Silicone Tent Sealant Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2022-2028

July 2022 | 78 pages | ID: SFEA5E205A2FEN
Market Monitor Global

Abstracts

This report contains market size and forecasts of Silicone Tent Sealant in global, including the following market information:

Global Silicone Tent Sealant Market Revenue, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, ($ millions)

Global Silicone Tent Sealant Market Sales, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, (Tons)

Global top five Silicone Tent Sealant companies in 2021 (%)

The global Silicone Tent Sealant market was valued at million in 2021 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2028, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period 2022-2028.

The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2021, While China is Forecast to Reach $ Million by 2028.

Below 10 Feet Segment to Reach $ Million by 2028, with a % CAGR in next six years.

The global key manufacturers of Silicone Tent Sealant include GEAR AID, McNett, Wilderness Equipment, San Feng and PERMATEX, etc. In 2021, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.

MARKET MONITOR GLOBAL, INC (MMG) has surveyed the Silicone Tent Sealant manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.

Total Market by Segment:

Global Silicone Tent Sealant Market, by Type, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (Tons)

Global Silicone Tent Sealant Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2021 (%)

• Below 10 Feet
• 10 to 20 Feet
• Above 20 Feet

Global Silicone Tent Sealant Market, by Application, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (Tons)

Global Silicone Tent Sealant Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2021 (%)

• Tents
• Tarps
• Backpacks
• Rainwear
• Others

Global Silicone Tent Sealant Market, By Region and Country, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (Tons)

Global Silicone Tent Sealant Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2021 (%)

• North America
• US
• Canada
• Mexico
• Europe
• Germany
• France
• U.K.
• Italy
• Russia
• Nordic Countries
• Benelux
• Rest of Europe
• Asia
• China
• Japan
• South Korea
• Southeast Asia
• India
• Rest of Asia
• South America
• Brazil
• Argentina
• Rest of South America
• Middle East & Africa
• Turkey
• Israel
• Saudi Arabia
• UAE
• Rest of Middle East & Africa

Competitor Analysis

The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:

Key companies Silicone Tent Sealant revenues in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), ($ millions)

Key companies Silicone Tent Sealant revenues share in global market, 2021 (%)

Key companies Silicone Tent Sealant sales in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), (Tons)

Key companies Silicone Tent Sealant sales share in global market, 2021 (%)

Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:

• GEAR AID
• McNett
• Wilderness Equipment
• San Feng
• PERMATEX

Contents

1 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH & ANALYSIS REPORTS

1.1 Silicone Tent Sealant Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
  1.2.1 Market by Type
  1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Silicone Tent Sealant Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
  1.5.1 Research Methodology
  1.5.2 Research Process
  1.5.3 Base Year
  1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats

2 GLOBAL SILICONE TENT SEALANT OVERALL MARKET SIZE

2.1 Global Silicone Tent Sealant Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Global Silicone Tent Sealant Sales: 2017-2028

3 COMPANY LANDSCAPE

3.1 Top Silicone Tent Sealant Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Silicone Tent Sealant Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Silicone Tent Sealant Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Silicone Tent Sealant Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Silicone Tent Sealant Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.7 Global Manufacturers Silicone Tent Sealant Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Silicone Tent Sealant Players in Global Market
  3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Silicone Tent Sealant Companies
  3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Silicone Tent Sealant Companies

4 SIGHTS BY PRODUCT

4.1 Overview
  4.1.1 By Type - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2028
  4.1.2 Below 10 Feet
  4.1.3 10 to 20 Feet
  4.1.4 Above 20 Feet
4.2 By Type - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue & Forecasts
  4.2.1 By Type - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, 2017-2022
  4.2.2 By Type - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, 2023-2028
  4.2.3 By Type - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
4.3 By Type - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Sales & Forecasts
  4.3.1 By Type - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Sales, 2017-2022
  4.3.2 By Type - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Sales, 2023-2028
  4.3.3 By Type - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
4.4 By Type - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

5 SIGHTS BY APPLICATION

5.1 Overview
  5.1.1 By Application - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Market Size, 2021 & 2028
  5.1.2 Tents
  5.1.3 Tarps
  5.1.4 Backpacks
  5.1.5 Rainwear
  5.1.6 Others
5.2 By Application - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue & Forecasts
  5.2.1 By Application - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, 2017-2022
  5.2.2 By Application - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, 2023-2028
  5.2.3 By Application - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
5.3 By Application - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Sales & Forecasts
  5.3.1 By Application - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Sales, 2017-2022
  5.3.2 By Application - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Sales, 2023-2028
  5.3.3 By Application - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
5.4 By Application - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

6 SIGHTS BY REGION

6.1 By Region - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Market Size, 2021 & 2028
6.2 By Region - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue & Forecasts
  6.2.1 By Region - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, 2017-2022
  6.2.2 By Region - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, 2023-2028
  6.2.3 By Region - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6.3 By Region - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Sales & Forecasts
  6.3.1 By Region - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Sales, 2017-2022
  6.3.2 By Region - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Sales, 2023-2028
  6.3.3 By Region - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
6.4 North America
  6.4.1 By Country - North America Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.4.2 By Country - North America Silicone Tent Sealant Sales, 2017-2028
  6.4.3 US Silicone Tent Sealant Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.4 Canada Silicone Tent Sealant Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.5 Mexico Silicone Tent Sealant Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5 Europe
  6.5.1 By Country - Europe Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.5.2 By Country - Europe Silicone Tent Sealant Sales, 2017-2028
  6.5.3 Germany Silicone Tent Sealant Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.4 France Silicone Tent Sealant Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.5 U.K. Silicone Tent Sealant Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.6 Italy Silicone Tent Sealant Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.7 Russia Silicone Tent Sealant Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.8 Nordic Countries Silicone Tent Sealant Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.9 Benelux Silicone Tent Sealant Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6 Asia
  6.6.1 By Region - Asia Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.6.2 By Region - Asia Silicone Tent Sealant Sales, 2017-2028
  6.6.3 China Silicone Tent Sealant Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.4 Japan Silicone Tent Sealant Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.5 South Korea Silicone Tent Sealant Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.6 Southeast Asia Silicone Tent Sealant Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.7 India Silicone Tent Sealant Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7 South America
  6.7.1 By Country - South America Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.7.2 By Country - South America Silicone Tent Sealant Sales, 2017-2028
  6.7.3 Brazil Silicone Tent Sealant Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.7.4 Argentina Silicone Tent Sealant Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8 Middle East & Africa
  6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Silicone Tent Sealant Sales, 2017-2028
  6.8.3 Turkey Silicone Tent Sealant Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.4 Israel Silicone Tent Sealant Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Silicone Tent Sealant Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.6 UAE Silicone Tent Sealant Market Size, 2017-2028

7 MANUFACTURERS & BRANDS PROFILES

7.1 GEAR AID
  7.1.1 GEAR AID Corporate Summary
  7.1.2 GEAR AID Business Overview
  7.1.3 GEAR AID Silicone Tent Sealant Major Product Offerings
  7.1.4 GEAR AID Silicone Tent Sealant Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.1.5 GEAR AID Key News
7.2 McNett
  7.2.1 McNett Corporate Summary
  7.2.2 McNett Business Overview
  7.2.3 McNett Silicone Tent Sealant Major Product Offerings
  7.2.4 McNett Silicone Tent Sealant Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.2.5 McNett Key News
7.3 Wilderness Equipment
  7.3.1 Wilderness Equipment Corporate Summary
  7.3.2 Wilderness Equipment Business Overview
  7.3.3 Wilderness Equipment Silicone Tent Sealant Major Product Offerings
  7.3.4 Wilderness Equipment Silicone Tent Sealant Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.3.5 Wilderness Equipment Key News
7.4 San Feng
  7.4.1 San Feng Corporate Summary
  7.4.2 San Feng Business Overview
  7.4.3 San Feng Silicone Tent Sealant Major Product Offerings
  7.4.4 San Feng Silicone Tent Sealant Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.4.5 San Feng Key News
7.5 PERMATEX
  7.5.1 PERMATEX Corporate Summary
  7.5.2 PERMATEX Business Overview
  7.5.3 PERMATEX Silicone Tent Sealant Major Product Offerings
  7.5.4 PERMATEX Silicone Tent Sealant Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.5.5 PERMATEX Key News

8 GLOBAL SILICONE TENT SEALANT PRODUCTION CAPACITY, ANALYSIS

8.1 Global Silicone Tent Sealant Production Capacity, 2017-2028
8.2 Silicone Tent Sealant Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Silicone Tent Sealant Production by Region

9 KEY MARKET TRENDS, OPPORTUNITY, DRIVERS AND RESTRAINTS

9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints

10 SILICONE TENT SEALANT SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS

10.1 Silicone Tent Sealant Industry Value Chain
10.2 Silicone Tent Sealant Upstream Market
10.3 Silicone Tent Sealant Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
  10.4.1 Marketing Channels
  10.4.2 Silicone Tent Sealant Distributors and Sales Agents in Global

