Textile Recycling Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2022-2028

March 2022 | 75 pages | ID: TEF2A8CFD940EN
Market Monitor Global

Abstracts

Textile recycling is the process by which old clothing and other textiles are recovered for reuse or material recovery. It is the basis for the textile recycling industry. In the United States, this group is represented by SMART, the Association of Wiping Materials, Used Clothing and Fiber Industries.

This report contains market size and forecasts of Textile Recycling in global, including the following market information:

Global Textile Recycling Market Revenue, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, ($ millions)

Global Textile Recycling Market Sales, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, (K MT)

Global top five Textile Recycling companies in 2021 (%)

The global Textile Recycling market was valued at million in 2021 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2028, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period.

The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2021, While China is Forecast to Reach $ Million by 2028.

Clothing Segment to Reach $ Million by 2028, with a % CAGR in next six years.

The global key manufacturers of Textile Recycling include ICollect, Uniqlo, Onward Kashiyama, Renewcell, Zhejiang Jiaren New Materials, JEPLAN, ATRS Inc and Green City Recycling, etc. In 2021, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.

MARKET MONITOR GLOBAL, INC (MMG) has surveyed the Textile Recycling manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.

Total Market by Segment:

Global Textile Recycling Market, by Type, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K MT)

Global Textile Recycling Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2021 (%)

• Clothing
• Shoes
• Carpet
• Other

Global Textile Recycling Market, by Application, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K MT)

Global Textile Recycling Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2021 (%)

• Home Textile
• Commercial Textile

Global Textile Recycling Market, By Region and Country, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K MT)

Global Textile Recycling Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2021 (%)

• North America
• US
• Canada
• Mexico
• Europe
• Germany
• France
• U.K.
• Italy
• Russia
• Nordic Countries
• Benelux
• Rest of Europe
• Asia
• China
• Japan
• South Korea
• Southeast Asia
• India
• Rest of Asia
• South America
• Brazil
• Argentina
• Rest of South America
• Middle East & Africa
• Turkey
• Israel
• Saudi Arabia
• UAE
• Rest of Middle East & Africa

Competitor Analysis

The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:

Key companies Textile Recycling revenues in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), ($ millions)

Key companies Textile Recycling revenues share in global market, 2021 (%)

Key companies Textile Recycling sales in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), (K MT)

Key companies Textile Recycling sales share in global market, 2021 (%)

Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:

• ICollect
• Uniqlo
• Onward Kashiyama
• Renewcell
• Zhejiang Jiaren New Materials
• JEPLAN
• ATRS Inc
• Green City Recycling

Contents

1 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH & ANALYSIS REPORTS

1.1 Textile Recycling Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
  1.2.1 Market by Type
  1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Textile Recycling Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
  1.5.1 Research Methodology
  1.5.2 Research Process
  1.5.3 Base Year
  1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats

2 GLOBAL TEXTILE RECYCLING OVERALL MARKET SIZE

2.1 Global Textile Recycling Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global Textile Recycling Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Global Textile Recycling Sales: 2017-2028

3 COMPANY LANDSCAPE

3.1 Top Textile Recycling Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Textile Recycling Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Textile Recycling Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Textile Recycling Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Textile Recycling Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Textile Recycling Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.7 Global Manufacturers Textile Recycling Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Textile Recycling Players in Global Market
  3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Textile Recycling Companies
  3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Textile Recycling Companies

4 SIGHTS BY PRODUCT

4.1 Overview
  4.1.1 By Type - Global Textile Recycling Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2028
  4.1.2 Clothing
  4.1.3 Shoes
  4.1.4 Carpet
  4.1.5 Other
4.2 By Type - Global Textile Recycling Revenue & Forecasts
  4.2.1 By Type - Global Textile Recycling Revenue, 2017-2022
  4.2.2 By Type - Global Textile Recycling Revenue, 2023-2028
  4.2.3 By Type - Global Textile Recycling Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
4.3 By Type - Global Textile Recycling Sales & Forecasts
  4.3.1 By Type - Global Textile Recycling Sales, 2017-2022
  4.3.2 By Type - Global Textile Recycling Sales, 2023-2028
  4.3.3 By Type - Global Textile Recycling Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
4.4 By Type - Global Textile Recycling Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

5 SIGHTS BY APPLICATION

5.1 Overview
  5.1.1 By Application - Global Textile Recycling Market Size, 2021 & 2028
  5.1.2 Home Textile
  5.1.3 Commercial Textile
5.2 By Application - Global Textile Recycling Revenue & Forecasts
  5.2.1 By Application - Global Textile Recycling Revenue, 2017-2022
  5.2.2 By Application - Global Textile Recycling Revenue, 2023-2028
  5.2.3 By Application - Global Textile Recycling Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
5.3 By Application - Global Textile Recycling Sales & Forecasts
  5.3.1 By Application - Global Textile Recycling Sales, 2017-2022
  5.3.2 By Application - Global Textile Recycling Sales, 2023-2028
  5.3.3 By Application - Global Textile Recycling Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
5.4 By Application - Global Textile Recycling Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

6 SIGHTS BY REGION

6.1 By Region - Global Textile Recycling Market Size, 2021 & 2028
6.2 By Region - Global Textile Recycling Revenue & Forecasts
  6.2.1 By Region - Global Textile Recycling Revenue, 2017-2022
  6.2.2 By Region - Global Textile Recycling Revenue, 2023-2028
  6.2.3 By Region - Global Textile Recycling Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6.3 By Region - Global Textile Recycling Sales & Forecasts
  6.3.1 By Region - Global Textile Recycling Sales, 2017-2022
  6.3.2 By Region - Global Textile Recycling Sales, 2023-2028
  6.3.3 By Region - Global Textile Recycling Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
6.4 North America
  6.4.1 By Country - North America Textile Recycling Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.4.2 By Country - North America Textile Recycling Sales, 2017-2028
  6.4.3 US Textile Recycling Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.4 Canada Textile Recycling Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.5 Mexico Textile Recycling Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5 Europe
  6.5.1 By Country - Europe Textile Recycling Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.5.2 By Country - Europe Textile Recycling Sales, 2017-2028
  6.5.3 Germany Textile Recycling Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.4 France Textile Recycling Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.5 U.K. Textile Recycling Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.6 Italy Textile Recycling Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.7 Russia Textile Recycling Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.8 Nordic Countries Textile Recycling Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.9 Benelux Textile Recycling Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6 Asia
  6.6.1 By Region - Asia Textile Recycling Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.6.2 By Region - Asia Textile Recycling Sales, 2017-2028
  6.6.3 China Textile Recycling Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.4 Japan Textile Recycling Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.5 South Korea Textile Recycling Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.6 Southeast Asia Textile Recycling Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.7 India Textile Recycling Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7 South America
  6.7.1 By Country - South America Textile Recycling Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.7.2 By Country - South America Textile Recycling Sales, 2017-2028
  6.7.3 Brazil Textile Recycling Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.7.4 Argentina Textile Recycling Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8 Middle East & Africa
  6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Textile Recycling Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Textile Recycling Sales, 2017-2028
  6.8.3 Turkey Textile Recycling Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.4 Israel Textile Recycling Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Textile Recycling Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.6 UAE Textile Recycling Market Size, 2017-2028

7 MANUFACTURERS & BRANDS PROFILES

7.1 ICollect
  7.1.1 ICollect Corporate Summary
  7.1.2 ICollect Business Overview
  7.1.3 ICollect Textile Recycling Major Product Offerings
  7.1.4 ICollect Textile Recycling Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.1.5 ICollect Key News
7.2 Uniqlo
  7.2.1 Uniqlo Corporate Summary
  7.2.2 Uniqlo Business Overview
  7.2.3 Uniqlo Textile Recycling Major Product Offerings
  7.2.4 Uniqlo Textile Recycling Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.2.5 Uniqlo Key News
7.3 Onward Kashiyama
  7.3.1 Onward Kashiyama Corporate Summary
  7.3.2 Onward Kashiyama Business Overview
  7.3.3 Onward Kashiyama Textile Recycling Major Product Offerings
  7.3.4 Onward Kashiyama Textile Recycling Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.3.5 Onward Kashiyama Key News
7.4 Renewcell
  7.4.1 Renewcell Corporate Summary
  7.4.2 Renewcell Business Overview
  7.4.3 Renewcell Textile Recycling Major Product Offerings
  7.4.4 Renewcell Textile Recycling Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.4.5 Renewcell Key News
7.5 Zhejiang Jiaren New Materials
  7.5.1 Zhejiang Jiaren New Materials Corporate Summary
  7.5.2 Zhejiang Jiaren New Materials Business Overview
  7.5.3 Zhejiang Jiaren New Materials Textile Recycling Major Product Offerings
  7.5.4 Zhejiang Jiaren New Materials Textile Recycling Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.5.5 Zhejiang Jiaren New Materials Key News
7.6 JEPLAN
  7.6.1 JEPLAN Corporate Summary
  7.6.2 JEPLAN Business Overview
  7.6.3 JEPLAN Textile Recycling Major Product Offerings
  7.6.4 JEPLAN Textile Recycling Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.6.5 JEPLAN Key News
7.7 ATRS Inc
  7.7.1 ATRS Inc Corporate Summary
  7.7.2 ATRS Inc Business Overview
  7.7.3 ATRS Inc Textile Recycling Major Product Offerings
  7.7.4 ATRS Inc Textile Recycling Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.7.5 ATRS Inc Key News
7.8 Green City Recycling
  7.8.1 Green City Recycling Corporate Summary
  7.8.2 Green City Recycling Business Overview
  7.8.3 Green City Recycling Textile Recycling Major Product Offerings
  7.8.4 Green City Recycling Textile Recycling Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.8.5 Green City Recycling Key News

8 GLOBAL TEXTILE RECYCLING PRODUCTION CAPACITY, ANALYSIS

8.1 Global Textile Recycling Production Capacity, 2017-2028
8.2 Textile Recycling Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Textile Recycling Production by Region

9 KEY MARKET TRENDS, OPPORTUNITY, DRIVERS AND RESTRAINTS

9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints

10 TEXTILE RECYCLING SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS

10.1 Textile Recycling Industry Value Chain
10.2 Textile Recycling Upstream Market
10.3 Textile Recycling Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
  10.4.1 Marketing Channels
  10.4.2 Textile Recycling Distributors and Sales Agents in Global

11 CONCLUSION

12 APPENDIX

12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Key Players of Textile Recycling in Global Market
Table 2. Top Textile Recycling Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 3. Global Textile Recycling Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 4. Global Textile Recycling Revenue Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 5. Global Textile Recycling Sales by Companies, (K MT), 2017-2022
Table 6. Global Textile Recycling Sales Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Textile Recycling Price (2017-2022) & (USD/MT)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Textile Recycling Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Textile Recycling Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Textile Recycling Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type – Global Textile Recycling Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 12. By Type - Global Textile Recycling Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 13. By Type - Global Textile Recycling Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 14. By Type - Global Textile Recycling Sales (K MT), 2017-2022
Table 15. By Type - Global Textile Recycling Sales (K MT), 2023-2028
Table 16. By Application – Global Textile Recycling Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 17. By Application - Global Textile Recycling Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 18. By Application - Global Textile Recycling Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 19. By Application - Global Textile Recycling Sales (K MT), 2017-2022
Table 20. By Application - Global Textile Recycling Sales (K MT), 2023-2028
Table 21. By Region – Global Textile Recycling Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 VS 2028
Table 22. By Region - Global Textile Recycling Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 23. By Region - Global Textile Recycling Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 24. By Region - Global Textile Recycling Sales (K MT), 2017-2022
Table 25. By Region - Global Textile Recycling Sales (K MT), 2023-2028
Table 26. By Country - North America Textile Recycling Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 27. By Country - North America Textile Recycling Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 28. By Country - North America Textile Recycling Sales, (K MT), 2017-2022
Table 29. By Country - North America Textile Recycling Sales, (K MT), 2023-2028
Table 30. By Country - Europe Textile Recycling Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 31. By Country - Europe Textile Recycling Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 32. By Country - Europe Textile Recycling Sales, (K MT), 2017-2022
Table 33. By Country - Europe Textile Recycling Sales, (K MT), 2023-2028
Table 34. By Region - Asia Textile Recycling Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 35. By Region - Asia Textile Recycling Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 36. By Region - Asia Textile Recycling Sales, (K MT), 2017-2022
Table 37. By Region - Asia Textile Recycling Sales, (K MT), 2023-2028
Table 38. By Country - South America Textile Recycling Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 39. By Country - South America Textile Recycling Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 40. By Country - South America Textile Recycling Sales, (K MT), 2017-2022
Table 41. By Country - South America Textile Recycling Sales, (K MT), 2023-2028
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Textile Recycling Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Textile Recycling Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Textile Recycling Sales, (K MT), 2017-2022
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Textile Recycling Sales, (K MT), 2023-2028
Table 46. ICollect Corporate Summary
Table 47. ICollect Textile Recycling Product Offerings
Table 48. ICollect Textile Recycling Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/MT) (2017-2022)
Table 49. Uniqlo Corporate Summary
Table 50. Uniqlo Textile Recycling Product Offerings
Table 51. Uniqlo Textile Recycling Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/MT) (2017-2022)
Table 52. Onward Kashiyama Corporate Summary
Table 53. Onward Kashiyama Textile Recycling Product Offerings
Table 54. Onward Kashiyama Textile Recycling Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/MT) (2017-2022)
Table 55. Renewcell Corporate Summary
Table 56. Renewcell Textile Recycling Product Offerings
Table 57. Renewcell Textile Recycling Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/MT) (2017-2022)
Table 58. Zhejiang Jiaren New Materials Corporate Summary
Table 59. Zhejiang Jiaren New Materials Textile Recycling Product Offerings
Table 60. Zhejiang Jiaren New Materials Textile Recycling Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/MT) (2017-2022)
Table 61. JEPLAN Corporate Summary
Table 62. JEPLAN Textile Recycling Product Offerings
Table 63. JEPLAN Textile Recycling Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/MT) (2017-2022)
Table 64. ATRS Inc Corporate Summary
Table 65. ATRS Inc Textile Recycling Product Offerings
Table 66. ATRS Inc Textile Recycling Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/MT) (2017-2022)
Table 67. Green City Recycling Corporate Summary
Table 68. Green City Recycling Textile Recycling Product Offerings
Table 69. Green City Recycling Textile Recycling Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/MT) (2017-2022)
Table 70. Textile Recycling Production Capacity (K MT) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2020-2022 (K MT)
Table 71. Global Textile Recycling Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2020-2022
Table 72. Global Textile Recycling Production by Region, 2017-2022 (K MT)
Table 73. Global Textile Recycling Production by Region, 2023-2028 (K MT)
Table 74. Textile Recycling Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 75. Textile Recycling Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 76. Textile Recycling Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 77. Textile Recycling Raw Materials
Table 78. Textile Recycling Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 79. Typical Textile Recycling Downstream
Table 80. Textile Recycling Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 81. Textile Recycling Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market

