Global Mortar Market Analysis and Forecast 2024-2030
Mortar is a workable paste used to bind building blocks such as stones, bricks, and concrete masonry units together, fill and seal the irregular gaps between them, and sometimes add decorative colors or patterns in masonry walls. In its broadest sense mortar includes Wet Mixed Mortar and Dry Mortar.
According to APO Research, The global Mortar market is projected to grow from US$ million in 2024 to US$ million by 2030, at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of % during the forecast period.
Global Mortar main players are Saint-Gobain Weber, Materis, Sika, Henkel, Mapei, etc. Global top five manufacturers hold a share about 25%. Asia-Pacific is the largest market, with a share nearly 45%.
In terms of production side, this report researches the Mortar production, growth rate, market share by manufacturers and by region (region level and country level), from 2019 to 2024, and forecast to 2030.
In terms of consumption side, this report focuses on the sales of Mortar by region (region level and country level), by Company, by Type and by Application. from 2019 to 2024 and forecast to 2030.
This report presents an overview of global market for Mortar, capacity, output, revenue and price. Analyses of the global market trends, with historic market revenue or sales data for 2019 - 2023, estimates for 2024, and projections of CAGR through 2030.
This report researches the key producers of Mortar, also provides the consumption of main regions and countries. Of the upcoming market potential for Mortar, and key regions or countries of focus to forecast this market into various segments and sub-segments. Country specific data and market value analysis for the U.S., Canada, Mexico, Brazil, China, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, India, Germany, the U.K., Italy, Middle East, Africa, and Other Countries.
This report focuses on the Mortar sales, revenue, market share and industry ranking of main manufacturers, data from 2019 to 2024. Identification of the major stakeholders in the global Mortar market, and analysis of their competitive landscape and market positioning based on recent developments and segmental revenues. This report will help stakeholders to understand the competitive landscape and gain more insights and position their businesses and market strategies in a better way.
This report analyzes the segments data by Type and by Application, sales, revenue, and price, from 2019 to 2030. Evaluation and forecast the market size for Mortar sales, projected growth trends, production technology, application and end-user industry.
Descriptive company profiles of the major global players, including Saint-Gobain Weber (FR), Materis (FR), Sika (CH), Henkel (FR), Mapei (IT), Sto (DE), Ardex (DE), BASF (DE) and Baumit (AT), etc.
Mortar segment by Company
1. To analyze and research the global status and future forecast, involving, production, value, consumption, growth rate (CAGR), market share, historical and forecast.
2. To present the key manufacturers, capacity, production, revenue, market share, and Recent Developments.
3. To split the breakdown data by regions, type, manufacturers, and Application.
4. To analyze the global and key regions market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints, and risks.
5. To identify significant trends, drivers, influence factors in global and regions.
6. To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market.
Reasons to Buy This Report
1. This report will help the readers to understand the competition within the industries and strategies for the competitive environment to enhance the potential profit. The report also focuses on the competitive landscape of the global Mortar market, and introduces in detail the market share, industry ranking, competitor ecosystem, market performance, new product development, operation situation, expansion, and acquisition. etc. of the main players, which helps the readers to identify the main competitors and deeply understand the competition pattern of the market.
2. This report will help stakeholders to understand the global industry status and trends of Mortar and provides them with information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.
3. This report will help stakeholders to understand competitors better and gain more insights to strengthen their position in their businesses. The competitive landscape section includes the market share and rank (in volume and value), competitor ecosystem, new product development, expansion, and acquisition.
4. This report stays updated with novel technology integration, features, and the latest developments in the market.
5. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into which regions to target globally.
6. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into the end-user perception concerning the adoption of Mortar.
7. This report helps stakeholders to identify some of the key players in the market and understand their valuable contribution.
Chapter Outline
Chapter 1: Introduces the report scope of the report, executive summary of different market segments (by type and by application, etc), including the market size of each market segment, future development potential, and so on. It offers a high-level view of the current state of the market and its likely evolution in the short to mid-term, and long term.
Chapter 2: Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 3: Mortar production/output of global and key producers (regions/countries). It provides a quantitative analysis of the production, and development potential of each producer in the next six years.
Chapter 4: Sales (consumption), revenue of Mortar in global, regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 5: Detailed analysis of Mortar manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales, revenue, market share and industry ranking, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 6: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the sales, revenue, average price, and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 7: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the sales, revenue, average price, and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 8: Provides profiles of key manufacturers, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product descriptions and specifications, Mortar sales, revenue, price, gross margin, and recent development, etc.
Chapter 9: North America (US & Canada) by type, by application and by country, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 10: Europe by type, by application and by country, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 11: China by type, by application, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 12: Asia (Excluding China) by type, by application and by region, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 13: Middle East, Africa, Latin America by type, by application and by country, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 14: Analysis of industrial chain, sales channel, key raw materials, distributors and customers.
Chapter 15: The main concluding insights of the report.
Chapter 15: The main concluding insights of the report.
According to APO Research, The global Mortar market is projected to grow from US$ million in 2024 to US$ million by 2030, at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of % during the forecast period.
