Surgical Dressings Market - Global Outlook and Forecast 2022-2028

March 2022 | 73 pages | ID: S2222F525EC5EN
Market Monitor Global

Abstracts

This report contains market size and forecasts of Surgical Dressings in global, including the following market information:

Global Surgical Dressings Market Revenue, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, ($ millions)

Global Surgical Dressings Market Sales, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, (K Units)

Global top five Surgical Dressings companies in 2021 (%)

The global Surgical Dressings market was valued at 4467.8 million in 2021 and is projected to reach US$ 6055.8 million by 2028, at a CAGR of 4.4% during the forecast period.

The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2021, While China is Forecast to Reach $ Million by 2028.

Bandage Segment to Reach $ Million by 2028, with a % CAGR in next six years.

The global key manufacturers of Surgical Dressings include 3M, ConvaTec, Dynarex, Kendall, Medline, Molnlycke, Smith & Nephew and Johnson & Johnson, etc. In 2021, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.

MARKET MONITOR GLOBAL, INC (MMG) has surveyed the Surgical Dressings manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.

Total Market by Segment:

Global Surgical Dressings Market, by Type, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global Surgical Dressings Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2021 (%)

• Bandage
• Tape
• Other

Global Surgical Dressings Market, by Application, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global Surgical Dressings Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2021 (%)

• Hospital
• Clinic
• Home Care

Global Surgical Dressings Market, By Region and Country, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global Surgical Dressings Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2021 (%)

• North America
• US
• Canada
• Mexico
• Europe
• Germany
• France
• U.K.
• Italy
• Russia
• Nordic Countries
• Benelux
• Rest of Europe
• Asia
• China
• Japan
• South Korea
• Southeast Asia
• India
• Rest of Asia
• South America
• Brazil
• Argentina
• Rest of South America
• Middle East & Africa
• Turkey
• Israel
• Saudi Arabia
• UAE
• Rest of Middle East & Africa

Competitor Analysis

The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:

Key companies Surgical Dressings revenues in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), ($ millions)

Key companies Surgical Dressings revenues share in global market, 2021 (%)

Key companies Surgical Dressings sales in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), (K Units)

Key companies Surgical Dressings sales share in global market, 2021 (%)

Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:

• 3M
• ConvaTec
• Dynarex
• Kendall
• Medline
• Molnlycke
• Smith & Nephew
• Johnson & Johnson

Contents

1 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH & ANALYSIS REPORTS

1.1 Surgical Dressings Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
  1.2.1 Market by Type
  1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Surgical Dressings Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
  1.5.1 Research Methodology
  1.5.2 Research Process
  1.5.3 Base Year
  1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats

2 GLOBAL SURGICAL DRESSINGS OVERALL MARKET SIZE

2.1 Global Surgical Dressings Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global Surgical Dressings Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Global Surgical Dressings Sales: 2017-2028

3 COMPANY LANDSCAPE

3.1 Top Surgical Dressings Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Surgical Dressings Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Surgical Dressings Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Surgical Dressings Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Surgical Dressings Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Surgical Dressings Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.7 Global Manufacturers Surgical Dressings Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Surgical Dressings Players in Global Market
  3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Surgical Dressings Companies
  3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Surgical Dressings Companies

4 SIGHTS BY PRODUCT

4.1 Overview
  4.1.1 By Type - Global Surgical Dressings Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2028
  4.1.2 Bandage
  4.1.3 Tape
  4.1.4 Other
4.2 By Type - Global Surgical Dressings Revenue & Forecasts
  4.2.1 By Type - Global Surgical Dressings Revenue, 2017-2022
  4.2.2 By Type - Global Surgical Dressings Revenue, 2023-2028
  4.2.3 By Type - Global Surgical Dressings Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
4.3 By Type - Global Surgical Dressings Sales & Forecasts
  4.3.1 By Type - Global Surgical Dressings Sales, 2017-2022
  4.3.2 By Type - Global Surgical Dressings Sales, 2023-2028
  4.3.3 By Type - Global Surgical Dressings Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
4.4 By Type - Global Surgical Dressings Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

5 SIGHTS BY APPLICATION

5.1 Overview
  5.1.1 By Application - Global Surgical Dressings Market Size, 2021 & 2028
  5.1.2 Hospital
  5.1.3 Clinic
  5.1.4 Home Care
5.2 By Application - Global Surgical Dressings Revenue & Forecasts
  5.2.1 By Application - Global Surgical Dressings Revenue, 2017-2022
  5.2.2 By Application - Global Surgical Dressings Revenue, 2023-2028
  5.2.3 By Application - Global Surgical Dressings Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
5.3 By Application - Global Surgical Dressings Sales & Forecasts
  5.3.1 By Application - Global Surgical Dressings Sales, 2017-2022
  5.3.2 By Application - Global Surgical Dressings Sales, 2023-2028
  5.3.3 By Application - Global Surgical Dressings Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
5.4 By Application - Global Surgical Dressings Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

6 SIGHTS BY REGION

6.1 By Region - Global Surgical Dressings Market Size, 2021 & 2028
6.2 By Region - Global Surgical Dressings Revenue & Forecasts
  6.2.1 By Region - Global Surgical Dressings Revenue, 2017-2022
  6.2.2 By Region - Global Surgical Dressings Revenue, 2023-2028
  6.2.3 By Region - Global Surgical Dressings Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6.3 By Region - Global Surgical Dressings Sales & Forecasts
  6.3.1 By Region - Global Surgical Dressings Sales, 2017-2022
  6.3.2 By Region - Global Surgical Dressings Sales, 2023-2028
  6.3.3 By Region - Global Surgical Dressings Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
6.4 North America
  6.4.1 By Country - North America Surgical Dressings Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.4.2 By Country - North America Surgical Dressings Sales, 2017-2028
  6.4.3 US Surgical Dressings Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.4 Canada Surgical Dressings Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.5 Mexico Surgical Dressings Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5 Europe
  6.5.1 By Country - Europe Surgical Dressings Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.5.2 By Country - Europe Surgical Dressings Sales, 2017-2028
  6.5.3 Germany Surgical Dressings Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.4 France Surgical Dressings Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.5 U.K. Surgical Dressings Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.6 Italy Surgical Dressings Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.7 Russia Surgical Dressings Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.8 Nordic Countries Surgical Dressings Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.9 Benelux Surgical Dressings Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6 Asia
  6.6.1 By Region - Asia Surgical Dressings Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.6.2 By Region - Asia Surgical Dressings Sales, 2017-2028
  6.6.3 China Surgical Dressings Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.4 Japan Surgical Dressings Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.5 South Korea Surgical Dressings Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.6 Southeast Asia Surgical Dressings Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.7 India Surgical Dressings Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7 South America
  6.7.1 By Country - South America Surgical Dressings Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.7.2 By Country - South America Surgical Dressings Sales, 2017-2028
  6.7.3 Brazil Surgical Dressings Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.7.4 Argentina Surgical Dressings Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8 Middle East & Africa
  6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Surgical Dressings Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Surgical Dressings Sales, 2017-2028
  6.8.3 Turkey Surgical Dressings Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.4 Israel Surgical Dressings Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Surgical Dressings Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.6 UAE Surgical Dressings Market Size, 2017-2028

