Global Microduct Market Research Report with Opportunities and Strategies to Boost Growth- COVID-19 Impact and Recovery
Microducts are small conduits for housing microcables. CommScope microduct sizes include 10 mm, 12.7 mm and 16 mm that can house up to 144 fiber counts. Microducts can be used in fiber-to-the-home (FTTH), fiber-to-the-business (FTTB), long-haul, backhaul, premise fiber deployments and nearly any location where traditional conduit installations occur. The advantage they provide is that microducts can be pre-installed within a larger conduit, or simply pushed into existing conduits already in place. Microducts can also be configured in arrays or multiple units as well as single ducts. Operators may solve today’s needs without microducts by pulling standard cables into an existing conduit, but pulling additional cables later may be difficult or, in some cases, impossible.
Based on the Microduct market development status, competitive landscape and development model in different regions of the world, this report is dedicated to providing niche markets, potential risks and comprehensive competitive strategy analysis in different fields. From the competitive advantages of different types of products and services, the development opportunities and consumption characteristics and structure analysis of the downstream application fields are all analyzed in detail. To Boost Growth during the epidemic era, this report analyzes in detail for the potential risks and opportunities which can be focused on.
In Chapter 2.4 of the report, we share our perspectives for the impact of COVID-19 from the long and short term.
In chapter 3.4, we provide the influence of the crisis on the industry chain, especially for marketing channels.
In chapters 8-13, we update the timely industry economic revitalization plan of the country-wise government.
Key players in the global Microduct market covered in Chapter 5:
Blown Fibre (Pty) Ltd
Emtelle
PT Communication Cable Systems Indonesia (CCSI)
Hexatronic
Optotec SpA
Afripipes
Dura-Line
Clearfield
Gravenhurst Plastics Ltd
Multilink
gabo Systemtechnik GmbH
Blue Diamond Industries
In Chapter 6, on the basis of types, the Microduct market from 2015 to 2025 is primarily split into:
PE
HDPE
Others
In Chapter 7, on the basis of applications, the Microduct market from 2015 to 2025 covers:
Fiber To The Home (FTTH)
Fiber To the Cabinet (FTTC)
Others
Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate, historic and forecast (2015-2025) of the following regions are covered in Chapter 8-13:
North America (Covered in Chapter 9)
United States
Canada
Mexico
Europe (Covered in Chapter 10)
Germany
UK
France
Italy
Spain
Russia
Others
Asia-Pacific (Covered in Chapter 11)
China
Japan
South Korea
Australia
India
South America (Covered in Chapter 12)
Brazil
Argentina
Columbia
Middle East and Africa (Covered in Chapter 13)
UAE
Egypt
South Africa
Years considered for this report:
Historical Years: 2015-2019
Base Year: 2019
Estimated Year: 2020
Forecast Period: 2020-2025
Based on the Microduct market development status, competitive landscape and development model in different regions of the world, this report is dedicated to providing niche markets, potential risks and comprehensive competitive strategy analysis in different fields. From the competitive advantages of different types of products and services, the development opportunities and consumption characteristics and structure analysis of the downstream application fields are all analyzed in detail. To Boost Growth during the epidemic era, this report analyzes in detail for the potential risks and opportunities which can be focused on.
In Chapter 2.4 of the report, we share our perspectives for the impact of COVID-19 from the long and short term.
In chapter 3.4, we provide the influence of the crisis on the industry chain, especially for marketing channels.
In chapters 8-13, we update the timely industry economic revitalization plan of the country-wise government.
Key players in the global Microduct market covered in Chapter 5:
Blown Fibre (Pty) Ltd
Emtelle
PT Communication Cable Systems Indonesia (CCSI)
Hexatronic
Optotec SpA
Afripipes
Dura-Line
Clearfield
Gravenhurst Plastics Ltd
Multilink
gabo Systemtechnik GmbH
Blue Diamond Industries
In Chapter 6, on the basis of types, the Microduct market from 2015 to 2025 is primarily split into:
PE
HDPE
Others
In Chapter 7, on the basis of applications, the Microduct market from 2015 to 2025 covers:
Fiber To The Home (FTTH)
Fiber To the Cabinet (FTTC)
Others
Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate, historic and forecast (2015-2025) of the following regions are covered in Chapter 8-13:
North America (Covered in Chapter 9)
United States
Canada
Mexico
Europe (Covered in Chapter 10)
Germany
UK
France
Italy
Spain
Russia
Others
Asia-Pacific (Covered in Chapter 11)
China
Japan
South Korea
Australia
India
South America (Covered in Chapter 12)
Brazil
Argentina
Columbia
Middle East and Africa (Covered in Chapter 13)
UAE
Egypt
South Africa
Years considered for this report:
Historical Years: 2015-2019
Base Year: 2019
Estimated Year: 2020
Forecast Period: 2020-2025
1 MARKET OVERVIEW
1.1 Product Definition and Market Characteristics
1.2 Global Microduct Market Size
1.3 Market Segmentation
1.4 Global Macroeconomic Analysis
1.5 SWOT Analysis
2. MARKET DYNAMICS
2.1 Market Drivers
2.2 Market Constraints and Challenges
2.3 Emerging Market Trends
2.4 Impact of COVID-19
2.4.1 Short-term Impact
2.4.2 Long-term Impact
3 ASSOCIATED INDUSTRY ASSESSMENT
3.1 Supply Chain Analysis
3.2 Industry Active Participants
3.2.1 Suppliers of Raw Materials
3.2.2 Key Distributors/Retailers
3.3 Alternative Analysis
3.4 The Impact of Covid-19 From the Perspective of Industry Chain
4 MARKET COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
4.1 Industry Leading Players
4.2 Industry News
4.2.1 Key Product Launch News
4.2.2 M&A and Expansion Plans
5 ANALYSIS OF LEADING COMPANIES
5.1 Blown Fibre (Pty) Ltd
5.1.1 Blown Fibre (Pty) Ltd Company Profile
5.1.2 Blown Fibre (Pty) Ltd Business Overview
5.1.3 Blown Fibre (Pty) Ltd Microduct Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.1.4 Blown Fibre (Pty) Ltd Microduct Products Introduction
5.2 Emtelle
5.2.1 Emtelle Company Profile
5.2.2 Emtelle Business Overview
5.2.3 Emtelle Microduct Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.2.4 Emtelle Microduct Products Introduction
5.3 PT Communication Cable Systems Indonesia (CCSI)
5.3.1 PT Communication Cable Systems Indonesia (CCSI) Company Profile
5.3.2 PT Communication Cable Systems Indonesia (CCSI) Business Overview
5.3.3 PT Communication Cable Systems Indonesia (CCSI) Microduct Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.3.4 PT Communication Cable Systems Indonesia (CCSI) Microduct Products Introduction
5.4 Hexatronic
5.4.1 Hexatronic Company Profile
5.4.2 Hexatronic Business Overview
5.4.3 Hexatronic Microduct Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.4.4 Hexatronic Microduct Products Introduction
5.5 Optotec SpA
5.5.1 Optotec SpA Company Profile
5.5.2 Optotec SpA Business Overview
5.5.3 Optotec SpA Microduct Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.5.4 Optotec SpA Microduct Products Introduction
5.6 Afripipes
5.6.1 Afripipes Company Profile
5.6.2 Afripipes Business Overview
5.6.3 Afripipes Microduct Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.6.4 Afripipes Microduct Products Introduction
5.7 Dura-Line
5.7.1 Dura-Line Company Profile
5.7.2 Dura-Line Business Overview
5.7.3 Dura-Line Microduct Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.7.4 Dura-Line Microduct Products Introduction
5.8 Clearfield
5.8.1 Clearfield Company Profile
5.8.2 Clearfield Business Overview
5.8.3 Clearfield Microduct Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.8.4 Clearfield Microduct Products Introduction
5.9 Gravenhurst Plastics Ltd
5.9.1 Gravenhurst Plastics Ltd Company Profile
5.9.2 Gravenhurst Plastics Ltd Business Overview
5.9.3 Gravenhurst Plastics Ltd Microduct Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.9.4 Gravenhurst Plastics Ltd Microduct Products Introduction
5.10 Multilink
5.10.1 Multilink Company Profile
5.10.2 Multilink Business Overview
5.10.3 Multilink Microduct Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.10.4 Multilink Microduct Products Introduction
5.11 gabo Systemtechnik GmbH
5.11.1 gabo Systemtechnik GmbH Company Profile
5.11.2 gabo Systemtechnik GmbH Business Overview
5.11.3 gabo Systemtechnik GmbH Microduct Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.11.4 gabo Systemtechnik GmbH Microduct Products Introduction
5.12 Blue Diamond Industries
5.12.1 Blue Diamond Industries Company Profile
5.12.2 Blue Diamond Industries Business Overview
5.12.3 Blue Diamond Industries Microduct Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.12.4 Blue Diamond Industries Microduct Products Introduction
6 MARKET ANALYSIS AND FORECAST, BY PRODUCT TYPES
6.1 Global Microduct Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.1.1 Global Microduct Sales and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.1.2 Global Microduct Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.1.3 Global Microduct Price by Types (2015-2020)
6.2 Global Microduct Market Forecast by Types (2020-2025)
6.2.1 Global Microduct Market Forecast Sales and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
6.2.2 Global Microduct Market Forecast Revenue and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
6.3 Global Microduct Sales, Price and Growth Rate by Types (2015-2020)
6.3.1 Global Microduct Sales, Price and Growth Rate of PE
6.3.2 Global Microduct Sales, Price and Growth Rate of HDPE
6.3.3 Global Microduct Sales, Price and Growth Rate of Others
6.4 Global Microduct Market Revenue and Sales Forecast, by Types (2020-2025)
6.4.1 PE Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
6.4.2 HDPE Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
6.4.3 Others Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
7 MARKET ANALYSIS AND FORECAST, BY APPLICATIONS
7.1 Global Microduct Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
7.1.1 Global Microduct Sales and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
7.1.2 Global Microduct Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
7.2 Global Microduct Market Forecast by Applications (2020-2025)
7.2.1 Global Microduct Market Forecast Sales and Market Share by Applications (2020-2025)
7.2.2 Global Microduct Market Forecast Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2020-2025)
7.3 Global Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate by Applications (2015-2020)
7.3.1 Global Microduct Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Fiber To The Home (FTTH) (2015-2020)
7.3.2 Global Microduct Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Fiber To the Cabinet (FTTC) (2015-2020)
7.3.3 Global Microduct Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Others (2015-2020)
7.4 Global Microduct Market Revenue and Sales Forecast, by Applications (2020-2025)
7.4.1 Fiber To The Home (FTTH) Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
7.4.2 Fiber To the Cabinet (FTTC) Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
7.4.3 Others Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
8 MARKET ANALYSIS AND FORECAST, BY REGIONS
8.1 Global Microduct Sales by Regions (2015-2020)
8.2 Global Microduct Market Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)
8.3 Global Microduct Market Forecast by Regions (2020-2025)
9 NORTH AMERICA MICRODUCT MARKET ANALYSIS
9.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
9.2 North America Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.3 North America Microduct Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.4 North America Microduct Market Forecast
9.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on North America Market
9.6 North America Microduct Market Analysis by Country
9.6.1 U.S. Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
9.6.2 Canada Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
9.6.3 Mexico Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
10 EUROPE MICRODUCT MARKET ANALYSIS
10.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
10.2 Europe Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10.3 Europe Microduct Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10.4 Europe Microduct Market Forecast
10.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Europe Market
10.6 Europe Microduct Market Analysis by Country
10.6.1 Germany Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
10.6.2 United Kingdom Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
10.6.3 France Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
10.6.4 Italy Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
10.6.5 Spain Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
10.6.6 Russia Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
11 ASIA-PACIFIC MICRODUCT MARKET ANALYSIS
11.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
11.2 Asia-Pacific Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
11.3 Asia-Pacific Microduct Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
11.4 Asia-Pacific Microduct Market Forecast
11.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Asia Pacific Market
11.6 Asia-Pacific Microduct Market Analysis by Country
11.6.1 China Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
11.6.2 Japan Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
11.6.3 South Korea Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
11.6.4 Australia Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
11.6.5 India Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
12 SOUTH AMERICA MICRODUCT MARKET ANALYSIS
12.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
12.2 South America Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
12.3 South America Microduct Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
12.4 South America Microduct Market Forecast
12.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on South America Market
12.6 South America Microduct Market Analysis by Country
12.6.1 Brazil Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
12.6.2 Argentina Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
12.6.3 Columbia Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
13 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA MICRODUCT MARKET ANALYSIS
13.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
13.2 Middle East and Africa Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
13.3 Middle East and Africa Microduct Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
13.4 Middle East and Africa Microduct Market Forecast
13.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Middle East and Africa Market
13.6 Middle East and Africa Microduct Market Analysis by Country
13.6.1 UAE Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
13.6.2 Egypt Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
13.6.3 South Africa Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
14 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
14.1 Key Market Findings and Prospects
14.2 Advice for Investors
15 APPENDIX
15.1 Methodology
15.2 Research Data Source
1.1 Product Definition and Market Characteristics
1.2 Global Microduct Market Size
1.3 Market Segmentation
1.4 Global Macroeconomic Analysis
1.5 SWOT Analysis
2. MARKET DYNAMICS
2.1 Market Drivers
2.2 Market Constraints and Challenges
2.3 Emerging Market Trends
2.4 Impact of COVID-19
2.4.1 Short-term Impact
2.4.2 Long-term Impact
3 ASSOCIATED INDUSTRY ASSESSMENT
3.1 Supply Chain Analysis
3.2 Industry Active Participants
3.2.1 Suppliers of Raw Materials
3.2.2 Key Distributors/Retailers
3.3 Alternative Analysis
3.4 The Impact of Covid-19 From the Perspective of Industry Chain
4 MARKET COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
4.1 Industry Leading Players
4.2 Industry News
4.2.1 Key Product Launch News
4.2.2 M&A and Expansion Plans
5 ANALYSIS OF LEADING COMPANIES
5.1 Blown Fibre (Pty) Ltd
5.1.1 Blown Fibre (Pty) Ltd Company Profile
5.1.2 Blown Fibre (Pty) Ltd Business Overview
5.1.3 Blown Fibre (Pty) Ltd Microduct Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.1.4 Blown Fibre (Pty) Ltd Microduct Products Introduction
5.2 Emtelle
5.2.1 Emtelle Company Profile
5.2.2 Emtelle Business Overview
5.2.3 Emtelle Microduct Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.2.4 Emtelle Microduct Products Introduction
5.3 PT Communication Cable Systems Indonesia (CCSI)
5.3.1 PT Communication Cable Systems Indonesia (CCSI) Company Profile
5.3.2 PT Communication Cable Systems Indonesia (CCSI) Business Overview
5.3.3 PT Communication Cable Systems Indonesia (CCSI) Microduct Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.3.4 PT Communication Cable Systems Indonesia (CCSI) Microduct Products Introduction
5.4 Hexatronic
5.4.1 Hexatronic Company Profile
5.4.2 Hexatronic Business Overview
5.4.3 Hexatronic Microduct Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.4.4 Hexatronic Microduct Products Introduction
5.5 Optotec SpA
5.5.1 Optotec SpA Company Profile
5.5.2 Optotec SpA Business Overview
5.5.3 Optotec SpA Microduct Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.5.4 Optotec SpA Microduct Products Introduction
5.6 Afripipes
5.6.1 Afripipes Company Profile
5.6.2 Afripipes Business Overview
5.6.3 Afripipes Microduct Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.6.4 Afripipes Microduct Products Introduction
5.7 Dura-Line
5.7.1 Dura-Line Company Profile
5.7.2 Dura-Line Business Overview
5.7.3 Dura-Line Microduct Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.7.4 Dura-Line Microduct Products Introduction
5.8 Clearfield
5.8.1 Clearfield Company Profile
5.8.2 Clearfield Business Overview
5.8.3 Clearfield Microduct Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.8.4 Clearfield Microduct Products Introduction
5.9 Gravenhurst Plastics Ltd
5.9.1 Gravenhurst Plastics Ltd Company Profile
5.9.2 Gravenhurst Plastics Ltd Business Overview
5.9.3 Gravenhurst Plastics Ltd Microduct Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.9.4 Gravenhurst Plastics Ltd Microduct Products Introduction
5.10 Multilink
5.10.1 Multilink Company Profile
5.10.2 Multilink Business Overview
5.10.3 Multilink Microduct Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.10.4 Multilink Microduct Products Introduction
5.11 gabo Systemtechnik GmbH
5.11.1 gabo Systemtechnik GmbH Company Profile
5.11.2 gabo Systemtechnik GmbH Business Overview
5.11.3 gabo Systemtechnik GmbH Microduct Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.11.4 gabo Systemtechnik GmbH Microduct Products Introduction
5.12 Blue Diamond Industries
5.12.1 Blue Diamond Industries Company Profile
5.12.2 Blue Diamond Industries Business Overview
5.12.3 Blue Diamond Industries Microduct Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.12.4 Blue Diamond Industries Microduct Products Introduction
6 MARKET ANALYSIS AND FORECAST, BY PRODUCT TYPES
6.1 Global Microduct Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.1.1 Global Microduct Sales and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.1.2 Global Microduct Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.1.3 Global Microduct Price by Types (2015-2020)
6.2 Global Microduct Market Forecast by Types (2020-2025)
6.2.1 Global Microduct Market Forecast Sales and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
6.2.2 Global Microduct Market Forecast Revenue and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
6.3 Global Microduct Sales, Price and Growth Rate by Types (2015-2020)
6.3.1 Global Microduct Sales, Price and Growth Rate of PE
6.3.2 Global Microduct Sales, Price and Growth Rate of HDPE
6.3.3 Global Microduct Sales, Price and Growth Rate of Others
6.4 Global Microduct Market Revenue and Sales Forecast, by Types (2020-2025)
6.4.1 PE Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
6.4.2 HDPE Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
6.4.3 Others Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
7 MARKET ANALYSIS AND FORECAST, BY APPLICATIONS
7.1 Global Microduct Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
7.1.1 Global Microduct Sales and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
7.1.2 Global Microduct Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
7.2 Global Microduct Market Forecast by Applications (2020-2025)
7.2.1 Global Microduct Market Forecast Sales and Market Share by Applications (2020-2025)
7.2.2 Global Microduct Market Forecast Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2020-2025)
7.3 Global Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate by Applications (2015-2020)
7.3.1 Global Microduct Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Fiber To The Home (FTTH) (2015-2020)
7.3.2 Global Microduct Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Fiber To the Cabinet (FTTC) (2015-2020)
7.3.3 Global Microduct Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Others (2015-2020)
7.4 Global Microduct Market Revenue and Sales Forecast, by Applications (2020-2025)
7.4.1 Fiber To The Home (FTTH) Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
7.4.2 Fiber To the Cabinet (FTTC) Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
7.4.3 Others Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
8 MARKET ANALYSIS AND FORECAST, BY REGIONS
8.1 Global Microduct Sales by Regions (2015-2020)
8.2 Global Microduct Market Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)
8.3 Global Microduct Market Forecast by Regions (2020-2025)
9 NORTH AMERICA MICRODUCT MARKET ANALYSIS
9.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
9.2 North America Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.3 North America Microduct Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.4 North America Microduct Market Forecast
9.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on North America Market
9.6 North America Microduct Market Analysis by Country
9.6.1 U.S. Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
9.6.2 Canada Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
9.6.3 Mexico Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
10 EUROPE MICRODUCT MARKET ANALYSIS
10.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
10.2 Europe Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10.3 Europe Microduct Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10.4 Europe Microduct Market Forecast
10.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Europe Market
10.6 Europe Microduct Market Analysis by Country
10.6.1 Germany Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
10.6.2 United Kingdom Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
10.6.3 France Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
10.6.4 Italy Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
10.6.5 Spain Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
10.6.6 Russia Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
11 ASIA-PACIFIC MICRODUCT MARKET ANALYSIS
11.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
11.2 Asia-Pacific Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
11.3 Asia-Pacific Microduct Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
11.4 Asia-Pacific Microduct Market Forecast
11.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Asia Pacific Market
11.6 Asia-Pacific Microduct Market Analysis by Country
11.6.1 China Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
11.6.2 Japan Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
11.6.3 South Korea Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
11.6.4 Australia Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
11.6.5 India Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
12 SOUTH AMERICA MICRODUCT MARKET ANALYSIS
12.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
12.2 South America Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
12.3 South America Microduct Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
12.4 South America Microduct Market Forecast
12.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on South America Market
12.6 South America Microduct Market Analysis by Country
12.6.1 Brazil Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
12.6.2 Argentina Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
12.6.3 Columbia Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
13 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA MICRODUCT MARKET ANALYSIS
13.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
13.2 Middle East and Africa Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
13.3 Middle East and Africa Microduct Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
13.4 Middle East and Africa Microduct Market Forecast
13.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Middle East and Africa Market
13.6 Middle East and Africa Microduct Market Analysis by Country
13.6.1 UAE Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
13.6.2 Egypt Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
13.6.3 South Africa Microduct Sales and Growth Rate
14 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
14.1 Key Market Findings and Prospects
14.2 Advice for Investors
15 APPENDIX
15.1 Methodology
15.2 Research Data Source
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Figure Product Picture
Figure Global Microduct Market Size and Growth Rate 2015-2025
Table Microduct Key Market Segments
Figure Global Microduct Market Revenue ($) Segment by Type from 2015-2020
Figure Global Microduct Market Revenue ($) Segment by Applications from 2015-2020
Table SWOT Analysis
Figure Global COVID-19 Status
Figure Supply Chain
Table Major Players Headquarters, and Service Area of Microduct
Table Major Players Revenue in 2019
Figure Major Players Revenue Share in 2019
Table Blown Fibre (Pty) Ltd Company Profile
Table Blown Fibre (Pty) Ltd Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Blown Fibre (Pty) Ltd Production and Growth Rate
Figure Blown Fibre (Pty) Ltd Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Emtelle Company Profile
Table Emtelle Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Emtelle Production and Growth Rate
Figure Emtelle Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table PT Communication Cable Systems Indonesia (CCSI) Company Profile
Table PT Communication Cable Systems Indonesia (CCSI) Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure PT Communication Cable Systems Indonesia (CCSI) Production and Growth Rate
Figure PT Communication Cable Systems Indonesia (CCSI) Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Hexatronic Company Profile
Table Hexatronic Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Hexatronic Production and Growth Rate
Figure Hexatronic Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Optotec SpA Company Profile
Table Optotec SpA Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Optotec SpA Production and Growth Rate
Figure Optotec SpA Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Afripipes Company Profile
Table Afripipes Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Afripipes Production and Growth Rate
Figure Afripipes Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Dura-Line Company Profile
Table Dura-Line Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Dura-Line Production and Growth Rate
Figure Dura-Line Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Clearfield Company Profile
Table Clearfield Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Clearfield Production and Growth Rate
Figure Clearfield Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Gravenhurst Plastics Ltd Company Profile
Table Gravenhurst Plastics Ltd Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Gravenhurst Plastics Ltd Production and Growth Rate
Figure Gravenhurst Plastics Ltd Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Multilink Company Profile
Table Multilink Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Multilink Production and Growth Rate
Figure Multilink Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table gabo Systemtechnik GmbH Company Profile
Table gabo Systemtechnik GmbH Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure gabo Systemtechnik GmbH Production and Growth Rate
Figure gabo Systemtechnik GmbH Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Blue Diamond Industries Company Profile
Table Blue Diamond Industries Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Blue Diamond Industries Production and Growth Rate
Figure Blue Diamond Industries Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Global Microduct Sales by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Microduct Sales Share by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Microduct Revenue ($) by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Microduct Revenue Share by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Microduct Price ($) by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Microduct Market Forecast Sales by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Microduct Market Forecast Sales Share by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Microduct Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Microduct Market Forecast Revenue Share by Types (2020-2025)
Figure Global PE Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global PE Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global HDPE Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global HDPE Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Others Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Others Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Microduct Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of PE (2020-2025)
Figure Global Microduct Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of PE (2020-2025)
Figure Global Microduct Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of HDPE (2020-2025)
Figure Global Microduct Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of HDPE (2020-2025)
Figure Global Microduct Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Others (2020-2025)
Figure Global Microduct Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Others (2020-2025)
Table Global Microduct Sales by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Microduct Sales Share by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Microduct Revenue ($) by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Microduct Revenue Share by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Microduct Market Forecast Sales by Applications (2020-2025)
Table Global Microduct Market Forecast Sales Share by Applications (2020-2025)
Table Global Microduct Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Applications (2020-2025)
Table Global Microduct Market Forecast Revenue Share by Applications (2020-2025)
Figure Global Fiber To The Home (FTTH) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Fiber To The Home (FTTH) Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Fiber To the Cabinet (FTTC) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Fiber To the Cabinet (FTTC) Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Others Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Others Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Microduct Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Fiber To The Home (FTTH) (2020-2025)
Figure Global Microduct Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Fiber To The Home (FTTH) (2020-2025)
Figure Global Microduct Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Fiber To the Cabinet (FTTC) (2020-2025)
Figure Global Microduct Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Fiber To the Cabinet (FTTC) (2020-2025)
Figure Global Microduct Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Others (2020-2025)
Figure Global Microduct Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Others (2020-2025)
Figure Global Microduct Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global Microduct Sales by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global Microduct Sales Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Figure Global Microduct Sales Market Share by Regions in 2019
Figure Global Microduct Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global Microduct Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global Microduct Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Figure Global Microduct Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2019
Table Global Microduct Market Forecast Sales by Regions (2020-2025)
Table Global Microduct Market Forecast Sales Share by Regions (2020-2025)
Table Global Microduct Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Regions (2020-2025)
Table Global Microduct Market Forecast Revenue Share by Regions (2020-2025)
Figure North America Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure North America Microduct Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure North America Microduct Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure North America Microduct Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure North America COVID-19 Status
Figure U.S. Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Canada Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Mexico Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Microduct Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Microduct Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure Europe Microduct Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure Europe COVID-19 Status
Figure Germany Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure United Kingdom Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure France Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Italy Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Spain Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Russia Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Microduct Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Microduct Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure Asia-Pacific Microduct Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure Asia Pacific COVID-19 Status
Figure China Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Japan Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South Korea Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Australia Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure India Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Microduct Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Microduct Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure South America Microduct Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure Brazil Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Argentina Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Columbia Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Microduct Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Microduct Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure Middle East and Africa Microduct Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure UAE Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Egypt Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South Africa Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Product Picture
Figure Global Microduct Market Size and Growth Rate 2015-2025
Table Microduct Key Market Segments
Figure Global Microduct Market Revenue ($) Segment by Type from 2015-2020
Figure Global Microduct Market Revenue ($) Segment by Applications from 2015-2020
Table SWOT Analysis
Figure Global COVID-19 Status
Figure Supply Chain
Table Major Players Headquarters, and Service Area of Microduct
Table Major Players Revenue in 2019
Figure Major Players Revenue Share in 2019
Table Blown Fibre (Pty) Ltd Company Profile
Table Blown Fibre (Pty) Ltd Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Blown Fibre (Pty) Ltd Production and Growth Rate
Figure Blown Fibre (Pty) Ltd Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Emtelle Company Profile
Table Emtelle Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Emtelle Production and Growth Rate
Figure Emtelle Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table PT Communication Cable Systems Indonesia (CCSI) Company Profile
Table PT Communication Cable Systems Indonesia (CCSI) Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure PT Communication Cable Systems Indonesia (CCSI) Production and Growth Rate
Figure PT Communication Cable Systems Indonesia (CCSI) Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Hexatronic Company Profile
Table Hexatronic Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Hexatronic Production and Growth Rate
Figure Hexatronic Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Optotec SpA Company Profile
Table Optotec SpA Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Optotec SpA Production and Growth Rate
Figure Optotec SpA Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Afripipes Company Profile
Table Afripipes Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Afripipes Production and Growth Rate
Figure Afripipes Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Dura-Line Company Profile
Table Dura-Line Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Dura-Line Production and Growth Rate
Figure Dura-Line Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Clearfield Company Profile
Table Clearfield Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Clearfield Production and Growth Rate
Figure Clearfield Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Gravenhurst Plastics Ltd Company Profile
Table Gravenhurst Plastics Ltd Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Gravenhurst Plastics Ltd Production and Growth Rate
Figure Gravenhurst Plastics Ltd Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Multilink Company Profile
Table Multilink Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Multilink Production and Growth Rate
Figure Multilink Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table gabo Systemtechnik GmbH Company Profile
Table gabo Systemtechnik GmbH Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure gabo Systemtechnik GmbH Production and Growth Rate
Figure gabo Systemtechnik GmbH Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Blue Diamond Industries Company Profile
Table Blue Diamond Industries Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Blue Diamond Industries Production and Growth Rate
Figure Blue Diamond Industries Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Global Microduct Sales by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Microduct Sales Share by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Microduct Revenue ($) by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Microduct Revenue Share by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Microduct Price ($) by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Microduct Market Forecast Sales by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Microduct Market Forecast Sales Share by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Microduct Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Microduct Market Forecast Revenue Share by Types (2020-2025)
Figure Global PE Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global PE Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global HDPE Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global HDPE Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Others Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Others Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Microduct Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of PE (2020-2025)
Figure Global Microduct Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of PE (2020-2025)
Figure Global Microduct Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of HDPE (2020-2025)
Figure Global Microduct Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of HDPE (2020-2025)
Figure Global Microduct Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Others (2020-2025)
Figure Global Microduct Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Others (2020-2025)
Table Global Microduct Sales by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Microduct Sales Share by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Microduct Revenue ($) by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Microduct Revenue Share by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Microduct Market Forecast Sales by Applications (2020-2025)
Table Global Microduct Market Forecast Sales Share by Applications (2020-2025)
Table Global Microduct Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Applications (2020-2025)
Table Global Microduct Market Forecast Revenue Share by Applications (2020-2025)
Figure Global Fiber To The Home (FTTH) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Fiber To The Home (FTTH) Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Fiber To the Cabinet (FTTC) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Fiber To the Cabinet (FTTC) Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Others Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Others Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Microduct Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Fiber To The Home (FTTH) (2020-2025)
Figure Global Microduct Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Fiber To The Home (FTTH) (2020-2025)
Figure Global Microduct Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Fiber To the Cabinet (FTTC) (2020-2025)
Figure Global Microduct Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Fiber To the Cabinet (FTTC) (2020-2025)
Figure Global Microduct Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Others (2020-2025)
Figure Global Microduct Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Others (2020-2025)
Figure Global Microduct Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global Microduct Sales by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global Microduct Sales Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Figure Global Microduct Sales Market Share by Regions in 2019
Figure Global Microduct Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global Microduct Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global Microduct Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Figure Global Microduct Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2019
Table Global Microduct Market Forecast Sales by Regions (2020-2025)
Table Global Microduct Market Forecast Sales Share by Regions (2020-2025)
Table Global Microduct Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Regions (2020-2025)
Table Global Microduct Market Forecast Revenue Share by Regions (2020-2025)
Figure North America Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure North America Microduct Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure North America Microduct Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure North America Microduct Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure North America COVID-19 Status
Figure U.S. Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Canada Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Mexico Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Microduct Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Microduct Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure Europe Microduct Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure Europe COVID-19 Status
Figure Germany Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure United Kingdom Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure France Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Italy Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Spain Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Russia Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Microduct Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Microduct Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure Asia-Pacific Microduct Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure Asia Pacific COVID-19 Status
Figure China Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Japan Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South Korea Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Australia Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure India Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Microduct Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Microduct Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure South America Microduct Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure Brazil Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Argentina Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Columbia Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Microduct Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Microduct Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure Middle East and Africa Microduct Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure UAE Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Egypt Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South Africa Microduct Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