Global Mortar main players are Saint-Gobain Weber, Materis, Sika, Henkel, Mapei, etc. Global top five manufacturers hold a share about 25%. Asia-Pacific is the largest market, with a share nearly 45%.
In terms of production side, this report researches the Mortar production, growth rate, market share by manufacturers and by region (region level and country level), from 2019 to 2024, and forecast to 2030.
In terms of consumption side, this report focuses on the sales of Mortar by region (region level and country level), by Company, by Type and by Application. from 2019 to 2024 and forecast to 2030.
This report presents an overview of global market for Mortar, capacity, output, revenue and price. Analyses of the global market trends, with historic market revenue or sales data for 2019 - 2023, estimates for 2024, and projections of CAGR through 2030.
This report researches the key producers of Mortar, also provides the consumption of main regions and countries. Of the upcoming market potential for Mortar, and key regions or countries of focus to forecast this market into various segments and sub-segments. Country specific data and market value analysis for the U.S., Canada, Mexico, Brazil, China, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, India, Germany, the U.K., Italy, Middle East, Africa, and Other Countries.
This report focuses on the Mortar sales, revenue, market share and industry ranking of main manufacturers, data from 2019 to 2024. Identification of the major stakeholders in the global Mortar market, and analysis of their competitive landscape and market positioning based on recent developments and segmental revenues. This report will help stakeholders to understand the competitive landscape and gain more insights and position their businesses and market strategies in a better way.
This report analyzes the segments data by Type and by Application, sales, revenue, and price, from 2019 to 2030. Evaluation and forecast the market size for Mortar sales, projected growth trends, production technology, application and end-user industry.
Descriptive company profiles of the major global players, including Saint-Gobain Weber (FR), Materis (FR), Sika (CH), Henkel (FR), Mapei (IT), Sto (DE), Ardex (DE), BASF (DE) and Baumit (AT), etc.
Mortar segment by Company
- Saint-Gobain Weber (FR)
- Materis (FR)
- Sika (CH)
- Henkel (FR)
- Mapei (IT)
- Sto (DE)
- Ardex (DE)
- BASF (DE)
- Baumit (AT)
- Bostik (FR)
- Knauf (DE)
- CBP (US)
- Caparol (DE)
- Cemex (US)
- HB Fuller (US)
- Quick-mix (DE)
- Dryvit Systems (US)
- Hanil Cement (KR)
- AdePlast (IT)
- Forbo (CH)
- CPI Mortars (UK)
- Grupo Puma (ES)
- Tarmac(UK)
- Wet Mixed Mortar
- Dry Mortar
- Construction
- Home Decoration
- Others
- North America
- U.S.
- Canada
- Europe
- Germany
- France
- U.K.
- Italy
- Russia
- Asia-Pacific
- China
- Japan
- South Korea
- India
- Australia
- China Taiwan
- Indonesia
- Thailand
- Malaysia
- Latin America
- Mexico
- Brazil
- Argentina
- Middle East & Africa
- Turkey
- Saudi Arabia
- UAE
1. To analyze and research the global status and future forecast, involving, production, value, consumption, growth rate (CAGR), market share, historical and forecast.
2. To present the key manufacturers, capacity, production, revenue, market share, and Recent Developments.
3. To split the breakdown data by regions, type, manufacturers, and Application.
4. To analyze the global and key regions market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints, and risks.
5. To identify significant trends, drivers, influence factors in global and regions.
6. To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market.
Reasons to Buy This Report
1. This report will help the readers to understand the competition within the industries and strategies for the competitive environment to enhance the potential profit. The report also focuses on the competitive landscape of the global Mortar market, and introduces in detail the market share, industry ranking, competitor ecosystem, market performance, new product development, operation situation, expansion, and acquisition. etc. of the main players, which helps the readers to identify the main competitors and deeply understand the competition pattern of the market.
2. This report will help stakeholders to understand the global industry status and trends of Mortar and provides them with information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.
3. This report will help stakeholders to understand competitors better and gain more insights to strengthen their position in their businesses. The competitive landscape section includes the market share and rank (in volume and value), competitor ecosystem, new product development, expansion, and acquisition.
4. This report stays updated with novel technology integration, features, and the latest developments in the market.
5. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into which regions to target globally.
6. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into the end-user perception concerning the adoption of Mortar.
7. This report helps stakeholders to identify some of the key players in the market and understand their valuable contribution.
Chapter Outline
Chapter 1: Introduces the report scope of the report, executive summary of different market segments (by type and by application, etc), including the market size of each market segment, future development potential, and so on. It offers a high-level view of the current state of the market and its likely evolution in the short to mid-term, and long term.
Chapter 2: Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 3: Mortar production/output of global and key producers (regions/countries). It provides a quantitative analysis of the production, and development potential of each producer in the next six years.
Chapter 4: Sales (consumption), revenue of Mortar in global, regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 5: Detailed analysis of Mortar manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales, revenue, market share and industry ranking, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 6: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the sales, revenue, average price, and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 7: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the sales, revenue, average price, and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 8: Provides profiles of key manufacturers, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product descriptions and specifications, Mortar sales, revenue, price, gross margin, and recent development, etc.
Chapter 9: North America (US & Canada) by type, by application and by country, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 10: Europe by type, by application and by country, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 11: China by type, by application, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 12: Asia (Excluding China) by type, by application and by region, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 13: Middle East, Africa, Latin America by type, by application and by country, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 14: Analysis of industrial chain, sales channel, key raw materials, distributors and customers.
Chapter 15: The main concluding insights of the report.
Chapter 15: The main concluding insights of the report.
1 MARKET OVERVIEW
1.1 Product Definition
1.2 Mortar Market by Type
1.2.1 Global Mortar Market Size by Type, 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
1.2.2 Wet Mixed Mortar
1.2.3 Dry Mortar
1.3 Mortar Market by Application
1.3.1 Global Mortar Market Size by Application, 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
1.3.2 Construction
1.3.3 Home Decoration
1.3.4 Others
1.4 Assumptions and Limitations
1.5 Study Goals and Objectives
2 MORTAR MARKET DYNAMICS
2.1 Mortar Industry Trends
2.2 Mortar Industry Drivers
2.3 Mortar Industry Opportunities and Challenges
2.4 Mortar Industry Restraints
3 GLOBAL MORTAR PRODUCTION OVERVIEW
3.1 Global Mortar Production Capacity (2019-2030)
3.2 Global Mortar Production by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
3.3 Global Mortar Production by Region
3.3.1 Global Mortar Production by Region (2019-2024)
3.3.2 Global Mortar Production by Region (2025-2030)
3.3.3 Global Mortar Production Market Share by Region (2019-2030)
3.4 North America
3.5 Europe
3.6 China
3.7 South Korea
4 GLOBAL MARKET GROWTH PROSPECTS
4.1 Global Mortar Revenue Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
4.2 Global Mortar Revenue by Region
4.2.1 Global Mortar Revenue by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.2.2 Global Mortar Revenue by Region (2019-2024)
4.2.3 Global Mortar Revenue by Region (2025-2030)
4.2.4 Global Mortar Revenue Market Share by Region (2019-2030)
4.3 Global Mortar Sales Estimates and Forecasts 2019-2030
4.4 Global Mortar Sales by Region
4.4.1 Global Mortar Sales by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.4.2 Global Mortar Sales by Region (2019-2024)
4.4.3 Global Mortar Sales by Region (2025-2030)
4.4.4 Global Mortar Sales Market Share by Region (2019-2030)
4.5 US & Canada
4.6 Europe
4.7 China
4.8 Asia (Excluding China)
4.9 Middle East, Africa and Latin America
5 MARKET COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE BY MANUFACTURERS
5.1 Global Mortar Revenue by Manufacturers
5.1.1 Global Mortar Revenue by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
5.1.2 Global Mortar Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
5.1.3 Global Mortar Manufacturers Revenue Share Top 10 and Top 5 in 2023
5.2 Global Mortar Sales by Manufacturers
5.2.1 Global Mortar Sales by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
5.2.2 Global Mortar Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
5.2.3 Global Mortar Manufacturers Sales Share Top 10 and Top 5 in 2023
5.3 Global Mortar Sales Price by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
5.4 Global Mortar Key Manufacturers Ranking, 2022 VS 2023 VS 2024
5.5 Global Mortar Key Manufacturers Manufacturing Sites & Headquarters
5.6 Global Mortar Manufacturers, Product Type & Application
5.7 Global Mortar Manufacturers Commercialization Time
5.8 Market Competitive Analysis
5.8.1 Global Mortar Market CR5 and HHI
5.8.2 2023 Mortar Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier
6 MORTAR MARKET BY TYPE
6.1 Global Mortar Revenue by Type
6.1.1 Global Mortar Revenue by Type (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
6.1.2 Global Mortar Revenue by Type (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
6.1.3 Global Mortar Revenue Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
6.2 Global Mortar Sales by Type
6.2.1 Global Mortar Sales by Type (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
6.2.2 Global Mortar Sales by Type (2019-2030) & (K MT)
6.2.3 Global Mortar Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
6.3 Global Mortar Price by Type
7 MORTAR MARKET BY APPLICATION
7.1 Global Mortar Revenue by Application
7.1.1 Global Mortar Revenue by Application (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
7.1.2 Global Mortar Revenue by Application (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
7.1.3 Global Mortar Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
7.2 Global Mortar Sales by Application
7.2.1 Global Mortar Sales by Application (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
7.2.2 Global Mortar Sales by Application (2019-2030) & (K MT)
7.2.3 Global Mortar Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
7.3 Global Mortar Price by Application
8 COMPANY PROFILES
8.1 Saint-Gobain Weber (FR)
8.1.1 Saint-Gobain Weber (FR) Comapny Information
8.1.2 Saint-Gobain Weber (FR) Business Overview
8.1.3 Saint-Gobain Weber (FR) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.1.4 Saint-Gobain Weber (FR) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.1.5 Saint-Gobain Weber (FR) Recent Developments
8.2 Materis (FR)
8.2.1 Materis (FR) Comapny Information
8.2.2 Materis (FR) Business Overview
8.2.3 Materis (FR) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.2.4 Materis (FR) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.2.5 Materis (FR) Recent Developments
8.3 Sika (CH)
8.3.1 Sika (CH) Comapny Information
8.3.2 Sika (CH) Business Overview
8.3.3 Sika (CH) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.3.4 Sika (CH) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.3.5 Sika (CH) Recent Developments
8.4 Henkel (FR)
8.4.1 Henkel (FR) Comapny Information
8.4.2 Henkel (FR) Business Overview
8.4.3 Henkel (FR) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.4.4 Henkel (FR) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.4.5 Henkel (FR) Recent Developments
8.5 Mapei (IT)
8.5.1 Mapei (IT) Comapny Information
8.5.2 Mapei (IT) Business Overview
8.5.3 Mapei (IT) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.5.4 Mapei (IT) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.5.5 Mapei (IT) Recent Developments
8.6 Sto (DE)
8.6.1 Sto (DE) Comapny Information
8.6.2 Sto (DE) Business Overview
8.6.3 Sto (DE) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.6.4 Sto (DE) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.6.5 Sto (DE) Recent Developments
8.7 Ardex (DE)
8.7.1 Ardex (DE) Comapny Information
8.7.2 Ardex (DE) Business Overview
8.7.3 Ardex (DE) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.7.4 Ardex (DE) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.7.5 Ardex (DE) Recent Developments
8.8 BASF (DE)
8.8.1 BASF (DE) Comapny Information
8.8.2 BASF (DE) Business Overview
8.8.3 BASF (DE) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.8.4 BASF (DE) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.8.5 BASF (DE) Recent Developments
8.9 Baumit (AT)
8.9.1 Baumit (AT) Comapny Information
8.9.2 Baumit (AT) Business Overview
8.9.3 Baumit (AT) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.9.4 Baumit (AT) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.9.5 Baumit (AT) Recent Developments
8.10 Bostik (FR)
8.10.1 Bostik (FR) Comapny Information
8.10.2 Bostik (FR) Business Overview
8.10.3 Bostik (FR) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.10.4 Bostik (FR) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.10.5 Bostik (FR) Recent Developments
8.11 Knauf (DE)
8.11.1 Knauf (DE) Comapny Information
8.11.2 Knauf (DE) Business Overview
8.11.3 Knauf (DE) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.11.4 Knauf (DE) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.11.5 Knauf (DE) Recent Developments
8.12 CBP (US)
8.12.1 CBP (US) Comapny Information
8.12.2 CBP (US) Business Overview
8.12.3 CBP (US) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.12.4 CBP (US) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.12.5 CBP (US) Recent Developments
8.13 Caparol (DE)
8.13.1 Caparol (DE) Comapny Information
8.13.2 Caparol (DE) Business Overview
8.13.3 Caparol (DE) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.13.4 Caparol (DE) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.13.5 Caparol (DE) Recent Developments
8.14 Cemex (US)
8.14.1 Cemex (US) Comapny Information
8.14.2 Cemex (US) Business Overview
8.14.3 Cemex (US) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.14.4 Cemex (US) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.14.5 Cemex (US) Recent Developments
8.15 HB Fuller (US)
8.15.1 HB Fuller (US) Comapny Information
8.15.2 HB Fuller (US) Business Overview
8.15.3 HB Fuller (US) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.15.4 HB Fuller (US) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.15.5 HB Fuller (US) Recent Developments
8.16 Quick-mix (DE)
8.16.1 Quick-mix (DE) Comapny Information
8.16.2 Quick-mix (DE) Business Overview
8.16.3 Quick-mix (DE) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.16.4 Quick-mix (DE) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.16.5 Quick-mix (DE) Recent Developments
8.17 Dryvit Systems (US)
8.17.1 Dryvit Systems (US) Comapny Information
8.17.2 Dryvit Systems (US) Business Overview
8.17.3 Dryvit Systems (US) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.17.4 Dryvit Systems (US) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.17.5 Dryvit Systems (US) Recent Developments
8.18 Hanil Cement (KR)
8.18.1 Hanil Cement (KR) Comapny Information
8.18.2 Hanil Cement (KR) Business Overview
8.18.3 Hanil Cement (KR) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.18.4 Hanil Cement (KR) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.18.5 Hanil Cement (KR) Recent Developments
8.19 AdePlast (IT)
8.19.1 AdePlast (IT) Comapny Information
8.19.2 AdePlast (IT) Business Overview
8.19.3 AdePlast (IT) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.19.4 AdePlast (IT) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.19.5 AdePlast (IT) Recent Developments
8.20 Forbo (CH)
8.20.1 Forbo (CH) Comapny Information
8.20.2 Forbo (CH) Business Overview
8.20.3 Forbo (CH) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.20.4 Forbo (CH) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.20.5 Forbo (CH) Recent Developments
8.21 CPI Mortars (UK)
8.21.1 CPI Mortars (UK) Comapny Information
8.21.2 CPI Mortars (UK) Business Overview
8.21.3 CPI Mortars (UK) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.21.4 CPI Mortars (UK) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.21.5 CPI Mortars (UK) Recent Developments
8.22 Grupo Puma (ES)
8.22.1 Grupo Puma (ES) Comapny Information
8.22.2 Grupo Puma (ES) Business Overview
8.22.3 Grupo Puma (ES) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.22.4 Grupo Puma (ES) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.22.5 Grupo Puma (ES) Recent Developments
8.23 Tarmac(UK)
8.23.1 Tarmac(UK) Comapny Information
8.23.2 Tarmac(UK) Business Overview
8.23.3 Tarmac(UK) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.23.4 Tarmac(UK) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.23.5 Tarmac(UK) Recent Developments
9 NORTH AMERICA
9.1 North America Mortar Market Size by Type
9.1.1 North America Mortar Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
9.1.2 North America Mortar Sales by Type (2019-2030)
9.1.3 North America Mortar Price by Type (2019-2030)
9.2 North America Mortar Market Size by Application
9.2.1 North America Mortar Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
9.2.2 North America Mortar Sales by Application (2019-2030)
9.2.3 North America Mortar Price by Application (2019-2030)
9.3 North America Mortar Market Size by Country
9.3.1 North America Mortar Revenue Grow Rate by Country (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
9.3.2 North America Mortar Sales by Country (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
9.3.3 North America Mortar Price by Country (2019-2030)
9.3.4 U.S.
9.3.5 Canada
10 EUROPE
10.1 Europe Mortar Market Size by Type
10.1.1 Europe Mortar Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
10.1.2 Europe Mortar Sales by Type (2019-2030)
10.1.3 Europe Mortar Price by Type (2019-2030)
10.2 Europe Mortar Market Size by Application
10.2.1 Europe Mortar Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
10.2.2 Europe Mortar Sales by Application (2019-2030)
10.2.3 Europe Mortar Price by Application (2019-2030)
10.3 Europe Mortar Market Size by Country
10.3.1 Europe Mortar Revenue Grow Rate by Country (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
10.3.2 Europe Mortar Sales by Country (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
10.3.3 Europe Mortar Price by Country (2019-2030)
10.3.4 Germany
10.3.5 France
10.3.6 U.K.
10.3.7 Italy
10.3.8 Russia
11 CHINA
11.1 China Mortar Market Size by Type
11.1.1 China Mortar Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
11.1.2 China Mortar Sales by Type (2019-2030)
11.1.3 China Mortar Price by Type (2019-2030)
11.2 China Mortar Market Size by Application
11.2.1 China Mortar Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
11.2.2 China Mortar Sales by Application (2019-2030)
11.2.3 China Mortar Price by Application (2019-2030)
12 ASIA (EXCLUDING CHINA)
12.1 Asia Mortar Market Size by Type
12.1.1 Asia Mortar Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
12.1.2 Asia Mortar Sales by Type (2019-2030)
12.1.3 Asia Mortar Price by Type (2019-2030)
12.2 Asia Mortar Market Size by Application
12.2.1 Asia Mortar Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
12.2.2 Asia Mortar Sales by Application (2019-2030)
12.2.3 Asia Mortar Price by Application (2019-2030)
12.3 Asia Mortar Market Size by Country
12.3.1 Asia Mortar Revenue Grow Rate by Country (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
12.3.2 Asia Mortar Sales by Country (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
12.3.3 Asia Mortar Price by Country (2019-2030)
12.3.4 Japan
12.3.5 South Korea
12.3.6 India
12.3.7 Australia
12.3.8 China Taiwan
12.3.9 Southeast Asia
13 MIDDLE EAST, AFRICA AND LATIN AMERICA
13.1 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mortar Market Size by Type
13.1.1 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mortar Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
13.1.2 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mortar Sales by Type (2019-2030)
13.1.3 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mortar Price by Type (2019-2030)
13.2 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mortar Market Size by Application
13.2.1 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mortar Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
13.2.2 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mortar Sales by Application (2019-2030)
13.2.3 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mortar Price by Application (2019-2030)
13.3 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mortar Market Size by Country
13.3.1 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mortar Revenue Grow Rate by Country (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
13.3.2 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mortar Sales by Country (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
13.3.3 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mortar Price by Country (2019-2030)
13.3.4 Mexico
13.3.5 Brazil
13.3.6 Israel
13.3.7 Argentina
13.3.8 Colombia
13.3.9 Turkey
13.3.10 Saudi Arabia
13.3.11 UAE
14 VALUE CHAIN AND SALES CHANNELS ANALYSIS
14.1 Mortar Value Chain Analysis
14.1.1 Mortar Key Raw Materials
14.1.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
14.1.3 Manufacturing Cost Structure
14.1.4 Mortar Production Mode & Process
14.2 Mortar Sales Channels Analysis
14.2.1 Direct Comparison with Distribution Share
14.2.2 Mortar Distributors
14.2.3 Mortar Customers
15 CONCLUDING INSIGHTS
16 APPENDIX
16.1 Reasons for Doing This Study
16.2 Research Methodology
16.3 Research Process
16.4 Authors List of This Report
16.5 Data Source
16.5.1 Secondary Sources
16.5.2 Primary Sources
16.6 Disclaimer
1.1 Product Definition
1.2 Mortar Market by Type
1.2.1 Global Mortar Market Size by Type, 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
1.2.2 Wet Mixed Mortar
1.2.3 Dry Mortar
1.3 Mortar Market by Application
1.3.1 Global Mortar Market Size by Application, 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
1.3.2 Construction
1.3.3 Home Decoration
1.3.4 Others
1.4 Assumptions and Limitations
1.5 Study Goals and Objectives
2 MORTAR MARKET DYNAMICS
2.1 Mortar Industry Trends
2.2 Mortar Industry Drivers
2.3 Mortar Industry Opportunities and Challenges
2.4 Mortar Industry Restraints
3 GLOBAL MORTAR PRODUCTION OVERVIEW
3.1 Global Mortar Production Capacity (2019-2030)
3.2 Global Mortar Production by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
3.3 Global Mortar Production by Region
3.3.1 Global Mortar Production by Region (2019-2024)
3.3.2 Global Mortar Production by Region (2025-2030)
3.3.3 Global Mortar Production Market Share by Region (2019-2030)
3.4 North America
3.5 Europe
3.6 China
3.7 South Korea
4 GLOBAL MARKET GROWTH PROSPECTS
4.1 Global Mortar Revenue Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
4.2 Global Mortar Revenue by Region
4.2.1 Global Mortar Revenue by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.2.2 Global Mortar Revenue by Region (2019-2024)
4.2.3 Global Mortar Revenue by Region (2025-2030)
4.2.4 Global Mortar Revenue Market Share by Region (2019-2030)
4.3 Global Mortar Sales Estimates and Forecasts 2019-2030
4.4 Global Mortar Sales by Region
4.4.1 Global Mortar Sales by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.4.2 Global Mortar Sales by Region (2019-2024)
4.4.3 Global Mortar Sales by Region (2025-2030)
4.4.4 Global Mortar Sales Market Share by Region (2019-2030)
4.5 US & Canada
4.6 Europe
4.7 China
4.8 Asia (Excluding China)
4.9 Middle East, Africa and Latin America
5 MARKET COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE BY MANUFACTURERS
5.1 Global Mortar Revenue by Manufacturers
5.1.1 Global Mortar Revenue by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
5.1.2 Global Mortar Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
5.1.3 Global Mortar Manufacturers Revenue Share Top 10 and Top 5 in 2023
5.2 Global Mortar Sales by Manufacturers
5.2.1 Global Mortar Sales by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
5.2.2 Global Mortar Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
5.2.3 Global Mortar Manufacturers Sales Share Top 10 and Top 5 in 2023
5.3 Global Mortar Sales Price by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
5.4 Global Mortar Key Manufacturers Ranking, 2022 VS 2023 VS 2024
5.5 Global Mortar Key Manufacturers Manufacturing Sites & Headquarters
5.6 Global Mortar Manufacturers, Product Type & Application
5.7 Global Mortar Manufacturers Commercialization Time
5.8 Market Competitive Analysis
5.8.1 Global Mortar Market CR5 and HHI
5.8.2 2023 Mortar Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier
6 MORTAR MARKET BY TYPE
6.1 Global Mortar Revenue by Type
6.1.1 Global Mortar Revenue by Type (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
6.1.2 Global Mortar Revenue by Type (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
6.1.3 Global Mortar Revenue Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
6.2 Global Mortar Sales by Type
6.2.1 Global Mortar Sales by Type (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
6.2.2 Global Mortar Sales by Type (2019-2030) & (K MT)
6.2.3 Global Mortar Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
6.3 Global Mortar Price by Type
7 MORTAR MARKET BY APPLICATION
7.1 Global Mortar Revenue by Application
7.1.1 Global Mortar Revenue by Application (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
7.1.2 Global Mortar Revenue by Application (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
7.1.3 Global Mortar Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
7.2 Global Mortar Sales by Application
7.2.1 Global Mortar Sales by Application (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
7.2.2 Global Mortar Sales by Application (2019-2030) & (K MT)
7.2.3 Global Mortar Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
7.3 Global Mortar Price by Application
8 COMPANY PROFILES
8.1 Saint-Gobain Weber (FR)
8.1.1 Saint-Gobain Weber (FR) Comapny Information
8.1.2 Saint-Gobain Weber (FR) Business Overview
8.1.3 Saint-Gobain Weber (FR) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.1.4 Saint-Gobain Weber (FR) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.1.5 Saint-Gobain Weber (FR) Recent Developments
8.2 Materis (FR)
8.2.1 Materis (FR) Comapny Information
8.2.2 Materis (FR) Business Overview
8.2.3 Materis (FR) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.2.4 Materis (FR) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.2.5 Materis (FR) Recent Developments
8.3 Sika (CH)
8.3.1 Sika (CH) Comapny Information
8.3.2 Sika (CH) Business Overview
8.3.3 Sika (CH) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.3.4 Sika (CH) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.3.5 Sika (CH) Recent Developments
8.4 Henkel (FR)
8.4.1 Henkel (FR) Comapny Information
8.4.2 Henkel (FR) Business Overview
8.4.3 Henkel (FR) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.4.4 Henkel (FR) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.4.5 Henkel (FR) Recent Developments
8.5 Mapei (IT)
8.5.1 Mapei (IT) Comapny Information
8.5.2 Mapei (IT) Business Overview
8.5.3 Mapei (IT) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.5.4 Mapei (IT) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.5.5 Mapei (IT) Recent Developments
8.6 Sto (DE)
8.6.1 Sto (DE) Comapny Information
8.6.2 Sto (DE) Business Overview
8.6.3 Sto (DE) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.6.4 Sto (DE) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.6.5 Sto (DE) Recent Developments
8.7 Ardex (DE)
8.7.1 Ardex (DE) Comapny Information
8.7.2 Ardex (DE) Business Overview
8.7.3 Ardex (DE) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.7.4 Ardex (DE) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.7.5 Ardex (DE) Recent Developments
8.8 BASF (DE)
8.8.1 BASF (DE) Comapny Information
8.8.2 BASF (DE) Business Overview
8.8.3 BASF (DE) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.8.4 BASF (DE) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.8.5 BASF (DE) Recent Developments
8.9 Baumit (AT)
8.9.1 Baumit (AT) Comapny Information
8.9.2 Baumit (AT) Business Overview
8.9.3 Baumit (AT) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.9.4 Baumit (AT) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.9.5 Baumit (AT) Recent Developments
8.10 Bostik (FR)
8.10.1 Bostik (FR) Comapny Information
8.10.2 Bostik (FR) Business Overview
8.10.3 Bostik (FR) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.10.4 Bostik (FR) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.10.5 Bostik (FR) Recent Developments
8.11 Knauf (DE)
8.11.1 Knauf (DE) Comapny Information
8.11.2 Knauf (DE) Business Overview
8.11.3 Knauf (DE) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.11.4 Knauf (DE) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.11.5 Knauf (DE) Recent Developments
8.12 CBP (US)
8.12.1 CBP (US) Comapny Information
8.12.2 CBP (US) Business Overview
8.12.3 CBP (US) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.12.4 CBP (US) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.12.5 CBP (US) Recent Developments
8.13 Caparol (DE)
8.13.1 Caparol (DE) Comapny Information
8.13.2 Caparol (DE) Business Overview
8.13.3 Caparol (DE) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.13.4 Caparol (DE) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.13.5 Caparol (DE) Recent Developments
8.14 Cemex (US)
8.14.1 Cemex (US) Comapny Information
8.14.2 Cemex (US) Business Overview
8.14.3 Cemex (US) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.14.4 Cemex (US) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.14.5 Cemex (US) Recent Developments
8.15 HB Fuller (US)
8.15.1 HB Fuller (US) Comapny Information
8.15.2 HB Fuller (US) Business Overview
8.15.3 HB Fuller (US) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.15.4 HB Fuller (US) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.15.5 HB Fuller (US) Recent Developments
8.16 Quick-mix (DE)
8.16.1 Quick-mix (DE) Comapny Information
8.16.2 Quick-mix (DE) Business Overview
8.16.3 Quick-mix (DE) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.16.4 Quick-mix (DE) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.16.5 Quick-mix (DE) Recent Developments
8.17 Dryvit Systems (US)
8.17.1 Dryvit Systems (US) Comapny Information
8.17.2 Dryvit Systems (US) Business Overview
8.17.3 Dryvit Systems (US) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.17.4 Dryvit Systems (US) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.17.5 Dryvit Systems (US) Recent Developments
8.18 Hanil Cement (KR)
8.18.1 Hanil Cement (KR) Comapny Information
8.18.2 Hanil Cement (KR) Business Overview
8.18.3 Hanil Cement (KR) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.18.4 Hanil Cement (KR) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.18.5 Hanil Cement (KR) Recent Developments
8.19 AdePlast (IT)
8.19.1 AdePlast (IT) Comapny Information
8.19.2 AdePlast (IT) Business Overview
8.19.3 AdePlast (IT) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.19.4 AdePlast (IT) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.19.5 AdePlast (IT) Recent Developments
8.20 Forbo (CH)
8.20.1 Forbo (CH) Comapny Information
8.20.2 Forbo (CH) Business Overview
8.20.3 Forbo (CH) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.20.4 Forbo (CH) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.20.5 Forbo (CH) Recent Developments
8.21 CPI Mortars (UK)
8.21.1 CPI Mortars (UK) Comapny Information
8.21.2 CPI Mortars (UK) Business Overview
8.21.3 CPI Mortars (UK) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.21.4 CPI Mortars (UK) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.21.5 CPI Mortars (UK) Recent Developments
8.22 Grupo Puma (ES)
8.22.1 Grupo Puma (ES) Comapny Information
8.22.2 Grupo Puma (ES) Business Overview
8.22.3 Grupo Puma (ES) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.22.4 Grupo Puma (ES) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.22.5 Grupo Puma (ES) Recent Developments
