United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Market Report 2018

February 2018 | 101 pages | ID: UD148CC1318EN
QYResearch

Abstracts

In this report, the United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers market is valued at USD XX million in 2017 and is expected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2017 and 2025.

Geographically, this report splits the United States market into seven regions:

• The West
• Southwest
• The Middle Atlantic
• New England
• The South
• The Midwest
• with sales (volume), revenue (value), market share and growth rate of Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers in these regions, from 2013 to 2025 (forecast).

United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers market competition by top manufacturers/players, with Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers sales volume, price, revenue (Million USD) and market share for each manufacturer/player; the top players including

• BOSI TOOLS
• OPT
• JETECH TOOL
• GEM YEAR
• EKF
• BRITX
• SATA
• STANLEY
• Keiba

On the basis of product, this report displays the production, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into

• Adjustable End Wire Strippers
• Automatic Wire Strippers
• Multi-function Wire Strippers
• Others

On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate for each application, including

• Electrician
• Motor Repair
• Instrument Repair
• Other

If you have any special requirements, please let us know and we will offer you the report as you want.

Contents

United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Market Report 2018

1 EXPLOSION-PROOF STRIPPING PLIERS OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers
1.2 Classification of Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers by Product Category
  1.2.1 United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Market Size (Sales Volume) Comparison by Type (2013-2025)
  1.2.2 United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Market Size (Sales Volume) Market Share by Type (Product Category) in 2017
  1.2.3 Adjustable End Wire Strippers
  1.2.4 Automatic Wire Strippers
  1.2.5 Multi-function Wire Strippers
  1.2.6 Others
1.3 United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Market by Application/End Users
  1.3.1 United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Market Size (Consumption) and Market Share Comparison by Application (2013-2025)
  1.3.2 Electrician
  1.3.3 Motor Repair
  1.3.4 Instrument Repair
  1.3.5 Other
1.4 United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Market by Region
  1.4.1 United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Market Size (Value) Comparison by Region (2013-2025)
  1.4.2 The West Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.3 Southwest Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.4 The Middle Atlantic Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.5 New England Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.6 The South Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.7 The Midwest Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
1.5 United States Market Size (Value and Volume) of Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers (2013-2025)
  1.5.1 United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
  1.5.2 United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2025)

2 UNITED STATES EXPLOSION-PROOF STRIPPING PLIERS MARKET COMPETITION BY PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS

2.1 United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales and Market Share of Key Players/Suppliers (2013-2018)
2.2 United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Revenue and Share by Players/Suppliers (2013-2018)
2.3 United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Average Price by Players/Suppliers (2013-2018)
2.4 United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Market Competitive Situation and Trends
  2.4.1 United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Market Concentration Rate
  2.4.2 United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Players/Suppliers
  2.4.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion in United States Market
2.5 United States Players/Suppliers Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area, Product Type

3 UNITED STATES EXPLOSION-PROOF STRIPPING PLIERS SALES (VOLUME) AND REVENUE (VALUE) BY REGION (2013-2018)

3.1 United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales and Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
3.2 United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Revenue and Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
3.3 United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Price by Region (2013-2018)

4 UNITED STATES EXPLOSION-PROOF STRIPPING PLIERS SALES (VOLUME) AND REVENUE (VALUE) BY TYPE (PRODUCT CATEGORY) (2013-2018)

4.1 United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales and Market Share by Type (Product Category) (2013-2018)
4.2 United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Revenue and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
4.3 United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Price by Type (2013-2018)
4.4 United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Growth Rate by Type (2013-2018)

5 UNITED STATES EXPLOSION-PROOF STRIPPING PLIERS SALES (VOLUME) BY APPLICATION (2013-2018)

5.1 United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales and Market Share by Application (2013-2018)
5.2 United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Growth Rate by Application (2013-2018)
5.3 Market Drivers and Opportunities

6 UNITED STATES EXPLOSION-PROOF STRIPPING PLIERS PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS PROFILES AND SALES DATA

6.1 BOSI TOOLS
  6.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.1.2 Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.1.2.1 Product A
    6.1.2.2 Product B
  6.1.3 BOSI TOOLS Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.2 OPT
  6.2.2 Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.2.2.1 Product A
    6.2.2.2 Product B
  6.2.3 OPT Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.3 JETECH TOOL
  6.3.2 Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.3.2.1 Product A
    6.3.2.2 Product B
  6.3.3 JETECH TOOL Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.4 GEM YEAR
  6.4.2 Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.4.2.1 Product A
    6.4.2.2 Product B
  6.4.3 GEM YEAR Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.5 EKF
  6.5.2 Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.5.2.1 Product A
    6.5.2.2 Product B
  6.5.3 EKF Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.6 BRITX
  6.6.2 Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.6.2.1 Product A
    6.6.2.2 Product B
  6.6.3 BRITX Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.7 SATA
  6.7.2 Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.7.2.1 Product A
    6.7.2.2 Product B
  6.7.3 SATA Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.8 STANLEY
  6.8.2 Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.8.2.1 Product A
    6.8.2.2 Product B
  6.8.3 STANLEY Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.9 Keiba
  6.9.2 Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.9.2.1 Product A
    6.9.2.2 Product B
  6.9.3 Keiba Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview

7 EXPLOSION-PROOF STRIPPING PLIERS MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

7.1 Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Key Raw Materials Analysis
  7.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  7.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  7.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  7.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
7.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  7.2.1 Raw Materials
  7.2.2 Labor Cost
  7.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
7.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers

8 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

8.1 Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Industrial Chain Analysis
8.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
8.3 Raw Materials Sources of Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Major Manufacturers in 2017
8.4 Downstream Buyers

9 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

9.1 Marketing Channel
  9.1.1 Direct Marketing
  9.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  9.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
9.2 Market Positioning
  9.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  9.2.2 Brand Strategy
  9.2.3 Target Client
9.3 Distributors/Traders List

10 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

10.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  10.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  10.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
10.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
10.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

11 UNITED STATES EXPLOSION-PROOF STRIPPING PLIERS MARKET SIZE (VALUE AND VOLUME) FORECAST (2018-2025)

11.1 United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Volume, Revenue Forecast (2018-2025)
11.2 United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Volume Forecast by Type (2018-2025)
11.3 United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Volume Forecast by Application (2018-2025)
11.4 United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Volume Forecast by Region (2018-2025)

12 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

13 APPENDIX

13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
  13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
  13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
  13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
  13.2.1 Secondary Sources
  13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Disclaimer

The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Product Picture of Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers
Figure United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Market Size (K Units) by Type (2013-2025)
Figure United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Volume Market Share by Type (Product Category) in 2017
Figure Adjustable End Wire Strippers Product Picture
Figure Automatic Wire Strippers Product Picture
Figure Multi-function Wire Strippers Product Picture
Figure Others Product Picture
Figure United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Market Size (K Units) by Application (2013-2025)
Figure United States Sales Market Share of Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers by Application in 2017
Figure Electrician Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Electrician
Figure Motor Repair Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Motor Repair
Figure Instrument Repair Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Instrument Repair
Figure Other Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Other
Figure United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Market Size (Million USD) by Region (2013-2025)
Figure The West Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure Southwest Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure The Middle Atlantic Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure New England Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure The South of US Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure The Midwest Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Market Major Players Product Sales Volume (K Units) (2013-2018)
Table United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales (K Units) of Key Players/Suppliers (2013-2018)
Table United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Share by Players/Suppliers (2013-2018)
Figure 2017 United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Share by Players/Suppliers
Figure 2017 United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Share by Players/Suppliers
Figure United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Market Major Players Product Revenue (Million USD) (2013-2018)
Table United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Revenue (Million USD) by Players/Suppliers (2013-2018)
Table United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers (2013-2018)
Figure 2017 United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers
Figure 2017 United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers
Table United States Market Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Players/Suppliers (2013-2018)
Figure United States Market Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Players/Suppliers in 2017
Figure United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Market Share of Top 3 Players/Suppliers
Figure United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Market Share of Top 5 Players/Suppliers
Table United States Players/Suppliers Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area
Table United States Players/Suppliers Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Product Category
Table United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales (K Units) by Region (2013-2018)
Table United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Share by Region (2013-2018)
Figure United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Share by Region (2013-2018)
Figure United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Market Share by Region in 2017
Table United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
Table United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Revenue Share by Region (2013-2018)
Figure United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Revenue Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
Figure United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Revenue Market Share by Region in 2017
Table United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Price (USD/Unit) by Region (2013-2018)
Table United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales (K Units) by Type (2013-2018)
Table United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Share by Type (2013-2018)
Figure United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Share by Type (2013-2018)
Figure United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Market Share by Type in 2017
Table United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
Table United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Revenue Share by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers by Type in 2017
Table United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Price (USD/Unit) by Types (2013-2018)
Figure United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Growth Rate by Type (2013-2018)
Table United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales (K Units) by Application (2013-2018)
Table United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Market Share by Application (2013-2018)
Figure United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Market Share by Application (2013-2018)
Figure United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Market Share by Application in 2017
Table United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Growth Rate by Application (2013-2018)
Figure United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Growth Rate by Application (2013-2018)
Table BOSI TOOLS Basic Information List
Table BOSI TOOLS Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure BOSI TOOLS Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure BOSI TOOLS Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure BOSI TOOLS Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table OPT Basic Information List
Table OPT Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure OPT Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure OPT Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure OPT Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table JETECH TOOL Basic Information List
Table JETECH TOOL Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure JETECH TOOL Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure JETECH TOOL Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure JETECH TOOL Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table GEM YEAR Basic Information List
Table GEM YEAR Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure GEM YEAR Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure GEM YEAR Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure GEM YEAR Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table EKF Basic Information List
Table EKF Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure EKF Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure EKF Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure EKF Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table BRITX Basic Information List
Table BRITX Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure BRITX Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure BRITX Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure BRITX Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table SATA Basic Information List
Table SATA Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure SATA Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure SATA Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure SATA Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table STANLEY Basic Information List
Table STANLEY Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure STANLEY Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure STANLEY Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure STANLEY Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table Keiba Basic Information List
Table Keiba Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure Keiba Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Keiba Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure Keiba Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers
Figure Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Major Players/Suppliers in 2017
Table Major Buyers of Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Volume (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2025)
Figure United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2025)
Figure United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Price (USD/Unit) Trend Forecast (2018-2025)
Table United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Type (2018-2025)
Figure United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Type (2018-2025)
Figure United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Type in 2025
Table United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Application (2018-2025)
Figure United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Application (2018-2025)
Figure United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Application in 2025
Table United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Region (2018-2025)
Table United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region (2018-2025)
Figure United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region (2018-2025)
Figure United States Explosion-Proof Stripping Pliers Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region in 2025
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources