United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Market Report 2018

March 2018 | 111 pages | ID: U1A93A249A6EN
QYResearch

Abstracts

In this report, the United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive market is valued at USD XX million in 2017 and is expected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2017 and 2025.

Geographically, this report splits the United States market into seven regions:

• The West
• Southwest
• The Middle Atlantic
• New England
• The South
• The Midwest
• with sales (volume), revenue (value), market share and growth rate of High-Strength Medical Adhesive in these regions, from 2013 to 2025 (forecast).

United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive market competition by top manufacturers/players, with High-Strength Medical Adhesive sales volume, price, revenue (Million USD) and market share for each manufacturer/player; the top players including

• Abbott Laboratories
• BD
• bioMerieux
• Bio-Rad Laboratories
• Thermo Fisher Scientific
• Beckman Coulter
• Fenwal
• Fresenius Kabi
• Grifols International
• Haemonetics
• Immucor
• Macopharma
• Roche
• Stago

On the basis of product, this report displays the production, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into

• Soft Tissue Medical Adhesive
• Hard Tissue Adhesive
• Hard Tissue Adhesive

On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate for each application, including

• Hospital
• Clinic

If you have any special requirements, please let us know and we will offer you the report as you want.

Contents

United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Market Report 2018

1 HIGH-STRENGTH MEDICAL ADHESIVE OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of High-Strength Medical Adhesive
1.2 Classification of High-Strength Medical Adhesive by Product Category
  1.2.1 United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Market Size (Sales Volume) Comparison by Type (2013-2025)
  1.2.2 United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Market Size (Sales Volume) Market Share by Type (Product Category) in 2017
  1.2.3 Soft Tissue Medical Adhesive
  1.2.4 Hard Tissue Adhesive
  1.2.5 Hard Tissue Adhesive
1.3 United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Market by Application/End Users
  1.3.1 United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Market Size (Consumption) and Market Share Comparison by Application (2013-2025)
  1.3.2 Hospital
  1.3.3 Clinic
1.4 United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Market by Region
  1.4.1 United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Market Size (Value) Comparison by Region (2013-2025)
  1.4.2 The West High-Strength Medical Adhesive Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.3 Southwest High-Strength Medical Adhesive Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.4 The Middle Atlantic High-Strength Medical Adhesive Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.5 New England High-Strength Medical Adhesive Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.6 The South High-Strength Medical Adhesive Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.7 The Midwest High-Strength Medical Adhesive Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
1.5 United States Market Size (Value and Volume) of High-Strength Medical Adhesive (2013-2025)
  1.5.1 United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
  1.5.2 United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2025)

2 UNITED STATES HIGH-STRENGTH MEDICAL ADHESIVE MARKET COMPETITION BY PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS

2.1 United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales and Market Share of Key Players/Suppliers (2013-2018)
2.2 United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Revenue and Share by Players/Suppliers (2013-2018)
2.3 United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Average Price by Players/Suppliers (2013-2018)
2.4 United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Market Competitive Situation and Trends
  2.4.1 United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Market Concentration Rate
  2.4.2 United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Players/Suppliers
  2.4.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion in United States Market
2.5 United States Players/Suppliers High-Strength Medical Adhesive Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area, Product Type

3 UNITED STATES HIGH-STRENGTH MEDICAL ADHESIVE SALES (VOLUME) AND REVENUE (VALUE) BY REGION (2013-2018)

3.1 United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales and Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
3.2 United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Revenue and Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
3.3 United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Price by Region (2013-2018)

4 UNITED STATES HIGH-STRENGTH MEDICAL ADHESIVE SALES (VOLUME) AND REVENUE (VALUE) BY TYPE (PRODUCT CATEGORY) (2013-2018)

4.1 United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales and Market Share by Type (Product Category) (2013-2018)
4.2 United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Revenue and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
4.3 United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Price by Type (2013-2018)
4.4 United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Growth Rate by Type (2013-2018)

5 UNITED STATES HIGH-STRENGTH MEDICAL ADHESIVE SALES (VOLUME) BY APPLICATION (2013-2018)

5.1 United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales and Market Share by Application (2013-2018)
5.2 United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Growth Rate by Application (2013-2018)
5.3 Market Drivers and Opportunities

6 UNITED STATES HIGH-STRENGTH MEDICAL ADHESIVE PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS PROFILES AND SALES DATA