List Of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Textile Recycling Segment by Type
Figure 2. Textile Recycling Segment by Application
Figure 3. Global Textile Recycling Market Overview: 2021
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Textile Recycling Market Size: 2021 VS 2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Textile Recycling Revenue, 2017-2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Textile Recycling Sales in Global Market: 2017-2028 (K MT)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Textile Recycling Revenue in 2021
Figure 9. By Type - Global Textile Recycling Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 10. By Type - Global Textile Recycling Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 11. By Type - Global Textile Recycling Price (USD/MT), 2017-2028
Figure 12. By Application - Global Textile Recycling Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 13. By Application - Global Textile Recycling Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 14. By Application - Global Textile Recycling Price (USD/MT), 2017-2028
Figure 15. By Region - Global Textile Recycling Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 16. By Region - Global Textile Recycling Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 17. By Country - North America Textile Recycling Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 18. By Country - North America Textile Recycling Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 19. US Textile Recycling Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 20. Canada Textile Recycling Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 21. Mexico Textile Recycling Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 22. By Country - Europe Textile Recycling Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 23. By Country - Europe Textile Recycling Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 24. Germany Textile Recycling Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 25. France Textile Recycling Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 26. U.K. Textile Recycling Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 27. Italy Textile Recycling Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 28. Russia Textile Recycling Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 29. Nordic Countries Textile Recycling Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 30. Benelux Textile Recycling Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 31. By Region - Asia Textile Recycling Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 32. By Region - Asia Textile Recycling Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 33. China Textile Recycling Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 34. Japan Textile Recycling Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 35. South Korea Textile Recycling Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 36. Southeast Asia Textile Recycling Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 37. India Textile Recycling Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 38. By Country - South America Textile Recycling Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 39. By Country - South America Textile Recycling Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 40. Brazil Textile Recycling Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 41. Argentina Textile Recycling Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Textile Recycling Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Textile Recycling Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 44. Turkey Textile Recycling Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 45. Israel Textile Recycling Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 46. Saudi Arabia Textile Recycling Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 47. UAE Textile Recycling Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 48. Global Textile Recycling Production Capacity (K MT), 2017-2028
Figure 49. The Percentage of Production Textile Recycling by Region, 2021 VS 2028
Figure 50. Textile Recycling Industry Value Chain
Figure 51. Marketing Channels