7 MANUFACTURERS & BRANDS PROFILES

7.1 3M
  7.1.1 3M Corporate Summary
  7.1.2 3M Business Overview
  7.1.3 3M Surgical Dressings Major Product Offerings
  7.1.4 3M Surgical Dressings Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.1.5 3M Key News
7.2 ConvaTec
  7.2.1 ConvaTec Corporate Summary
  7.2.2 ConvaTec Business Overview
  7.2.3 ConvaTec Surgical Dressings Major Product Offerings
  7.2.4 ConvaTec Surgical Dressings Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.2.5 ConvaTec Key News
7.3 Dynarex
  7.3.1 Dynarex Corporate Summary
  7.3.2 Dynarex Business Overview
  7.3.3 Dynarex Surgical Dressings Major Product Offerings
  7.3.4 Dynarex Surgical Dressings Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.3.5 Dynarex Key News
7.4 Kendall
  7.4.1 Kendall Corporate Summary
  7.4.2 Kendall Business Overview
  7.4.3 Kendall Surgical Dressings Major Product Offerings
  7.4.4 Kendall Surgical Dressings Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.4.5 Kendall Key News
7.5 Medline
  7.5.1 Medline Corporate Summary
  7.5.2 Medline Business Overview
  7.5.3 Medline Surgical Dressings Major Product Offerings
  7.5.4 Medline Surgical Dressings Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.5.5 Medline Key News
7.6 Molnlycke
  7.6.1 Molnlycke Corporate Summary
  7.6.2 Molnlycke Business Overview
  7.6.3 Molnlycke Surgical Dressings Major Product Offerings
  7.6.4 Molnlycke Surgical Dressings Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.6.5 Molnlycke Key News
7.7 Smith & Nephew
  7.7.1 Smith & Nephew Corporate Summary
  7.7.2 Smith & Nephew Business Overview
  7.7.3 Smith & Nephew Surgical Dressings Major Product Offerings
  7.7.4 Smith & Nephew Surgical Dressings Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.7.5 Smith & Nephew Key News
7.8 Johnson & Johnson
  7.8.1 Johnson & Johnson Corporate Summary
  7.8.2 Johnson & Johnson Business Overview
  7.8.3 Johnson & Johnson Surgical Dressings Major Product Offerings
  7.8.4 Johnson & Johnson Surgical Dressings Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.8.5 Johnson & Johnson Key News

8 GLOBAL SURGICAL DRESSINGS PRODUCTION CAPACITY, ANALYSIS

8.1 Global Surgical Dressings Production Capacity, 2017-2028
8.2 Surgical Dressings Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Surgical Dressings Production by Region

9 KEY MARKET TRENDS, OPPORTUNITY, DRIVERS AND RESTRAINTS

9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints

10 SURGICAL DRESSINGS SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS

10.1 Surgical Dressings Industry Value Chain
10.2 Surgical Dressings Upstream Market
10.3 Surgical Dressings Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
  10.4.1 Marketing Channels
  10.4.2 Surgical Dressings Distributors and Sales Agents in Global

11 CONCLUSION

12 APPENDIX

12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Key Players of Surgical Dressings in Global Market
Table 2. Top Surgical Dressings Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 3. Global Surgical Dressings Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 4. Global Surgical Dressings Revenue Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 5. Global Surgical Dressings Sales by Companies, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 6. Global Surgical Dressings Sales Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Surgical Dressings Price (2017-2022) & (USD/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Surgical Dressings Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Surgical Dressings Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Surgical Dressings Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type – Global Surgical Dressings Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 12. By Type - Global Surgical Dressings Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 13. By Type - Global Surgical Dressings Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 14. By Type - Global Surgical Dressings Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 15. By Type - Global Surgical Dressings Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 16. By Application – Global Surgical Dressings Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 17. By Application - Global Surgical Dressings Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 18. By Application - Global Surgical Dressings Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 19. By Application - Global Surgical Dressings Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 20. By Application - Global Surgical Dressings Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 21. By Region – Global Surgical Dressings Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 VS 2028
Table 22. By Region - Global Surgical Dressings Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 23. By Region - Global Surgical Dressings Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 24. By Region - Global Surgical Dressings Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 25. By Region - Global Surgical Dressings Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 26. By Country - North America Surgical Dressings Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 27. By Country - North America Surgical Dressings Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 28. By Country - North America Surgical Dressings Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 29. By Country - North America Surgical Dressings Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 30. By Country - Europe Surgical Dressings Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 31. By Country - Europe Surgical Dressings Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 32. By Country - Europe Surgical Dressings Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 33. By Country - Europe Surgical Dressings Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 34. By Region - Asia Surgical Dressings Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 35. By Region - Asia Surgical Dressings Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 36. By Region - Asia Surgical Dressings Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 37. By Region - Asia Surgical Dressings Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 38. By Country - South America Surgical Dressings Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 39. By Country - South America Surgical Dressings Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 40. By Country - South America Surgical Dressings Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 41. By Country - South America Surgical Dressings Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Surgical Dressings Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Surgical Dressings Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Surgical Dressings Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Surgical Dressings Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 46. 3M Corporate Summary
Table 47. 3M Surgical Dressings Product Offerings
Table 48. 3M Surgical Dressings Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 49. ConvaTec Corporate Summary
Table 50. ConvaTec Surgical Dressings Product Offerings
Table 51. ConvaTec Surgical Dressings Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 52. Dynarex Corporate Summary
Table 53. Dynarex Surgical Dressings Product Offerings
Table 54. Dynarex Surgical Dressings Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 55. Kendall Corporate Summary
Table 56. Kendall Surgical Dressings Product Offerings
Table 57. Kendall Surgical Dressings Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 58. Medline Corporate Summary
Table 59. Medline Surgical Dressings Product Offerings
Table 60. Medline Surgical Dressings Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 61. Molnlycke Corporate Summary
Table 62. Molnlycke Surgical Dressings Product Offerings
Table 63. Molnlycke Surgical Dressings Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 64. Smith & Nephew Corporate Summary
Table 65. Smith & Nephew Surgical Dressings Product Offerings
Table 66. Smith & Nephew Surgical Dressings Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 67. Johnson & Johnson Corporate Summary
Table 68. Johnson & Johnson Surgical Dressings Product Offerings
Table 69. Johnson & Johnson Surgical Dressings Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 70. Surgical Dressings Production Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2020-2022 (K Units)
Table 71. Global Surgical Dressings Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2020-2022
Table 72. Global Surgical Dressings Production by Region, 2017-2022 (K Units)
Table 73. Global Surgical Dressings Production by Region, 2023-2028 (K Units)
Table 74. Surgical Dressings Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 75. Surgical Dressings Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 76. Surgical Dressings Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 77. Surgical Dressings Raw Materials
Table 78. Surgical Dressings Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 79. Typical Surgical Dressings Downstream
Table 80. Surgical Dressings Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 81. Surgical Dressings Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market

