Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Market Research Report 2018

April 2018 | 112 pages | ID: P392E67A33DEN
QYResearch

Abstracts

The global Pure Epoxy Power Coatings market is valued at XX million USD in 2017 and is expected to reach XX million USD by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2017 and 2025.

Pakistan plays an important role in global market, with market size of xx million USD in 2017 and will be xx million USD in 2025, with a CAGR of xx%.

This report studies the Pure Epoxy Power Coatings development status and future trend in Pakistan, focuses on top players in Pakistan, also splits Pure Epoxy Power Coatings by type and by Application, to fully and deeply research and reveal the market general situation and future forecast.

The major players in Pakistan market include

• Rapid Coat
• Fineshine
• Color Powder Coating
• Fam Powder Coating
• Forbidden City Paint
• Guangzhou Coaking New Material Technology
• Dongyang Zhengchang Power coating
• Marpol Private Limited
• Chempher Coating LLP
• Suraj Coats
• Neat Koat
• Durolac Paints
• Sun coaters

On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume, revenue, product price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into

• Texture finish
• Leatherette/River finish
• Smooth finish
• Others

On the basis of the end users/Application, this report covers

• Industrial pipes
• Medical and sport equipments
• Car accessories
• Decorative home appliance
• Wirework
• Ceiling Panel
• Ships
• Others

If you have any special requirements, please let us know and we will offer you the report as you want.

Contents

Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Market Research Report 2018

1 PURE EPOXY POWER COATINGS OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Pure Epoxy Power Coatings
1.2 Classification of Pure Epoxy Power Coatings by Product Category
  1.2.1 Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT) Comparison by Type (2013-2025)
  1.2.2 Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT) Market Share by Type in 2017
  1.2.3 Texture finish
  1.2.4 Leatherette/River finish
  1.2.5 Smooth finish
  1.2.6 Others
1.3 Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Market by Application/End Users
  1.3.1 Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT) and Market Share Comparison by Application (2013-2025)
  1.3.2 Industrial pipes
  1.3.3 Medical and sport equipments
  1.3.4 Car accessories
  1.3.5 Decorative home appliance
  1.3.6 Wirework
  1.3.7 Ceiling Panel
  1.3.8 Ships
  1.3.9 Others
1.4 Pakistan Revenue and Sales of Pure Epoxy Power Coatings (2013-2025)
  1.4.1 Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2025)
  1.4.2 Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2025)

2 PAKISTAN PURE EPOXY POWER COATINGS MARKET COMPETITION BY PLAYERS/MANUFACTURERS

2.1 Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT) and Market Share (%) of Key Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
2.2 Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Revenue and Share by Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
2.3 Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Average Price (USD/MT) by Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
2.4 Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Market Competitive Situation and Trends
  2.4.1 Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Market Concentration Rate
  2.4.2 Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Players/Manufacturers
  2.4.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion in Pakistan Market
2.5 Pakistan Players/Manufacturers Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area, Product Type

3 PAKISTAN PURE EPOXY POWER COATINGS SALES AND REVENUE (VALUE) BY TYPE (2013-2018)

3.1 Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT) and Market Share by Type/ Product Category (2013-2018)
3.2 Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
3.3 Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Price (USD/MT) by Type (2013-2018)
3.4 Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales Growth Rate (%) by Type (2013-2018)

4 PAKISTAN PURE EPOXY POWER COATINGS SALES BY APPLICATION (2013-2018)

4.1 Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT) and Market Share by Application (2013-2018)
4.2 Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales Growth Rate (%) by Application (2013-2018)
4.3 Market Drivers and Opportunities

5 PAKISTAN PURE EPOXY POWER COATINGS PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS PROFILES AND SALES DATA

5.1 Rapid Coat
  5.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  5.1.2 Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Product Category, Application and Specification
    5.1.2.1 Product A
    5.1.2.2 Product B
  5.1.3 Rapid Coat Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  5.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
5.2 Fineshine
  5.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  5.2.2 Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Product Category, Application and Specification
    5.2.2.1 Product A
    5.2.2.2 Product B
  5.2.3 Fineshine Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  5.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
5.3 Color Powder Coating
  5.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  5.3.2 Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Product Category, Application and Specification
    5.3.2.1 Product A
    5.3.2.2 Product B
  5.3.3 Color Powder Coating Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  5.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
5.4 Fam Powder Coating
  5.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  5.4.2 Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Product Category, Application and Specification
    5.4.2.1 Product A
    5.4.2.2 Product B
  5.4.3 Fam Powder Coating Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  5.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
5.5 Forbidden City Paint
  5.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  5.5.2 Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Product Category, Application and Specification
    5.5.2.1 Product A
    5.5.2.2 Product B
  5.5.3 Forbidden City Paint Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  5.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
5.6 Guangzhou Coaking New Material Technology
  5.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  5.6.2 Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Product Category, Application and Specification
    5.6.2.1 Product A
    5.6.2.2 Product B
  5.6.3 Guangzhou Coaking New Material Technology Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  5.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
5.7 Dongyang Zhengchang Power coating
  5.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  5.7.2 Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Product Category, Application and Specification
    5.7.2.1 Product A
    5.7.2.2 Product B
  5.7.3 Dongyang Zhengchang Power coating Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  5.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
5.8 Marpol Private Limited
  5.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  5.8.2 Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Product Category, Application and Specification
    5.8.2.1 Product A
    5.8.2.2 Product B
  5.8.3 Marpol Private Limited Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  5.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
5.9 Chempher Coating LLP
  5.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  5.9.2 Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Product Category, Application and Specification
    5.9.2.1 Product A
    5.9.2.2 Product B
  5.9.3 Chempher Coating LLP Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  5.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
5.10 Suraj Coats
  5.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  5.10.2 Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Product Category, Application and Specification
    5.10.2.1 Product A
    5.10.2.2 Product B
  5.10.3 Suraj Coats Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  5.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview
5.11 Neat Koat
5.12 Durolac Paints
5.13 Sun coaters

6 PURE EPOXY POWER COATINGS MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

6.1 Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Key Raw Materials Analysis
  6.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  6.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  6.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  6.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
6.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  6.2.1 Raw Materials
  6.2.2 Labor Cost
  6.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
6.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Pure Epoxy Power Coatings

7 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

7.1 Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Industrial Chain Analysis
7.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
7.3 Raw Materials Sources of Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Major Manufacturers in 2017
7.4 Downstream Buyers

8 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

8.1 Marketing Channel
  8.1.1 Direct Marketing
  8.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  8.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
8.2 Market Positioning
  8.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  8.2.2 Brand Strategy
  8.2.3 Target Client
8.3 Distributors/Traders List

9 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

9.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  9.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  9.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
9.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
9.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

10 PAKISTAN PURE EPOXY POWER COATINGS MARKET SIZE (SALES AND REVENUE) FORECAST (2018-2025)

10.1 Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD) Forecast (2018-2025)
10.2 Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT) Forecast by Type (2018-2025)
10.3 Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT) Forecast by Application (2018-2025)

11 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Pakistan Market Size (Million USD) Status and Outlook (2013-2025)
Table Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT) and Revenue (Million USD) Market Split by Product Type
Table Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT) by Application (2017-2025)
Figure Product Picture of Pure Epoxy Power Coatings
Table Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%) Comparison by Type (Product Category) (2013-2025)
Figure Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales Volume Market Share by Type in 2017
Figure Texture finish Product Picture
Figure Leatherette/River finish Product Picture
Figure Smooth finish Product Picture
Figure Others Product Picture
Figure Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT) Comparison by Application (2013-2025)
Figure Pakistan Sales Market Share (%) of Pure Epoxy Power Coatings by Application in 2017
Figure Industrial pipes Examples
Figure Medical and sport equipments Examples
Figure Car accessories Examples
Figure Decorative home appliance Examples
Figure Wirework Examples
Figure Ceiling Panel Examples
Figure Ships Examples
Figure Others Examples
Figure Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2025)
Figure Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2025)
Table Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales of Key Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
Table Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
Figure 2017 Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Figure 2017 Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Table Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Revenue by Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
Table Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Revenue Market Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
Figure 2017 Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Revenue Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Figure 2017 Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Revenue Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Table Pakistan Market Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Average Price (USD/MT) of Key Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
Figure Pakistan Market Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Average Price (USD/MT) of Key Players/Manufacturers in 2017
Figure Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Market Share of Top 3 Players/Manufacturers
Figure Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Market Share of Top 5 Players/Manufacturers
Table Pakistan Players/Manufacturers Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area
Table Pakistan Players/Manufacturers Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Product Category
Table Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT) by Type (2013-2018)
Table Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales Share (%) by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales Share (%) by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales Market Share (%) by Type in 2017
Table Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
Table Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Revenue Market Share (%) by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Pure Epoxy Power Coatings by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Pure Epoxy Power Coatings by Type in 2017
Table Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Price (USD/MT) by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales Growth Rate (%) by Type (2013-2018)
Table Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT) by Application (2013-2018)
Table Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales Market Share (%) by Application (2013-2018)
Figure Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales Market Share (%) by Application (2013-2018)
Figure Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales Market Share (%) by Application in 2017
Table Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales Growth Rate (%) by Application (2013-2018)
Figure Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales Growth Rate (%) by Application (2013-2018)
Table Rapid Coat Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Basic Information List
Table Rapid Coat Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Rapid Coat Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Rapid Coat Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales Market Share (%) in Pakistan (2013-2018)
Figure Rapid Coat Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Revenue Market Share (%) in Pakistan (2013-2018)
Table Fineshine Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Basic Information List
Table Fineshine Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Fineshine Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Fineshine Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales Market Share (%) in Pakistan (2013-2018)
Figure Fineshine Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Revenue Market Share (%) in Pakistan (2013-2018)
Table Color Powder Coating Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Basic Information List
Table Color Powder Coating Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Color Powder Coating Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Color Powder Coating Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales Market Share (%) in Pakistan (2013-2018)
Figure Color Powder Coating Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Revenue Market Share (%) in Pakistan (2013-2018)
Table Fam Powder Coating Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Basic Information List
Table Fam Powder Coating Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Fam Powder Coating Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Fam Powder Coating Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales Market Share (%) in Pakistan (2013-2018)
Figure Fam Powder Coating Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Revenue Market Share (%) in Pakistan (2013-2018)
Table Forbidden City Paint Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Basic Information List
Table Forbidden City Paint Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Forbidden City Paint Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Forbidden City Paint Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales Market Share (%) in Pakistan (2013-2018)
Figure Forbidden City Paint Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Revenue Market Share (%) in Pakistan (2013-2018)
Table Guangzhou Coaking New Material Technology Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Basic Information List
Table Guangzhou Coaking New Material Technology Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Guangzhou Coaking New Material Technology Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Guangzhou Coaking New Material Technology Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales Market Share (%) in Pakistan (2013-2018)
Figure Guangzhou Coaking New Material Technology Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Revenue Market Share (%) in Pakistan (2013-2018)
Table Dongyang Zhengchang Power coating Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Basic Information List
Table Dongyang Zhengchang Power coating Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Dongyang Zhengchang Power coating Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Dongyang Zhengchang Power coating Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales Market Share (%) in Pakistan (2013-2018)
Figure Dongyang Zhengchang Power coating Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Revenue Market Share (%) in Pakistan (2013-2018)
Table Marpol Private Limited Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Basic Information List
Table Marpol Private Limited Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Marpol Private Limited Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Marpol Private Limited Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales Market Share (%) in Pakistan (2013-2018)
Figure Marpol Private Limited Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Revenue Market Share (%) in Pakistan (2013-2018)
Table Chempher Coating LLP Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Basic Information List
Table Chempher Coating LLP Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Chempher Coating LLP Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Chempher Coating LLP Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales Market Share (%) in Pakistan (2013-2018)
Figure Chempher Coating LLP Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Revenue Market Share (%) in Pakistan (2013-2018)
Table Suraj Coats Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Basic Information List
Table Suraj Coats Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Suraj Coats Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Suraj Coats Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales Market Share (%) in Pakistan (2013-2018)
Figure Suraj Coats Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Revenue Market Share (%) in Pakistan (2013-2018)
Table Neat Koat Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Basic Information List
Table Durolac Paints Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Basic Information List
Table Sun coaters Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Basic Information List
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Pure Epoxy Power Coatings
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Pure Epoxy Power Coatings
Figure Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Major Players/Manufacturers in 2017
Table Major Buyers of Pure Epoxy Power Coatings
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%) Forecast (2018-2025)
Figure Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2025)
Figure Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Price (USD/MT) Trend Forecast (2018-2025)
Table Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT) Forecast by Type (2018-2025)
Figure Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT) Forecast by Type (2018-2025)
Figure Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Type in 2025
Table Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales (K MT) Forecast by Application (2018-2025)
Figure Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Application (2018-2025)
Figure Pakistan Pure Epoxy Power Coatings Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Application in 2025