8.23 Tarmac(UK)
8.23.1 Tarmac(UK) Comapny Information
8.23.2 Tarmac(UK) Business Overview
8.23.3 Tarmac(UK) Mortar Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.23.4 Tarmac(UK) Mortar Product Portfolio
8.23.5 Tarmac(UK) Recent Developments
9 NORTH AMERICA
9.1 North America Mortar Market Size by Type
9.1.1 North America Mortar Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
9.1.2 North America Mortar Sales by Type (2019-2030)
9.1.3 North America Mortar Price by Type (2019-2030)
9.2 North America Mortar Market Size by Application
9.2.1 North America Mortar Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
9.2.2 North America Mortar Sales by Application (2019-2030)
9.2.3 North America Mortar Price by Application (2019-2030)
9.3 North America Mortar Market Size by Country
9.3.1 North America Mortar Revenue Grow Rate by Country (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
9.3.2 North America Mortar Sales by Country (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
9.3.3 North America Mortar Price by Country (2019-2030)
9.3.4 U.S.
9.3.5 Canada
10 EUROPE
10.1 Europe Mortar Market Size by Type
10.1.1 Europe Mortar Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
10.1.2 Europe Mortar Sales by Type (2019-2030)
10.1.3 Europe Mortar Price by Type (2019-2030)
10.2 Europe Mortar Market Size by Application
10.2.1 Europe Mortar Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
10.2.2 Europe Mortar Sales by Application (2019-2030)
10.2.3 Europe Mortar Price by Application (2019-2030)
10.3 Europe Mortar Market Size by Country
10.3.1 Europe Mortar Revenue Grow Rate by Country (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
10.3.2 Europe Mortar Sales by Country (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
10.3.3 Europe Mortar Price by Country (2019-2030)
10.3.4 Germany
10.3.5 France
10.3.6 U.K.
10.3.7 Italy
10.3.8 Russia
11 CHINA
11.1 China Mortar Market Size by Type
11.1.1 China Mortar Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
11.1.2 China Mortar Sales by Type (2019-2030)
11.1.3 China Mortar Price by Type (2019-2030)
11.2 China Mortar Market Size by Application
11.2.1 China Mortar Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
11.2.2 China Mortar Sales by Application (2019-2030)
11.2.3 China Mortar Price by Application (2019-2030)
12 ASIA (EXCLUDING CHINA)
12.1 Asia Mortar Market Size by Type
12.1.1 Asia Mortar Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
12.1.2 Asia Mortar Sales by Type (2019-2030)
12.1.3 Asia Mortar Price by Type (2019-2030)
12.2 Asia Mortar Market Size by Application
12.2.1 Asia Mortar Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
12.2.2 Asia Mortar Sales by Application (2019-2030)
12.2.3 Asia Mortar Price by Application (2019-2030)
12.3 Asia Mortar Market Size by Country
12.3.1 Asia Mortar Revenue Grow Rate by Country (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
12.3.2 Asia Mortar Sales by Country (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
12.3.3 Asia Mortar Price by Country (2019-2030)
12.3.4 Japan
12.3.5 South Korea
12.3.6 India
12.3.7 Australia
12.3.8 China Taiwan
12.3.9 Southeast Asia
13 MIDDLE EAST, AFRICA AND LATIN AMERICA
13.1 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mortar Market Size by Type
13.1.1 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mortar Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
13.1.2 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mortar Sales by Type (2019-2030)
13.1.3 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mortar Price by Type (2019-2030)
13.2 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mortar Market Size by Application
13.2.1 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mortar Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
13.2.2 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mortar Sales by Application (2019-2030)
13.2.3 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mortar Price by Application (2019-2030)
13.3 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mortar Market Size by Country
13.3.1 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mortar Revenue Grow Rate by Country (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
13.3.2 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mortar Sales by Country (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
13.3.3 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mortar Price by Country (2019-2030)
13.3.4 Mexico
13.3.5 Brazil
13.3.6 Israel
13.3.7 Argentina
13.3.8 Colombia
13.3.9 Turkey
13.3.10 Saudi Arabia
13.3.11 UAE
14 VALUE CHAIN AND SALES CHANNELS ANALYSIS
14.1 Mortar Value Chain Analysis
14.1.1 Mortar Key Raw Materials
14.1.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
14.1.3 Manufacturing Cost Structure
14.1.4 Mortar Production Mode & Process
14.2 Mortar Sales Channels Analysis
14.2.1 Direct Comparison with Distribution Share
14.2.2 Mortar Distributors
14.2.3 Mortar Customers
15 CONCLUDING INSIGHTS
16 APPENDIX
16.1 Reasons for Doing This Study
16.2 Research Methodology
16.3 Research Process
16.4 Authors List of This Report
16.5 Data Source
16.5.1 Secondary Sources
16.5.2 Primary Sources
16.6 Disclaimer
