Share List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure Global Production Amount Share by Manufacturers in 2021, in Million USD
4.2.2 Market Concentration Analysis
4.3 Market News and Trend
4.3.1 Merger & Acquisition
4.3.2 New Product Launch
5 PRODUCT TYPE SEGMENT
5.1 Global Overview by Product Type Segment
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by Product Type Segment, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by Product Type Segment 2017-2021, in Volume
5.2 Segment Subdivision by Product Type
5.2.1 Market in Reagent Grade
5.2.1.1 Market Size
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Reagent Grade , 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Reagent Grade , 2017-2021, in Volume
5.2.1.2 Situation & Development
5.2.2 Market in Industrial Grade
5.2.2.1 Market Size
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Industrial Grade, 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Industrial Grade, 2017-2021, in Volume
5.2.2.2 Situation & Development
6 END-USE SEGMENT
6.1 Global Overview by End-Use Segment
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by End-Use Segment, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by End-Use Segment 2017-2021, in Volume
6.2 Segment Subdivision
6.2.1 Market in Water-based Adhesives
6.2.1.1 Market Size
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Water-based Adhesives , 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Water-based Adhesives , 2017-2021, in Volume
6.2.1.2 Situation & Development
6.2.2 Market in Non-wovens
6.2.2.1 Market Size
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Non-wovens , 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Non-wovens , 2017-2021, in Volume
6.2.2.2 Situation & Development
6.2.3 Market in Paper Industry
6.2.3.1 Market Size
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Paper Industry , 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Paper Industry , 2017-2021, in Volume
6.2.3.2 Situation & Development
6.2.4 Market in Coatings
6.2.4.1 Market Size
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Coatings , 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Coatings , 2017-2021, in Volume
6.2.4.2 Situation & Development
6.2.5 Market in Carpet Backings
6.2.5.1 Market Size
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Carpet Backings , 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Carpet Backings , 2017-2021, in Volume
6.2.5.2 Situation & Development
6.2.6 Market in Building and Construction Products
6.2.6.1 Market Size
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Building and Construction Products, 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Building and Construction Products, 2017-2021, in Volume
6.2.6.2 Situation & Development
7 MARKET FORECAST & TREND
7.1 Regional Forecast
Table Global Market Forecast by Region Segment 2022-2027, in Million USD
Table Global Market Forecast by Region Segment 2022-2027, in Volume
7.2 Consumption Forecast
7.2.1 Product Type Forecast
Table Global Market Amount by Product Type Segment 2022-2027, in Million USD
Table Global Market Volume by Product Type Segment 2022-2027, in Volume
7.2.2 End-Use Forecast
Table Global Market Amount by End-Use Segment 2022-2027, in Million USD
Table Global Market Volume by End-Use Segment 2022-2027, in Volume
7.3 Investment Trend
7.4 Consumption Trend
8 PRICE & CHANNEL
8.1 Price and Cost
8.1.1 Price
8.1.2 Cost
Figure Cost Component Ratio
8.2 Channel Segment
9 MARKET DRIVERS & INVESTMENT ENVIRONMENT
9.1 Market Drivers
9.2 Investment Environment
9.3 Impact of Coronavirus on the Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Industry
9.3.1 Impact on Industry Upstream
9.3.2 Impact on Industry Downstream
9.3.3 Impact on Industry Channels
9.3.4 Impact on Industry Competition
9.3.5 Impact on Industry Employment
10 RESEARCH CONCLUSION
1.1 Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Industry
1.1.1 Overview
Figure Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Picture List
1.1.2 Characteristics of Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion
1.2 Upstream
1.2.1 Major Materials
1.2.2 Manufacturing Overview
1.3 Product List By Type
1.3.1 Reagent Grade
1.3.2 Industrial Grade
1.4 End-Use List
1.4.1 Demand in Water-based Adhesives
1.4.2 Demand in Non-wovens
1.4.3 Demand in Paper Industry
1.4.4 Demand in Coatings
1.4.5 Demand in Carpet Backings
1.4.6 Demand in Building and Construction Products
1.5 Global Market Overview
1.5.1 Global Market Size and Forecast, 2017-2027
Figure Global Market Size and Forecast with Growth Rate, 2017-2027
1.5.2 Global Market Size and Forecast by Geography with CAGR, 2017-2027
Table Global Market Size and Forecast by Geography with Growth Rate, 2017-2027
1.5.3 Global Market Size and Forecast by Product Type with CAGR, 2017-2027
Table Global Market Size and Forecast by Type with Growth Rate, 2017-2027
1.5.4 Global Market Size and Forecast by End-Use with CAGR, 2017-2027
Table Global Market Size and Forecast by End-Use with Growth Rate, 2017-2027
2 GLOBAL PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION BY GEOGRAPHY
2.1 Global Production & Consumption
2.1.1 Global Production
Figure Global Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Global Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Global Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Million USD
2.1.2 Global Consumption
Figure Global Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Global Market Volume and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Global Market Amount and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Million USD
2.2 Geographic Production & Consumption
2.2.1 Production
2.2.1.1 Asia-Pacific
Figure Asia-Pacific Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Asia-Pacific Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Asia-Pacific Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Asia-Pacific Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
2.2.1.2 North America
Figure North America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table North America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure North America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table North America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
2.2.1.3 South America
Figure South America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table South America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure South America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table South America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
2.2.1.4 Europe
Figure Europe Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Europe Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Europe Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Europe Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
2.2.1.5 Middle East & Africa
Figure Middle East & Africa Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Middle East & Africa Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Middle East & Africa Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Middle East & Africa Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
2.2.2 Consumption
2.2.2.1 Asia-Pacific
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Asia-Pacific Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Asia-Pacific Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
2.2.2.2 North America
Figure North America Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table North America Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure North America Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table North America Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
2.2.2.3 South America
Figure South America Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table South America Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure South America Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table South America Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
2.2.2.4 Europe
Figure Europe Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Europe Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Europe Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Europe Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
2.2.2.5 Middle East & Africa
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Middle East & Africa Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Middle East & Africa Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
3 MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION
3.1 Manufacturers Overview
Table Major Manufacturers Headquarters and Contact Information
Table Major Manufacturers Capacity List in 2021
3.2 Manufacturers List
3.2.1 Celanese Corporation Overview
Table Celanese Corporation Overview List
3.2.1.1 Product Specifications
3.2.1.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Business Operation of Celanese Corporation (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
3.2.1.3 Recent Developments
3.2.1.4 Future Strategic Planning
3.2.2 The Dow Chemical Company Overview
Table The Dow Chemical Company Overview List
3.2.2.1 Product Specifications
3.2.2.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Business Operation of The Dow Chemical Company (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
3.2.2.3 Recent Developments
3.2.2.4 Future Strategic Planning
3.2.3 Pexi Chem Private Limited. Overview
Table Pexi Chem Private Limited. Overview List
3.2.3.1 Product Specifications
3.2.3.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Business Operation of Pexi Chem Private Limited. (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
3.2.3.3 Recent Developments
3.2.3.4 Future Strategic Planning
3.2.4 Tailored Chemical Overview
Table Tailored Chemical Overview List
3.2.4.1 Product Specifications
3.2.4.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Business Operation of Tailored Chemical (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
3.2.4.3 Recent Developments
3.2.4.4 Future Strategic Planning
3.2.5 Acquos Overview
Table Acquos Overview List
3.2.5.1 Product Specifications
3.2.5.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Business Operation of Acquos (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
3.2.5.3 Recent Developments
3.2.5.4 Future Strategic Planning
3.2.6 Wacker Chemie AG Overview
Table Wacker Chemie AG Overview List
3.2.6.1 Product Specifications
3.2.6.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Business Operation of Wacker Chemie AG (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
3.2.6.3 Recent Developments
3.2.6.4 Future Strategic Planning
3.2.7 Xyntra Chemicals B.V Overview
Table Xyntra Chemicals B.V Overview List
3.2.7.1 Product Specifications
3.2.7.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Business Operation of Xyntra Chemicals B.V (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
3.2.7.3 Recent Developments
3.2.7.4 Future Strategic Planning
4 MARKET COMPETITION PATTERN
4.1 Market Size and Sketch
Figure Global Market Size and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Market Size and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure Global Competition Sketch Overview
4.2 Company Market Share
4.2.1 Global Production by Major Manufacturers
Table Global Production Volume List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Global Production Volume Share List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Production Volume Share by Manufacturers in 2021, in Volume
Table Global Production Amount List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Global Production Amount Share List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure Global Production Amount Share by Manufacturers in 2021, in Million USD
4.2.2 Market Concentration Analysis
4.3 Market News and Trend
4.3.1 Merger & Acquisition
4.3.2 New Product Launch
5 PRODUCT TYPE SEGMENT
5.1 Global Overview by Product Type Segment
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by Product Type Segment, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by Product Type Segment 2017-2021, in Volume
5.2 Segment Subdivision by Product Type
5.2.1 Market in Reagent Grade
5.2.1.1 Market Size
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Reagent Grade , 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Reagent Grade , 2017-2021, in Volume
5.2.1.2 Situation & Development
5.2.2 Market in Industrial Grade
5.2.2.1 Market Size
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Industrial Grade, 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Industrial Grade, 2017-2021, in Volume
5.2.2.2 Situation & Development
6 END-USE SEGMENT
6.1 Global Overview by End-Use Segment
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by End-Use Segment, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by End-Use Segment 2017-2021, in Volume
6.2 Segment Subdivision
6.2.1 Market in Water-based Adhesives
6.2.1.1 Market Size
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Water-based Adhesives , 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Water-based Adhesives , 2017-2021, in Volume
6.2.1.2 Situation & Development
6.2.2 Market in Non-wovens
6.2.2.1 Market Size
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Non-wovens , 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Non-wovens , 2017-2021, in Volume
6.2.2.2 Situation & Development
6.2.3 Market in Paper Industry
6.2.3.1 Market Size
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Paper Industry , 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Paper Industry , 2017-2021, in Volume
6.2.3.2 Situation & Development
6.2.4 Market in Coatings
6.2.4.1 Market Size
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Coatings , 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Coatings , 2017-2021, in Volume
6.2.4.2 Situation & Development
6.2.5 Market in Carpet Backings
6.2.5.1 Market Size
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Carpet Backings , 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Carpet Backings , 2017-2021, in Volume
6.2.5.2 Situation & Development
6.2.6 Market in Building and Construction Products
6.2.6.1 Market Size
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Building and Construction Products, 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Building and Construction Products, 2017-2021, in Volume
6.2.6.2 Situation & Development
7 MARKET FORECAST & TREND
7.1 Regional Forecast
Table Global Market Forecast by Region Segment 2022-2027, in Million USD
Table Global Market Forecast by Region Segment 2022-2027, in Volume
7.2 Consumption Forecast
7.2.1 Product Type Forecast
Table Global Market Amount by Product Type Segment 2022-2027, in Million USD
Table Global Market Volume by Product Type Segment 2022-2027, in Volume
7.2.2 End-Use Forecast
Table Global Market Amount by End-Use Segment 2022-2027, in Million USD
Table Global Market Volume by End-Use Segment 2022-2027, in Volume
7.3 Investment Trend
7.4 Consumption Trend