11 CONCLUSION

12 APPENDIX

12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Key Players of Silicone Tent Sealant in Global Market
Table 2. Top Silicone Tent Sealant Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 3. Global Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 4. Global Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 5. Global Silicone Tent Sealant Sales by Companies, (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 6. Global Silicone Tent Sealant Sales Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Silicone Tent Sealant Price (2017-2022) & (US$/Ton)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Silicone Tent Sealant Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Silicone Tent Sealant Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Silicone Tent Sealant Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type – Global Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 12. By Type - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 13. By Type - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 14. By Type - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Sales (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 15. By Type - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Sales (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 16. By Application – Global Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 17. By Application - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 18. By Application - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 19. By Application - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Sales (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 20. By Application - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Sales (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 21. By Region – Global Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 VS 2028
Table 22. By Region - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 23. By Region - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 24. By Region - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Sales (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 25. By Region - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Sales (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 26. By Country - North America Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 27. By Country - North America Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 28. By Country - North America Silicone Tent Sealant Sales, (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 29. By Country - North America Silicone Tent Sealant Sales, (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 30. By Country - Europe Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 31. By Country - Europe Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 32. By Country - Europe Silicone Tent Sealant Sales, (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 33. By Country - Europe Silicone Tent Sealant Sales, (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 34. By Region - Asia Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 35. By Region - Asia Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 36. By Region - Asia Silicone Tent Sealant Sales, (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 37. By Region - Asia Silicone Tent Sealant Sales, (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 38. By Country - South America Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 39. By Country - South America Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 40. By Country - South America Silicone Tent Sealant Sales, (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 41. By Country - South America Silicone Tent Sealant Sales, (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Silicone Tent Sealant Sales, (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Silicone Tent Sealant Sales, (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 46. GEAR AID Corporate Summary
Table 47. GEAR AID Silicone Tent Sealant Product Offerings
Table 48. GEAR AID Silicone Tent Sealant Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 49. McNett Corporate Summary
Table 50. McNett Silicone Tent Sealant Product Offerings
Table 51. McNett Silicone Tent Sealant Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 52. Wilderness Equipment Corporate Summary
Table 53. Wilderness Equipment Silicone Tent Sealant Product Offerings
Table 54. Wilderness Equipment Silicone Tent Sealant Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 55. San Feng Corporate Summary
Table 56. San Feng Silicone Tent Sealant Product Offerings
Table 57. San Feng Silicone Tent Sealant Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 58. PERMATEX Corporate Summary
Table 59. PERMATEX Silicone Tent Sealant Product Offerings
Table 60. PERMATEX Silicone Tent Sealant Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 61. Silicone Tent Sealant Production Capacity (Tons) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2020-2022 (Tons)
Table 62. Global Silicone Tent Sealant Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2020-2022
Table 63. Global Silicone Tent Sealant Production by Region, 2017-2022 (Tons)
Table 64. Global Silicone Tent Sealant Production by Region, 2023-2028 (Tons)
Table 65. Silicone Tent Sealant Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 66. Silicone Tent Sealant Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 67. Silicone Tent Sealant Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 68. Silicone Tent Sealant Raw Materials
Table 69. Silicone Tent Sealant Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 70. Typical Silicone Tent Sealant Downstream
Table 71. Silicone Tent Sealant Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 72. Silicone Tent Sealant Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market

List Of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Silicone Tent Sealant Segment by Type
Figure 2. Silicone Tent Sealant Segment by Application
Figure 3. Global Silicone Tent Sealant Market Overview: 2021
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Silicone Tent Sealant Market Size: 2021 VS 2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, 2017-2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Silicone Tent Sealant Sales in Global Market: 2017-2028 (Tons)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue in 2021
Figure 9. By Type - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 10. By Type - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 11. By Type - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Price (US$/Ton), 2017-2028
Figure 12. By Application - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 13. By Application - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 14. By Application - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Price (US$/Ton), 2017-2028
Figure 15. By Region - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 16. By Region - Global Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 17. By Country - North America Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 18. By Country - North America Silicone Tent Sealant Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 19. US Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 20. Canada Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 21. Mexico Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 22. By Country - Europe Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 23. By Country - Europe Silicone Tent Sealant Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 24. Germany Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 25. France Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 26. U.K. Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 27. Italy Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 28. Russia Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 29. Nordic Countries Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 30. Benelux Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 31. By Region - Asia Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 32. By Region - Asia Silicone Tent Sealant Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 33. China Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 34. Japan Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 35. South Korea Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 36. Southeast Asia Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 37. India Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 38. By Country - South America Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 39. By Country - South America Silicone Tent Sealant Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 40. Brazil Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 41. Argentina Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Silicone Tent Sealant Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 44. Turkey Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 45. Israel Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 46. Saudi Arabia Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 47. UAE Silicone Tent Sealant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 48. Global Silicone Tent Sealant Production Capacity (Tons), 2017-2028
Figure 49. The Percentage of Production Silicone Tent Sealant by Region, 2021 VS 2028
Figure 50. Silicone Tent Sealant Industry Value Chain
Figure 51. Marketing Channels