List Of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Surgical Dressings Segment by Type
Figure 2. Surgical Dressings Segment by Application
Figure 3. Global Surgical Dressings Market Overview: 2021
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Surgical Dressings Market Size: 2021 VS 2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Surgical Dressings Revenue, 2017-2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Surgical Dressings Sales in Global Market: 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Surgical Dressings Revenue in 2021
Figure 9. By Type - Global Surgical Dressings Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 10. By Type - Global Surgical Dressings Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 11. By Type - Global Surgical Dressings Price (USD/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 12. By Application - Global Surgical Dressings Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 13. By Application - Global Surgical Dressings Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 14. By Application - Global Surgical Dressings Price (USD/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 15. By Region - Global Surgical Dressings Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 16. By Region - Global Surgical Dressings Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 17. By Country - North America Surgical Dressings Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 18. By Country - North America Surgical Dressings Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 19. US Surgical Dressings Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 20. Canada Surgical Dressings Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 21. Mexico Surgical Dressings Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 22. By Country - Europe Surgical Dressings Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 23. By Country - Europe Surgical Dressings Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 24. Germany Surgical Dressings Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 25. France Surgical Dressings Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 26. U.K. Surgical Dressings Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 27. Italy Surgical Dressings Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 28. Russia Surgical Dressings Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 29. Nordic Countries Surgical Dressings Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 30. Benelux Surgical Dressings Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 31. By Region - Asia Surgical Dressings Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 32. By Region - Asia Surgical Dressings Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 33. China Surgical Dressings Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 34. Japan Surgical Dressings Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 35. South Korea Surgical Dressings Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 36. Southeast Asia Surgical Dressings Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 37. India Surgical Dressings Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 38. By Country - South America Surgical Dressings Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 39. By Country - South America Surgical Dressings Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 40. Brazil Surgical Dressings Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 41. Argentina Surgical Dressings Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Surgical Dressings Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Surgical Dressings Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 44. Turkey Surgical Dressings Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 45. Israel Surgical Dressings Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 46. Saudi Arabia Surgical Dressings Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 47. UAE Surgical Dressings Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 48. Global Surgical Dressings Production Capacity (K Units), 2017-2028
Figure 49. The Percentage of Production Surgical Dressings by Region, 2021 VS 2028
Figure 50. Surgical Dressings Industry Value Chain
Figure 51. Marketing Channels