8 PRICE & CHANNEL
8.1 Price and Cost
8.1.1 Price
8.1.2 Cost
Figure Cost Component Ratio
8.2 Channel Segment
9 MARKET DRIVERS & INVESTMENT ENVIRONMENT
9.1 Market Drivers
9.2 Investment Environment
9.3 Impact of Coronavirus on the Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Industry
9.3.1 Impact on Industry Upstream
9.3.2 Impact on Industry Downstream
9.3.3 Impact on Industry Channels
9.3.4 Impact on Industry Competition
9.3.5 Impact on Industry Employment
10 RESEARCH CONCLUSION
LIST OF TABLES
Table Global Market Size and Forecast by Geography with Growth Rate, 2017-2027
Table Global Market Size and Forecast by Type with Growth Rate, 2017-2027
Table Global Market Size and Forecast by End-Use with Growth Rate, 2017-2027
Table Global Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Global Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Global Market Volume and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Global Market Amount and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Asia-Pacific Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Asia-Pacific Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table North America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table North America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table South America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table South America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Europe Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Europe Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Middle East & Africa Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Middle East & Africa Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Asia-Pacific Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Asia-Pacific Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table North America Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table North America Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table South America Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table South America Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Europe Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Europe Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Middle East & Africa Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Middle East & Africa Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Major Manufacturers Headquarters and Contact Information
Table Major Manufacturers Capacity List in 2021
Table Celanese Corporation Overview List
Table Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Business Operation of Celanese Corporation (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table The Dow Chemical Company Overview List
Table Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Business Operation of The Dow Chemical Company (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Pexi Chem Private Limited. Overview List
Table Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Business Operation of Pexi Chem Private Limited. (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Tailored Chemical Overview List
Table Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Business Operation of Tailored Chemical (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Acquos Overview List
Table Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Business Operation of Acquos (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Wacker Chemie AG Overview List
Table Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Business Operation of Wacker Chemie AG (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Xyntra Chemicals B.V Overview List
Table Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Business Operation of Xyntra Chemicals B.V (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Global Production Volume List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Global Production Volume Share List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Global Production Amount List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Global Production Amount Share List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by Product Type Segment, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by Product Type Segment 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by End-Use Segment, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by End-Use Segment 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Global Market Forecast by Region Segment 2022-2027, in Million USD
Table Global Market Forecast by Region Segment 2022-2027, in Volume
Table Global Market Amount by Product Type Segment 2022-2027, in Million USD
Table Global Market Volume by Product Type Segment 2022-2027, in Volume
Table Global Market Amount by End-Use Segment 2022-2027, in Million USD
Table Global Market Volume by End-Use Segment 2022-2027, in Volume
Table Global Market Size and Forecast by Geography with Growth Rate, 2017-2027
Table Global Market Size and Forecast by Type with Growth Rate, 2017-2027
Table Global Market Size and Forecast by End-Use with Growth Rate, 2017-2027
Table Global Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Global Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Global Market Volume and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Global Market Amount and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Asia-Pacific Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Asia-Pacific Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table North America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table North America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table South America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table South America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Europe Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Europe Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Middle East & Africa Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Middle East & Africa Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Asia-Pacific Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Asia-Pacific Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table North America Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table North America Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table South America Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table South America Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Europe Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Europe Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Middle East & Africa Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Middle East & Africa Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Major Manufacturers Headquarters and Contact Information
Table Major Manufacturers Capacity List in 2021
Table Celanese Corporation Overview List
Table Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Business Operation of Celanese Corporation (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table The Dow Chemical Company Overview List
Table Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Business Operation of The Dow Chemical Company (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Pexi Chem Private Limited. Overview List
Table Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Business Operation of Pexi Chem Private Limited. (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Tailored Chemical Overview List
Table Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Business Operation of Tailored Chemical (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Acquos Overview List
Table Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Business Operation of Acquos (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Wacker Chemie AG Overview List
Table Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Business Operation of Wacker Chemie AG (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Xyntra Chemicals B.V Overview List
Table Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Business Operation of Xyntra Chemicals B.V (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Global Production Volume List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Global Production Volume Share List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Global Production Amount List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Global Production Amount Share List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by Product Type Segment, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by Product Type Segment 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by End-Use Segment, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by End-Use Segment 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Global Market Forecast by Region Segment 2022-2027, in Million USD
Table Global Market Forecast by Region Segment 2022-2027, in Volume
Table Global Market Amount by Product Type Segment 2022-2027, in Million USD
Table Global Market Volume by Product Type Segment 2022-2027, in Volume
Table Global Market Amount by End-Use Segment 2022-2027, in Million USD
Table Global Market Volume by End-Use Segment 2022-2027, in Volume
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Picture List
Figure Global Market Size and Forecast with Growth Rate, 2017-2027
Figure Global Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure Global Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure Asia-Pacific Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Asia-Pacific Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure North America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure North America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure South America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure South America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure Europe Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Europe Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure Middle East & Africa Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Middle East & Africa Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure North America Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure North America Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure South America Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure South America Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure Europe Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Europe Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure Global Market Size and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Market Size and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure Global Competition Sketch Overview
Figure Global Production Volume Share by Manufacturers in 2021, in Volume
Figure Global Production Amount Share by Manufacturers in 2021, in Million USD
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Reagent Grade , 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Reagent Grade , 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Industrial Grade, 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Industrial Grade, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Water-based Adhesives , 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Water-based Adhesives , 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Non-wovens , 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Non-wovens , 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Paper Industry , 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Paper Industry , 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Coatings , 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Coatings , 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Carpet Backings , 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Carpet Backings , 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Building and Construction Products, 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Building and Construction Products, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Cost Component Ratio
Figure Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer Emulsion Picture List
Figure Global Market Size and Forecast with Growth Rate, 2017-2027
Figure Global Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure Global Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure Asia-Pacific Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Asia-Pacific Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure North America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure North America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure South America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure South America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure Europe Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Europe Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure Middle East & Africa Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Middle East & Africa Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure North America Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure North America Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure South America Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure South America Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure Europe Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Europe Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure Global Market Size and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Market Size and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure Global Competition Sketch Overview
Figure Global Production Volume Share by Manufacturers in 2021, in Volume
Figure Global Production Amount Share by Manufacturers in 2021, in Million USD
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Reagent Grade , 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Reagent Grade , 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Industrial Grade, 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Industrial Grade, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Water-based Adhesives , 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Water-based Adhesives , 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Non-wovens , 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Non-wovens , 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Paper Industry , 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Paper Industry , 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Coatings , 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Coatings , 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Carpet Backings , 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Carpet Backings , 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Building and Construction Products, 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Building and Construction Products, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Cost Component Ratio
