[email protected] +44 20 8123 2220 (UK) +1 732 587 5005 (US) Contact Us | FAQ |

Global Aerospace Sealants Market Research Report with Opportunities and Strategies to Boost Growth- COVID-19 Impact and Recovery

April 2022 | 127 pages | ID: G30B97A12E74EN
Maia Research

US$ 3,500.00

E-mail Delivery (PDF)

Download PDF Leaflet

Accepted cards
Wire Transfer
Checkout Later
Need Help? Ask a Question
Based on the Aerospace Sealants market development status, competitive landscape and development model in different regions of the world, this report is dedicated to providing niche markets, potential risks and comprehensive competitive strategy analysis in different fields. From the competitive advantages of different types of products and services, the development opportunities and consumption characteristics and structure analysis of the downstream application fields are all analyzed in detail. To Boost Growth during the epidemic era, this report analyzes in detail for the potential risks and opportunities which can be focused on.

In Chapter 2.4 of the report, we share our perspectives for the impact of COVID-19 from the long and short term.
In chapter 3.4, we provide the influence of the crisis on the industry chain, especially for marketing channels.
In chapters 8-13, we update the timely industry economic revitalization plan of the country-wise government.

Key players in the global Aerospace Sealants market covered in Chapter 5:
Dow Corning
Permatex
Henkel
PPG Industries
3M
Chemetall
Flamemaster
Master Bond
Cytec Industries
Royal Adhesives & Sealants

In Chapter 6, on the basis of types, the Aerospace Sealants market from 2015 to 2025 is primarily split into:
Polysulfide Sealants
Polythioether Sealants
Silicone Sealants

In Chapter 7, on the basis of applications, the Aerospace Sealants market from 2015 to 2025 covers:
Aerospace OEM
Aerospace Aftermarket

Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate, historic and forecast (2015-2025) of the following regions are covered in Chapter 8-13:
North America (Covered in Chapter 9)
United States
Canada
Mexico
Europe (Covered in Chapter 10)
Germany
UK
France
Italy
Spain
Russia
Others
Asia-Pacific (Covered in Chapter 11)
China
Japan
South Korea
Australia
India
South America (Covered in Chapter 12)
Brazil
Argentina
Columbia
Middle East and Africa (Covered in Chapter 13)
UAE
Egypt
South Africa

Years considered for this report:
Historical Years: 2015-2019
Base Year: 2019
Estimated Year: 2020
Forecast Period: 2020-2025
1 MARKET OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Definition and Market Characteristics
1.2 Global Aerospace Sealants Market Size
1.3 Market Segmentation
1.4 Global Macroeconomic Analysis
1.5 SWOT Analysis

2. MARKET DYNAMICS

2.1 Market Drivers
2.2 Market Constraints and Challenges
2.3 Emerging Market Trends
2.4 Impact of COVID-19
  2.4.1 Short-term Impact
  2.4.2 Long-term Impact

3 ASSOCIATED INDUSTRY ASSESSMENT

3.1 Supply Chain Analysis
3.2 Industry Active Participants
  3.2.1 Suppliers of Raw Materials
  3.2.2 Key Distributors/Retailers
3.3 Alternative Analysis
3.4 The Impact of Covid-19 From the Perspective of Industry Chain

4 MARKET COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

4.1 Industry Leading Players
4.2 Industry News
  4.2.1 Key Product Launch News
  4.2.2 M&A and Expansion Plans

5 ANALYSIS OF LEADING COMPANIES

5.1 Dow Corning
  5.1.1 Dow Corning Company Profile
  5.1.2 Dow Corning Business Overview
  5.1.3 Dow Corning Aerospace Sealants Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.1.4 Dow Corning Aerospace Sealants Products Introduction
5.2 Permatex
  5.2.1 Permatex Company Profile
  5.2.2 Permatex Business Overview
  5.2.3 Permatex Aerospace Sealants Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.2.4 Permatex Aerospace Sealants Products Introduction
5.3 Henkel
  5.3.1 Henkel Company Profile
  5.3.2 Henkel Business Overview
  5.3.3 Henkel Aerospace Sealants Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.3.4 Henkel Aerospace Sealants Products Introduction
5.4 PPG Industries
  5.4.1 PPG Industries Company Profile
  5.4.2 PPG Industries Business Overview
  5.4.3 PPG Industries Aerospace Sealants Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.4.4 PPG Industries Aerospace Sealants Products Introduction
5.5 3M
  5.5.1 3M Company Profile
  5.5.2 3M Business Overview
  5.5.3 3M Aerospace Sealants Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.5.4 3M Aerospace Sealants Products Introduction
5.6 Chemetall
  5.6.1 Chemetall Company Profile
  5.6.2 Chemetall Business Overview
  5.6.3 Chemetall Aerospace Sealants Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.6.4 Chemetall Aerospace Sealants Products Introduction
5.7 Flamemaster
  5.7.1 Flamemaster Company Profile
  5.7.2 Flamemaster Business Overview
  5.7.3 Flamemaster Aerospace Sealants Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.7.4 Flamemaster Aerospace Sealants Products Introduction
5.8 Master Bond
  5.8.1 Master Bond Company Profile
  5.8.2 Master Bond Business Overview
  5.8.3 Master Bond Aerospace Sealants Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.8.4 Master Bond Aerospace Sealants Products Introduction
5.9 Cytec Industries
  5.9.1 Cytec Industries Company Profile
  5.9.2 Cytec Industries Business Overview
  5.9.3 Cytec Industries Aerospace Sealants Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.9.4 Cytec Industries Aerospace Sealants Products Introduction
5.10 Royal Adhesives & Sealants
  5.10.1 Royal Adhesives & Sealants Company Profile
  5.10.2 Royal Adhesives & Sealants Business Overview
  5.10.3 Royal Adhesives & Sealants Aerospace Sealants Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  5.10.4 Royal Adhesives & Sealants Aerospace Sealants Products Introduction

6 MARKET ANALYSIS AND FORECAST, BY PRODUCT TYPES

6.1 Global Aerospace Sealants Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
  6.1.1 Global Aerospace Sealants Sales and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
  6.1.2 Global Aerospace Sealants Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
  6.1.3 Global Aerospace Sealants Price by Types (2015-2020)
6.2 Global Aerospace Sealants Market Forecast by Types (2020-2025)
  6.2.1 Global Aerospace Sealants Market Forecast Sales and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
  6.2.2 Global Aerospace Sealants Market Forecast Revenue and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
6.3 Global Aerospace Sealants Sales, Price and Growth Rate by Types (2015-2020)
  6.3.1 Global Aerospace Sealants Sales, Price and Growth Rate of Polysulfide Sealants
  6.3.2 Global Aerospace Sealants Sales, Price and Growth Rate of Polythioether Sealants
  6.3.3 Global Aerospace Sealants Sales, Price and Growth Rate of Silicone Sealants
6.4 Global Aerospace Sealants Market Revenue and Sales Forecast, by Types (2020-2025)
  6.4.1 Polysulfide Sealants Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
  6.4.2 Polythioether Sealants Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
  6.4.3 Silicone Sealants Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)

7 MARKET ANALYSIS AND FORECAST, BY APPLICATIONS

7.1 Global Aerospace Sealants Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
  7.1.1 Global Aerospace Sealants Sales and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
  7.1.2 Global Aerospace Sealants Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
7.2 Global Aerospace Sealants Market Forecast by Applications (2020-2025)
  7.2.1 Global Aerospace Sealants Market Forecast Sales and Market Share by Applications (2020-2025)
  7.2.2 Global Aerospace Sealants Market Forecast Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2020-2025)
7.3 Global Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate by Applications (2015-2020)
  7.3.1 Global Aerospace Sealants Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Aerospace OEM (2015-2020)
  7.3.2 Global Aerospace Sealants Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Aerospace Aftermarket (2015-2020)
7.4 Global Aerospace Sealants Market Revenue and Sales Forecast, by Applications (2020-2025)
  7.4.1 Aerospace OEM Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
  7.4.2 Aerospace Aftermarket Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)

8 MARKET ANALYSIS AND FORECAST, BY REGIONS

8.1 Global Aerospace Sealants Sales by Regions (2015-2020)
8.2 Global Aerospace Sealants Market Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)
8.3 Global Aerospace Sealants Market Forecast by Regions (2020-2025)

9 NORTH AMERICA AEROSPACE SEALANTS MARKET ANALYSIS

9.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
9.2 North America Aerospace Sealants Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.3 North America Aerospace Sealants Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.4 North America Aerospace Sealants Market Forecast
9.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on North America Market
9.6 North America Aerospace Sealants Market Analysis by Country
  9.6.1 U.S. Aerospace Sealants Sales and Growth Rate
  9.6.2 Canada Aerospace Sealants Sales and Growth Rate
  9.6.3 Mexico Aerospace Sealants Sales and Growth Rate

10 EUROPE AEROSPACE SEALANTS MARKET ANALYSIS

10.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
10.2 Europe Aerospace Sealants Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10.3 Europe Aerospace Sealants Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10.4 Europe Aerospace Sealants Market Forecast
10.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Europe Market
10.6 Europe Aerospace Sealants Market Analysis by Country
  10.6.1 Germany Aerospace Sealants Sales and Growth Rate
  10.6.2 United Kingdom Aerospace Sealants Sales and Growth Rate
  10.6.3 France Aerospace Sealants Sales and Growth Rate
  10.6.4 Italy Aerospace Sealants Sales and Growth Rate
  10.6.5 Spain Aerospace Sealants Sales and Growth Rate
  10.6.6 Russia Aerospace Sealants Sales and Growth Rate

11 ASIA-PACIFIC AEROSPACE SEALANTS MARKET ANALYSIS

11.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
11.2 Asia-Pacific Aerospace Sealants Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
11.3 Asia-Pacific Aerospace Sealants Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
11.4 Asia-Pacific Aerospace Sealants Market Forecast
11.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Asia Pacific Market
11.6 Asia-Pacific Aerospace Sealants Market Analysis by Country
  11.6.1 China Aerospace Sealants Sales and Growth Rate
  11.6.2 Japan Aerospace Sealants Sales and Growth Rate
  11.6.3 South Korea Aerospace Sealants Sales and Growth Rate
  11.6.4 Australia Aerospace Sealants Sales and Growth Rate
  11.6.5 India Aerospace Sealants Sales and Growth Rate

12 SOUTH AMERICA AEROSPACE SEALANTS MARKET ANALYSIS

12.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
12.2 South America Aerospace Sealants Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
12.3 South America Aerospace Sealants Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
12.4 South America Aerospace Sealants Market Forecast
12.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on South America Market
12.6 South America Aerospace Sealants Market Analysis by Country
  12.6.1 Brazil Aerospace Sealants Sales and Growth Rate
  12.6.2 Argentina Aerospace Sealants Sales and Growth Rate
  12.6.3 Columbia Aerospace Sealants Sales and Growth Rate

13 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA AEROSPACE SEALANTS MARKET ANALYSIS

13.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
13.2 Middle East and Africa Aerospace Sealants Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
13.3 Middle East and Africa Aerospace Sealants Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
13.4 Middle East and Africa Aerospace Sealants Market Forecast
13.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Middle East and Africa Market
13.6 Middle East and Africa Aerospace Sealants Market Analysis by Country
  13.6.1 UAE Aerospace Sealants Sales and Growth Rate
  13.6.2 Egypt Aerospace Sealants Sales and Growth Rate
  13.6.3 South Africa Aerospace Sealants Sales and Growth Rate

14 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

14.1 Key Market Findings and Prospects
14.2 Advice for Investors

15 APPENDIX

15.1 Methodology
15.2 Research Data Source

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Product Picture
Figure Global Aerospace Sealants Market Size and Growth Rate 2015-2025
Table Aerospace Sealants Key Market Segments
Figure Global Aerospace Sealants Market Revenue ($) Segment by Type from 2015-2020
Figure Global Aerospace Sealants Market Revenue ($) Segment by Applications from 2015-2020
Table SWOT Analysis
Figure Global COVID-19 Status
Figure Supply Chain
Table Major Players Headquarters, and Service Area of Aerospace Sealants
Table Major Players Revenue in 2019
Figure Major Players Revenue Share in 2019
Table Dow Corning Company Profile
Table Dow Corning Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Dow Corning Production and Growth Rate
Figure Dow Corning Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Permatex Company Profile
Table Permatex Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Permatex Production and Growth Rate
Figure Permatex Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Henkel Company Profile
Table Henkel Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Henkel Production and Growth Rate
Figure Henkel Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table PPG Industries Company Profile
Table PPG Industries Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure PPG Industries Production and Growth Rate
Figure PPG Industries Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table 3M Company Profile
Table 3M Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure 3M Production and Growth Rate
Figure 3M Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Chemetall Company Profile
Table Chemetall Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Chemetall Production and Growth Rate
Figure Chemetall Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Flamemaster Company Profile
Table Flamemaster Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Flamemaster Production and Growth Rate
Figure Flamemaster Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Master Bond Company Profile
Table Master Bond Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Master Bond Production and Growth Rate
Figure Master Bond Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Cytec Industries Company Profile
Table Cytec Industries Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Cytec Industries Production and Growth Rate
Figure Cytec Industries Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Royal Adhesives & Sealants Company Profile
Table Royal Adhesives & Sealants Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Royal Adhesives & Sealants Production and Growth Rate
Figure Royal Adhesives & Sealants Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Global Aerospace Sealants Sales by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Aerospace Sealants Sales Share by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Aerospace Sealants Revenue ($) by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Aerospace Sealants Revenue Share by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Aerospace Sealants Price ($) by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Aerospace Sealants Market Forecast Sales by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Aerospace Sealants Market Forecast Sales Share by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Aerospace Sealants Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Aerospace Sealants Market Forecast Revenue Share by Types (2020-2025)
Figure Global Polysulfide Sealants Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Polysulfide Sealants Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Polythioether Sealants Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Polythioether Sealants Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Silicone Sealants Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Silicone Sealants Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Aerospace Sealants Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Polysulfide Sealants (2020-2025)
Figure Global Aerospace Sealants Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Polysulfide Sealants (2020-2025)
Figure Global Aerospace Sealants Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Polythioether Sealants (2020-2025)
Figure Global Aerospace Sealants Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Polythioether Sealants (2020-2025)
Figure Global Aerospace Sealants Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Silicone Sealants (2020-2025)
Figure Global Aerospace Sealants Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Silicone Sealants (2020-2025)
Table Global Aerospace Sealants Sales by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Aerospace Sealants Sales Share by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Aerospace Sealants Revenue ($) by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Aerospace Sealants Revenue Share by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Aerospace Sealants Market Forecast Sales by Applications (2020-2025)
Table Global Aerospace Sealants Market Forecast Sales Share by Applications (2020-2025)
Table Global Aerospace Sealants Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Applications (2020-2025)
Table Global Aerospace Sealants Market Forecast Revenue Share by Applications (2020-2025)
Figure Global Aerospace OEM Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Aerospace OEM Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Aerospace Aftermarket Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Aerospace Aftermarket Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Aerospace Sealants Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Aerospace OEM (2020-2025)
Figure Global Aerospace Sealants Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Aerospace OEM (2020-2025)
Figure Global Aerospace Sealants Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Aerospace Aftermarket (2020-2025)
Figure Global Aerospace Sealants Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Aerospace Aftermarket (2020-2025)
Figure Global Aerospace Sealants Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global Aerospace Sealants Sales by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global Aerospace Sealants Sales Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Figure Global Aerospace Sealants Sales Market Share by Regions in 2019
Figure Global Aerospace Sealants Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global Aerospace Sealants Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global Aerospace Sealants Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Figure Global Aerospace Sealants Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2019
Table Global Aerospace Sealants Market Forecast Sales by Regions (2020-2025)
Table Global Aerospace Sealants Market Forecast Sales Share by Regions (2020-2025)
Table Global Aerospace Sealants Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Regions (2020-2025)
Table Global Aerospace Sealants Market Forecast Revenue Share by Regions (2020-2025)
Figure North America Aerospace Sealants Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure North America Aerospace Sealants Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure North America Aerospace Sealants Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure North America Aerospace Sealants Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure North America COVID-19 Status
Figure U.S. Aerospace Sealants Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Canada Aerospace Sealants Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Mexico Aerospace Sealants Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Aerospace Sealants Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Aerospace Sealants Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Aerospace Sealants Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure Europe Aerospace Sealants Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure Europe COVID-19 Status
Figure Germany Aerospace Sealants Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure United Kingdom Aerospace Sealants Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure France Aerospace Sealants Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Italy Aerospace Sealants Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Spain Aerospace Sealants Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Russia Aerospace Sealants Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Aerospace Sealants Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Aerospace Sealants Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Aerospace Sealants Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure Asia-Pacific Aerospace Sealants Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure Asia Pacific COVID-19 Status
Figure China Aerospace Sealants Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Japan Aerospace Sealants Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South Korea Aerospace Sealants Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Australia Aerospace Sealants Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure India Aerospace Sealants Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Aerospace Sealants Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Aerospace Sealants Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Aerospace Sealants Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure South America Aerospace Sealants Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure Brazil Aerospace Sealants Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Argentina Aerospace Sealants Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Columbia Aerospace Sealants Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Aerospace Sealants Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Aerospace Sealants Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Aerospace Sealants Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure Middle East and Africa Aerospace Sealants Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure UAE Aerospace Sealants Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Egypt Aerospace Sealants Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South Africa Aerospace Sealants Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)


More Publications