6.1 Abbott Laboratories
  6.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.1.2 High-Strength Medical Adhesive Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.1.2.1 Product A
    6.1.2.2 Product B
  6.1.3 Abbott Laboratories High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.2 BD
  6.2.2 High-Strength Medical Adhesive Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.2.2.1 Product A
    6.2.2.2 Product B
  6.2.3 BD High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.3 bioMerieux
  6.3.2 High-Strength Medical Adhesive Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.3.2.1 Product A
    6.3.2.2 Product B
  6.3.3 bioMerieux High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.4 Bio-Rad Laboratories
  6.4.2 High-Strength Medical Adhesive Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.4.2.1 Product A
    6.4.2.2 Product B
  6.4.3 Bio-Rad Laboratories High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.5 Thermo Fisher Scientific
  6.5.2 High-Strength Medical Adhesive Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.5.2.1 Product A
    6.5.2.2 Product B
  6.5.3 Thermo Fisher Scientific High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.6 Beckman Coulter
  6.6.2 High-Strength Medical Adhesive Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.6.2.1 Product A
    6.6.2.2 Product B
  6.6.3 Beckman Coulter High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.7 Fenwal
  6.7.2 High-Strength Medical Adhesive Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.7.2.1 Product A
    6.7.2.2 Product B
  6.7.3 Fenwal High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.8 Fresenius Kabi
  6.8.2 High-Strength Medical Adhesive Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.8.2.1 Product A
    6.8.2.2 Product B
  6.8.3 Fresenius Kabi High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.9 Grifols International
  6.9.2 High-Strength Medical Adhesive Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.9.2.1 Product A
    6.9.2.2 Product B
  6.9.3 Grifols International High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.10 Haemonetics
  6.10.2 High-Strength Medical Adhesive Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.10.2.1 Product A
    6.10.2.2 Product B
  6.10.3 Haemonetics High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.11 Immucor
6.12 Macopharma
6.13 Roche
6.14 Stago

7 HIGH-STRENGTH MEDICAL ADHESIVE MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

7.1 High-Strength Medical Adhesive Key Raw Materials Analysis
  7.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  7.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  7.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  7.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
7.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  7.2.1 Raw Materials
  7.2.2 Labor Cost
  7.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
7.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of High-Strength Medical Adhesive

8 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

8.1 High-Strength Medical Adhesive Industrial Chain Analysis
8.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
8.3 Raw Materials Sources of High-Strength Medical Adhesive Major Manufacturers in 2017
8.4 Downstream Buyers

9 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

9.1 Marketing Channel
  9.1.1 Direct Marketing
  9.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  9.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
9.2 Market Positioning
  9.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  9.2.2 Brand Strategy
  9.2.3 Target Client
9.3 Distributors/Traders List

10 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

10.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  10.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  10.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
10.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
10.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

11 UNITED STATES HIGH-STRENGTH MEDICAL ADHESIVE MARKET SIZE (VALUE AND VOLUME) FORECAST (2018-2025)

11.1 United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Volume, Revenue Forecast (2018-2025)
11.2 United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Volume Forecast by Type (2018-2025)
11.3 United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Volume Forecast by Application (2018-2025)
11.4 United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Volume Forecast by Region (2018-2025)

12 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

13 APPENDIX

13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
  13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
  13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
  13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
  13.2.1 Secondary Sources
  13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Disclaimer

The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Product Picture of High-Strength Medical Adhesive
Figure United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Market Size (K Units) by Type (2013-2025)
Figure United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Volume Market Share by Type (Product Category) in 2017
Figure Soft Tissue Medical Adhesive Product Picture
Figure Hard Tissue Adhesive Product Picture
Figure Hard Tissue Adhesive Product Picture
Figure United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Market Size (K Units) by Application (2013-2025)
Figure United States Sales Market Share of High-Strength Medical Adhesive by Application in 2017
Figure Hospital Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Hospital
Figure Clinic Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Clinic
Figure United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Market Size (Million USD) by Region (2013-2025)
Figure The West High-Strength Medical Adhesive Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure Southwest High-Strength Medical Adhesive Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure The Middle Atlantic High-Strength Medical Adhesive Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure New England High-Strength Medical Adhesive Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure The South of US High-Strength Medical Adhesive Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure The Midwest High-Strength Medical Adhesive Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Market Major Players Product Sales Volume (K Units) (2013-2018)
Table United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales (K Units) of Key Players/Suppliers (2013-2018)
Table United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Share by Players/Suppliers (2013-2018)
Figure 2017 United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Share by Players/Suppliers
Figure 2017 United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Share by Players/Suppliers
Figure United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Market Major Players Product Revenue (Million USD) (2013-2018)
Table United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Revenue (Million USD) by Players/Suppliers (2013-2018)
Table United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers (2013-2018)
Figure 2017 United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers
Figure 2017 United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers
Table United States Market High-Strength Medical Adhesive Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Players/Suppliers (2013-2018)
Figure United States Market High-Strength Medical Adhesive Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Players/Suppliers in 2017
Figure United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Market Share of Top 3 Players/Suppliers
Figure United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Market Share of Top 5 Players/Suppliers
Table United States Players/Suppliers High-Strength Medical Adhesive Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area
Table United States Players/Suppliers High-Strength Medical Adhesive Product Category
Table United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales (K Units) by Region (2013-2018)
Table United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Share by Region (2013-2018)
Figure United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Share by Region (2013-2018)
Figure United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Market Share by Region in 2017
Table United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
Table United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Revenue Share by Region (2013-2018)
Figure United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Revenue Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
Figure United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Revenue Market Share by Region in 2017
Table United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Price (USD/Unit) by Region (2013-2018)
Table United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales (K Units) by Type (2013-2018)
Table United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Share by Type (2013-2018)
Figure United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Share by Type (2013-2018)
Figure United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Market Share by Type in 2017
Table United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
Table United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Revenue Share by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Revenue Market Share of High-Strength Medical Adhesive by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Revenue Market Share of High-Strength Medical Adhesive by Type in 2017
Table United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Price (USD/Unit) by Types (2013-2018)
Figure United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Growth Rate by Type (2013-2018)
Table United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales (K Units) by Application (2013-2018)
Table United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Market Share by Application (2013-2018)
Figure United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Market Share by Application (2013-2018)
Figure United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Market Share by Application in 2017
Table United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Growth Rate by Application (2013-2018)
Figure United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Growth Rate by Application (2013-2018)
Table Abbott Laboratories Basic Information List
Table Abbott Laboratories High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure Abbott Laboratories High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Abbott Laboratories High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure Abbott Laboratories High-Strength Medical Adhesive Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table BD Basic Information List
Table BD High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure BD High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure BD High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure BD High-Strength Medical Adhesive Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table bioMerieux Basic Information List
Table bioMerieux High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure bioMerieux High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure bioMerieux High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure bioMerieux High-Strength Medical Adhesive Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table Bio-Rad Laboratories Basic Information List
Table Bio-Rad Laboratories High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure Bio-Rad Laboratories High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Bio-Rad Laboratories High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure Bio-Rad Laboratories High-Strength Medical Adhesive Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table Thermo Fisher Scientific Basic Information List
Table Thermo Fisher Scientific High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure Thermo Fisher Scientific High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Thermo Fisher Scientific High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure Thermo Fisher Scientific High-Strength Medical Adhesive Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table Beckman Coulter Basic Information List
Table Beckman Coulter High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure Beckman Coulter High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Beckman Coulter High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure Beckman Coulter High-Strength Medical Adhesive Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table Fenwal Basic Information List
Table Fenwal High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure Fenwal High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Fenwal High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure Fenwal High-Strength Medical Adhesive Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table Fresenius Kabi Basic Information List
Table Fresenius Kabi High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure Fresenius Kabi High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Fresenius Kabi High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure Fresenius Kabi High-Strength Medical Adhesive Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table Grifols International Basic Information List
Table Grifols International High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure Grifols International High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Grifols International High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure Grifols International High-Strength Medical Adhesive Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table Haemonetics Basic Information List
Table Haemonetics High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure Haemonetics High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Haemonetics High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure Haemonetics High-Strength Medical Adhesive Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table Immucor Basic Information List
Table Macopharma Basic Information List
Table Roche Basic Information List
Table Stago Basic Information List
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of High-Strength Medical Adhesive
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of High-Strength Medical Adhesive
Figure High-Strength Medical Adhesive Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of High-Strength Medical Adhesive Major Players/Suppliers in 2017
Table Major Buyers of High-Strength Medical Adhesive
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Volume (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2025)
Figure United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2025)
Figure United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Price (USD/Unit) Trend Forecast (2018-2025)
Table United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Type (2018-2025)
Figure United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Type (2018-2025)
Figure United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Type in 2025
Table United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Application (2018-2025)
Figure United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Application (2018-2025)
Figure United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Application in 2025
Table United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Region (2018-2025)
Table United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region (2018-2025)
Figure United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region (2018-2025)
Figure United States High-Strength Medical Adhesive Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region in 2025
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources