Global Helium Gas Market Research Report with Opportunities and Strategies to Boost Growth- COVID-19 Impact and Recovery

November 2021 | 121 pages | ID: GC7FF7B6C998EN
Maia Research

Abstracts

Helium is a chemical element with symbol He and atomic number 2. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert, monatomic gas, the first in the noble gas group in the periodic table. Its boiling point is the lowest among all the elements.
Based on the Helium Gas market development status, competitive landscape and development model in different regions of the world, this report is dedicated to providing niche markets, potential risks and comprehensive competitive strategy analysis in different fields. From the competitive advantages of different types of products and services, the development opportunities and consumption characteristics and structure analysis of the downstream application fields are all analyzed in detail. To Boost Growth during the epidemic era, this report analyzes in detail for the potential risks and opportunities which can be focused on.

In Chapter 2.4 of the report, we share our perspectives for the impact of COVID-19 from the long and short term.
In chapter 3.4, we provide the influence of the crisis on the industry chain, especially for marketing channels.
In chapters 8-13, we update the timely industry economic revitalization plan of the country-wise government.

Key players in the global Helium Gas market covered in Chapter 5:
Ras Gas
Buzwair
Air Products
Gazprom
Praxair
Air Liquide
Linde
Iceblick
Gulf Cryo
Messer Group
Iwatani
Airgas
Taiyo Nippon Sanso

In Chapter 6, on the basis of types, the Helium Gas market from 2015 to 2025 is primarily split into:
Liquid
Gas

In Chapter 7, on the basis of applications, the Helium Gas market from 2015 to 2025 covers:
Aerostatics
Healthcare
Electronics and Semiconductors

Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate, historic and forecast (2015-2025) of the following regions are covered in Chapter 8-13:
North America (Covered in Chapter 9)
United States
Canada
Mexico
Europe (Covered in Chapter 10)
Germany
UK
France
Italy
Spain
Russia
Others
Asia-Pacific (Covered in Chapter 11)
China
Japan
South Korea
Australia
India
South America (Covered in Chapter 12)
Brazil
Argentina
Columbia
Middle East and Africa (Covered in Chapter 13)
UAE
Egypt
South Africa

Years considered for this report:
Historical Years: 2015-2019
Base Year: 2019
Estimated Year: 2020
Forecast Period: 2020-2025

Contents

1 MARKET OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Definition and Market Characteristics
1.2 Global Helium Gas Market Size
1.3 Market Segmentation
1.4 Global Macroeconomic Analysis
1.5 SWOT Analysis

2. MARKET DYNAMICS

2.1 Market Drivers
2.2 Market Constraints and Challenges
2.3 Emerging Market Trends
2.4 Impact of COVID-19
  2.4.1 Short-term Impact
  2.4.2 Long-term Impact

3 ASSOCIATED INDUSTRY ASSESSMENT

3.1 Supply Chain Analysis
3.2 Industry Active Participants
  3.2.1 Suppliers of Raw Materials
  3.2.2 Key Distributors/Retailers
3.3 Alternative Analysis
3.4 The Impact of Covid-19 From the Perspective of Industry Chain

4 MARKET COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

4.1 Industry Leading Players
4.2 Industry News
  4.2.1 Key Product Launch News
  4.2.2 M&A and Expansion Plans

5 ANALYSIS OF LEADING COMPANIES

5.1 Ras Gas
  5.1.1 Ras Gas Company Profile
  5.1.2 Ras Gas Business Overview
  5.1.3 Ras Gas Helium Gas Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.1.4 Ras Gas Helium Gas Products Introduction
5.2 Buzwair
  5.2.1 Buzwair Company Profile
  5.2.2 Buzwair Business Overview
  5.2.3 Buzwair Helium Gas Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.2.4 Buzwair Helium Gas Products Introduction
5.3 Air Products
  5.3.1 Air Products Company Profile
  5.3.2 Air Products Business Overview
  5.3.3 Air Products Helium Gas Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.3.4 Air Products Helium Gas Products Introduction
5.4 Gazprom
  5.4.1 Gazprom Company Profile
  5.4.2 Gazprom Business Overview
  5.4.3 Gazprom Helium Gas Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.4.4 Gazprom Helium Gas Products Introduction
5.5 Praxair
  5.5.1 Praxair Company Profile
  5.5.2 Praxair Business Overview
  5.5.3 Praxair Helium Gas Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.5.4 Praxair Helium Gas Products Introduction
5.6 Air Liquide
  5.6.1 Air Liquide Company Profile
  5.6.2 Air Liquide Business Overview
  5.6.3 Air Liquide Helium Gas Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.6.4 Air Liquide Helium Gas Products Introduction
5.7 Linde
  5.7.1 Linde Company Profile
  5.7.2 Linde Business Overview
  5.7.3 Linde Helium Gas Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.7.4 Linde Helium Gas Products Introduction
5.8 Iceblick
  5.8.1 Iceblick Company Profile
  5.8.2 Iceblick Business Overview
  5.8.3 Iceblick Helium Gas Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.8.4 Iceblick Helium Gas Products Introduction
5.9 Gulf Cryo
  5.9.1 Gulf Cryo Company Profile
  5.9.2 Gulf Cryo Business Overview
  5.9.3 Gulf Cryo Helium Gas Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.9.4 Gulf Cryo Helium Gas Products Introduction
5.10 Messer Group
  5.10.1 Messer Group Company Profile
  5.10.2 Messer Group Business Overview
  5.10.3 Messer Group Helium Gas Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.10.4 Messer Group Helium Gas Products Introduction
5.11 Iwatani
  5.11.1 Iwatani Company Profile
  5.11.2 Iwatani Business Overview
  5.11.3 Iwatani Helium Gas Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.11.4 Iwatani Helium Gas Products Introduction
5.12 Airgas
  5.12.1 Airgas Company Profile
  5.12.2 Airgas Business Overview
  5.12.3 Airgas Helium Gas Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.12.4 Airgas Helium Gas Products Introduction
5.13 Taiyo Nippon Sanso
  5.13.1 Taiyo Nippon Sanso Company Profile
  5.13.2 Taiyo Nippon Sanso Business Overview
  5.13.3 Taiyo Nippon Sanso Helium Gas Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.13.4 Taiyo Nippon Sanso Helium Gas Products Introduction

6 MARKET ANALYSIS AND FORECAST, BY PRODUCT TYPES

6.1 Global Helium Gas Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
  6.1.1 Global Helium Gas Sales and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
  6.1.2 Global Helium Gas Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
  6.1.3 Global Helium Gas Price by Types (2015-2020)
6.2 Global Helium Gas Market Forecast by Types (2020-2025)
  6.2.1 Global Helium Gas Market Forecast Sales and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
  6.2.2 Global Helium Gas Market Forecast Revenue and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
6.3 Global Helium Gas Sales, Price and Growth Rate by Types (2015-2020)
  6.3.1 Global Helium Gas Sales, Price and Growth Rate of Liquid
  6.3.2 Global Helium Gas Sales, Price and Growth Rate of Gas
6.4 Global Helium Gas Market Revenue and Sales Forecast, by Types (2020-2025)
  6.4.1 Liquid Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
  6.4.2 Gas Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)

7 MARKET ANALYSIS AND FORECAST, BY APPLICATIONS

7.1 Global Helium Gas Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
  7.1.1 Global Helium Gas Sales and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
  7.1.2 Global Helium Gas Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
7.2 Global Helium Gas Market Forecast by Applications (2020-2025)
  7.2.1 Global Helium Gas Market Forecast Sales and Market Share by Applications (2020-2025)
  7.2.2 Global Helium Gas Market Forecast Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2020-2025)
7.3 Global Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate by Applications (2015-2020)
  7.3.1 Global Helium Gas Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Aerostatics (2015-2020)
  7.3.2 Global Helium Gas Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Healthcare (2015-2020)
  7.3.3 Global Helium Gas Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Electronics and Semiconductors (2015-2020)
7.4 Global Helium Gas Market Revenue and Sales Forecast, by Applications (2020-2025)
  7.4.1 Aerostatics Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
  7.4.2 Healthcare Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
  7.4.3 Electronics and Semiconductors Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)

8 MARKET ANALYSIS AND FORECAST, BY REGIONS

8.1 Global Helium Gas Sales by Regions (2015-2020)
8.2 Global Helium Gas Market Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)
8.3 Global Helium Gas Market Forecast by Regions (2020-2025)

9 NORTH AMERICA HELIUM GAS MARKET ANALYSIS

9.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
9.2 North America Helium Gas Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.3 North America Helium Gas Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.4 North America Helium Gas Market Forecast
9.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on North America Market
9.6 North America Helium Gas Market Analysis by Country
  9.6.1 U.S. Helium Gas Sales and Growth Rate
  9.6.2 Canada Helium Gas Sales and Growth Rate
  9.6.3 Mexico Helium Gas Sales and Growth Rate

10 EUROPE HELIUM GAS MARKET ANALYSIS

10.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
10.2 Europe Helium Gas Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10.3 Europe Helium Gas Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10.4 Europe Helium Gas Market Forecast
10.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Europe Market
10.6 Europe Helium Gas Market Analysis by Country
  10.6.1 Germany Helium Gas Sales and Growth Rate
  10.6.2 United Kingdom Helium Gas Sales and Growth Rate
  10.6.3 France Helium Gas Sales and Growth Rate
  10.6.4 Italy Helium Gas Sales and Growth Rate
  10.6.5 Spain Helium Gas Sales and Growth Rate
  10.6.6 Russia Helium Gas Sales and Growth Rate

11 ASIA-PACIFIC HELIUM GAS MARKET ANALYSIS

11.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
11.2 Asia-Pacific Helium Gas Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
11.3 Asia-Pacific Helium Gas Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
11.4 Asia-Pacific Helium Gas Market Forecast
11.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Asia Pacific Market
11.6 Asia-Pacific Helium Gas Market Analysis by Country
  11.6.1 China Helium Gas Sales and Growth Rate
  11.6.2 Japan Helium Gas Sales and Growth Rate
  11.6.3 South Korea Helium Gas Sales and Growth Rate
  11.6.4 Australia Helium Gas Sales and Growth Rate
  11.6.5 India Helium Gas Sales and Growth Rate

12 SOUTH AMERICA HELIUM GAS MARKET ANALYSIS

12.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
12.2 South America Helium Gas Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
12.3 South America Helium Gas Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
12.4 South America Helium Gas Market Forecast
12.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on South America Market
12.6 South America Helium Gas Market Analysis by Country
  12.6.1 Brazil Helium Gas Sales and Growth Rate
  12.6.2 Argentina Helium Gas Sales and Growth Rate
  12.6.3 Columbia Helium Gas Sales and Growth Rate

13 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA HELIUM GAS MARKET ANALYSIS

13.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
13.2 Middle East and Africa Helium Gas Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
13.3 Middle East and Africa Helium Gas Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
13.4 Middle East and Africa Helium Gas Market Forecast
13.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Middle East and Africa Market
13.6 Middle East and Africa Helium Gas Market Analysis by Country
  13.6.1 UAE Helium Gas Sales and Growth Rate
  13.6.2 Egypt Helium Gas Sales and Growth Rate
  13.6.3 South Africa Helium Gas Sales and Growth Rate

14 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

14.1 Key Market Findings and Prospects
14.2 Advice for Investors

15 APPENDIX

15.1 Methodology
15.2 Research Data Source

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Product Picture
Figure Global Helium Gas Market Size and Growth Rate 2015-2025
Table Helium Gas Key Market Segments
Figure Global Helium Gas Market Revenue ($) Segment by Type from 2015-2020
Figure Global Helium Gas Market Revenue ($) Segment by Applications from 2015-2020
Table SWOT Analysis
Figure Global COVID-19 Status
Figure Supply Chain
Table Major Players Headquarters, and Service Area of Helium Gas
Table Major Players Revenue in 2019
Figure Major Players Revenue Share in 2019
Table Ras Gas Company Profile
Table Ras Gas Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Ras Gas Production and Growth Rate
Figure Ras Gas Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Buzwair Company Profile
Table Buzwair Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Buzwair Production and Growth Rate
Figure Buzwair Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Air Products Company Profile
Table Air Products Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Air Products Production and Growth Rate
Figure Air Products Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Gazprom Company Profile
Table Gazprom Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Gazprom Production and Growth Rate
Figure Gazprom Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Praxair Company Profile
Table Praxair Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Praxair Production and Growth Rate
Figure Praxair Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Air Liquide Company Profile
Table Air Liquide Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Air Liquide Production and Growth Rate
Figure Air Liquide Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Linde Company Profile
Table Linde Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Linde Production and Growth Rate
Figure Linde Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Iceblick Company Profile
Table Iceblick Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Iceblick Production and Growth Rate
Figure Iceblick Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Gulf Cryo Company Profile
Table Gulf Cryo Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Gulf Cryo Production and Growth Rate
Figure Gulf Cryo Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Messer Group Company Profile
Table Messer Group Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Messer Group Production and Growth Rate
Figure Messer Group Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Iwatani Company Profile
Table Iwatani Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Iwatani Production and Growth Rate
Figure Iwatani Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Airgas Company Profile
Table Airgas Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Airgas Production and Growth Rate
Figure Airgas Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Taiyo Nippon Sanso Company Profile
Table Taiyo Nippon Sanso Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Taiyo Nippon Sanso Production and Growth Rate
Figure Taiyo Nippon Sanso Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Global Helium Gas Sales by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Helium Gas Sales Share by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Helium Gas Revenue ($) by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Helium Gas Revenue Share by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Helium Gas Price ($) by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Helium Gas Market Forecast Sales by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Helium Gas Market Forecast Sales Share by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Helium Gas Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Helium Gas Market Forecast Revenue Share by Types (2020-2025)
Figure Global Liquid Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Liquid Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Gas Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Gas Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Helium Gas Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Liquid (2020-2025)
Figure Global Helium Gas Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Liquid (2020-2025)
Figure Global Helium Gas Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Gas (2020-2025)
Figure Global Helium Gas Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Gas (2020-2025)
Table Global Helium Gas Sales by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Helium Gas Sales Share by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Helium Gas Revenue ($) by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Helium Gas Revenue Share by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Helium Gas Market Forecast Sales by Applications (2020-2025)
Table Global Helium Gas Market Forecast Sales Share by Applications (2020-2025)
Table Global Helium Gas Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Applications (2020-2025)
Table Global Helium Gas Market Forecast Revenue Share by Applications (2020-2025)
Figure Global Aerostatics Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Aerostatics Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Healthcare Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Healthcare Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Electronics and Semiconductors Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Electronics and Semiconductors Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Helium Gas Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Aerostatics (2020-2025)
Figure Global Helium Gas Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Aerostatics (2020-2025)
Figure Global Helium Gas Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Healthcare (2020-2025)
Figure Global Helium Gas Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Healthcare (2020-2025)
Figure Global Helium Gas Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Electronics and Semiconductors (2020-2025)
Figure Global Helium Gas Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Electronics and Semiconductors (2020-2025)
Figure Global Helium Gas Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global Helium Gas Sales by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global Helium Gas Sales Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Figure Global Helium Gas Sales Market Share by Regions in 2019
Figure Global Helium Gas Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global Helium Gas Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global Helium Gas Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Figure Global Helium Gas Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2019
Table Global Helium Gas Market Forecast Sales by Regions (2020-2025)
Table Global Helium Gas Market Forecast Sales Share by Regions (2020-2025)
Table Global Helium Gas Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Regions (2020-2025)
Table Global Helium Gas Market Forecast Revenue Share by Regions (2020-2025)
Figure North America Helium Gas Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure North America Helium Gas Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure North America Helium Gas Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure North America Helium Gas Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure North America COVID-19 Status
Figure U.S. Helium Gas Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Canada Helium Gas Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Mexico Helium Gas Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Helium Gas Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Helium Gas Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Helium Gas Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure Europe Helium Gas Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure Europe COVID-19 Status
Figure Germany Helium Gas Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure United Kingdom Helium Gas Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure France Helium Gas Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Italy Helium Gas Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Spain Helium Gas Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Russia Helium Gas Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Helium Gas Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Helium Gas Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Helium Gas Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure Asia-Pacific Helium Gas Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure Asia Pacific COVID-19 Status
Figure China Helium Gas Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Japan Helium Gas Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South Korea Helium Gas Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Australia Helium Gas Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure India Helium Gas Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Helium Gas Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Helium Gas Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Helium Gas Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure South America Helium Gas Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure Brazil Helium Gas Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Argentina Helium Gas Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Columbia Helium Gas Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Helium Gas Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Helium Gas Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Helium Gas Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure Middle East and Africa Helium Gas Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure UAE Helium Gas Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Egypt Helium Gas Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South Africa Helium Gas Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)