Electronic Goods Coating Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2022-2028

February 2022 | 70 pages | ID: E2499CAF4417EN
Market Monitor Global

Abstracts

Electronic Goods Coating is a shell coating used in electronic commodities. It is mainly used in the shells of three major types of products such as computers, mobile phones, and home appliances.

This report contains market size and forecasts of Electronic Goods Coating in global, including the following market information:

Global Electronic Goods Coating Market Revenue, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, ($ millions)

Global Electronic Goods Coating Market Sales, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, (Kiloton)

Global top five Electronic Goods Coating companies in 2021 (%)

The global Electronic Goods Coating market was valued at million in 2021 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2028, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period.

The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2021, While China is Forecast to Reach $ Million by 2028.

UV Light Curing Coating Segment to Reach $ Million by 2028, with a % CAGR in next six years.

The global key manufacturers of Electronic Goods Coating include AkzoNobel, PPG, Berg, Musashi, 3M and Toho, etc. In 2021, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.

MARKET MONITOR GLOBAL, INC (MMG) has surveyed the Electronic Goods Coating manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.

Total Market by Segment:

Global Electronic Goods Coating Market, by Type, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (Kiloton)

Global Electronic Goods Coating Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2021 (%)

• UV Light Curing Coating
• Heat Curing Coating

Global Electronic Goods Coating Market, by Application, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (Kiloton)

Global Electronic Goods Coating Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2021 (%)

• Mobile Phone
• Computer
• Home Appliances
• Other

Global Electronic Goods Coating Market, By Region and Country, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (Kiloton)

Global Electronic Goods Coating Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2021 (%)

• North America
• US
• Canada
• Mexico
• Europe
• Germany
• France
• U.K.
• Italy
• Russia
• Nordic Countries
• Benelux
• Rest of Europe
• Asia
• China
• Japan
• South Korea
• Southeast Asia
• India
• Rest of Asia
• South America
• Brazil
• Argentina
• Rest of South America
• Middle East & Africa
• Turkey
• Israel
• Saudi Arabia
• UAE
• Rest of Middle East & Africa

Competitor Analysis

The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:

Key companies Electronic Goods Coating revenues in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), ($ millions)

Key companies Electronic Goods Coating revenues share in global market, 2021 (%)

Key companies Electronic Goods Coating sales in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), (Kiloton)

Key companies Electronic Goods Coating sales share in global market, 2021 (%)

Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:

• AkzoNobel
• PPG
• Berg
• Musashi
• 3M
• Toho

Contents

1 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH & ANALYSIS REPORTS

1.1 Electronic Goods Coating Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
  1.2.1 Market by Type
  1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Electronic Goods Coating Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
  1.5.1 Research Methodology
  1.5.2 Research Process
  1.5.3 Base Year
  1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats

2 GLOBAL ELECTRONIC GOODS COATING OVERALL MARKET SIZE

2.1 Global Electronic Goods Coating Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Global Electronic Goods Coating Sales: 2017-2028

3 COMPANY LANDSCAPE

3.1 Top Electronic Goods Coating Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Electronic Goods Coating Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Electronic Goods Coating Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Electronic Goods Coating Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Electronic Goods Coating Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Electronic Goods Coating Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.7 Global Manufacturers Electronic Goods Coating Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Electronic Goods Coating Players in Global Market
  3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Electronic Goods Coating Companies
  3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Electronic Goods Coating Companies

4 SIGHTS BY PRODUCT

4.1 Overview
  4.1.1 By Type - Global Electronic Goods Coating Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2028
  4.1.2 UV Light Curing Coating
  4.1.3 Heat Curing Coating
4.2 By Type - Global Electronic Goods Coating Revenue & Forecasts
  4.2.1 By Type - Global Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, 2017-2022
  4.2.2 By Type - Global Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, 2023-2028
  4.2.3 By Type - Global Electronic Goods Coating Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
4.3 By Type - Global Electronic Goods Coating Sales & Forecasts
  4.3.1 By Type - Global Electronic Goods Coating Sales, 2017-2022
  4.3.2 By Type - Global Electronic Goods Coating Sales, 2023-2028
  4.3.3 By Type - Global Electronic Goods Coating Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
4.4 By Type - Global Electronic Goods Coating Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

5 SIGHTS BY APPLICATION

5.1 Overview
  5.1.1 By Application - Global Electronic Goods Coating Market Size, 2021 & 2028
  5.1.2 Mobile Phone
  5.1.3 Computer
  5.1.4 Home Appliances
  5.1.5 Other
5.2 By Application - Global Electronic Goods Coating Revenue & Forecasts
  5.2.1 By Application - Global Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, 2017-2022
  5.2.2 By Application - Global Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, 2023-2028
  5.2.3 By Application - Global Electronic Goods Coating Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
5.3 By Application - Global Electronic Goods Coating Sales & Forecasts
  5.3.1 By Application - Global Electronic Goods Coating Sales, 2017-2022
  5.3.2 By Application - Global Electronic Goods Coating Sales, 2023-2028
  5.3.3 By Application - Global Electronic Goods Coating Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
5.4 By Application - Global Electronic Goods Coating Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

6 SIGHTS BY REGION

6.1 By Region - Global Electronic Goods Coating Market Size, 2021 & 2028
6.2 By Region - Global Electronic Goods Coating Revenue & Forecasts
  6.2.1 By Region - Global Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, 2017-2022
  6.2.2 By Region - Global Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, 2023-2028
  6.2.3 By Region - Global Electronic Goods Coating Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6.3 By Region - Global Electronic Goods Coating Sales & Forecasts
  6.3.1 By Region - Global Electronic Goods Coating Sales, 2017-2022
  6.3.2 By Region - Global Electronic Goods Coating Sales, 2023-2028
  6.3.3 By Region - Global Electronic Goods Coating Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
6.4 North America
  6.4.1 By Country - North America Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.4.2 By Country - North America Electronic Goods Coating Sales, 2017-2028
  6.4.3 US Electronic Goods Coating Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.4 Canada Electronic Goods Coating Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.5 Mexico Electronic Goods Coating Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5 Europe
  6.5.1 By Country - Europe Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.5.2 By Country - Europe Electronic Goods Coating Sales, 2017-2028
  6.5.3 Germany Electronic Goods Coating Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.4 France Electronic Goods Coating Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.5 U.K. Electronic Goods Coating Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.6 Italy Electronic Goods Coating Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.7 Russia Electronic Goods Coating Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.8 Nordic Countries Electronic Goods Coating Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.9 Benelux Electronic Goods Coating Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6 Asia
  6.6.1 By Region - Asia Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.6.2 By Region - Asia Electronic Goods Coating Sales, 2017-2028
  6.6.3 China Electronic Goods Coating Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.4 Japan Electronic Goods Coating Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.5 South Korea Electronic Goods Coating Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.6 Southeast Asia Electronic Goods Coating Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.7 India Electronic Goods Coating Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7 South America
  6.7.1 By Country - South America Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.7.2 By Country - South America Electronic Goods Coating Sales, 2017-2028
  6.7.3 Brazil Electronic Goods Coating Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.7.4 Argentina Electronic Goods Coating Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8 Middle East & Africa
  6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Electronic Goods Coating Sales, 2017-2028
  6.8.3 Turkey Electronic Goods Coating Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.4 Israel Electronic Goods Coating Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Electronic Goods Coating Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.6 UAE Electronic Goods Coating Market Size, 2017-2028

7 MANUFACTURERS & BRANDS PROFILES

7.1 AkzoNobel
  7.1.1 AkzoNobel Corporate Summary
  7.1.2 AkzoNobel Business Overview
  7.1.3 AkzoNobel Electronic Goods Coating Major Product Offerings
  7.1.4 AkzoNobel Electronic Goods Coating Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.1.5 AkzoNobel Key News
7.2 PPG
  7.2.1 PPG Corporate Summary
  7.2.2 PPG Business Overview
  7.2.3 PPG Electronic Goods Coating Major Product Offerings
  7.2.4 PPG Electronic Goods Coating Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.2.5 PPG Key News
7.3 Berg
  7.3.1 Berg Corporate Summary
  7.3.2 Berg Business Overview
  7.3.3 Berg Electronic Goods Coating Major Product Offerings
  7.3.4 Berg Electronic Goods Coating Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.3.5 Berg Key News
7.4 Musashi
  7.4.1 Musashi Corporate Summary
  7.4.2 Musashi Business Overview
  7.4.3 Musashi Electronic Goods Coating Major Product Offerings
  7.4.4 Musashi Electronic Goods Coating Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.4.5 Musashi Key News
7.5 3M
  7.5.1 3M Corporate Summary
  7.5.2 3M Business Overview
  7.5.3 3M Electronic Goods Coating Major Product Offerings
  7.5.4 3M Electronic Goods Coating Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.5.5 3M Key News
7.6 Toho
  7.6.1 Toho Corporate Summary
  7.6.2 Toho Business Overview
  7.6.3 Toho Electronic Goods Coating Major Product Offerings
  7.6.4 Toho Electronic Goods Coating Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.6.5 Toho Key News

8 GLOBAL ELECTRONIC GOODS COATING PRODUCTION CAPACITY, ANALYSIS

8.1 Global Electronic Goods Coating Production Capacity, 2017-2028
8.2 Electronic Goods Coating Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Electronic Goods Coating Production by Region

9 KEY MARKET TRENDS, OPPORTUNITY, DRIVERS AND RESTRAINTS

9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints

10 ELECTRONIC GOODS COATING SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS

10.1 Electronic Goods Coating Industry Value Chain
10.2 Electronic Goods Coating Upstream Market
10.3 Electronic Goods Coating Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
  10.4.1 Marketing Channels
  10.4.2 Electronic Goods Coating Distributors and Sales Agents in Global

11 CONCLUSION

12 APPENDIX

12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Key Players of Electronic Goods Coating in Global Market
Table 2. Top Electronic Goods Coating Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 3. Global Electronic Goods Coating Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 4. Global Electronic Goods Coating Revenue Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 5. Global Electronic Goods Coating Sales by Companies, (Kiloton), 2017-2022
Table 6. Global Electronic Goods Coating Sales Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Electronic Goods Coating Price (2017-2022) & (US$/Ton)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Electronic Goods Coating Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Electronic Goods Coating Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Electronic Goods Coating Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type – Global Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 12. By Type - Global Electronic Goods Coating Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 13. By Type - Global Electronic Goods Coating Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 14. By Type - Global Electronic Goods Coating Sales (Kiloton), 2017-2022
Table 15. By Type - Global Electronic Goods Coating Sales (Kiloton), 2023-2028
Table 16. By Application – Global Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 17. By Application - Global Electronic Goods Coating Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 18. By Application - Global Electronic Goods Coating Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 19. By Application - Global Electronic Goods Coating Sales (Kiloton), 2017-2022
Table 20. By Application - Global Electronic Goods Coating Sales (Kiloton), 2023-2028
Table 21. By Region – Global Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 VS 2028
Table 22. By Region - Global Electronic Goods Coating Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 23. By Region - Global Electronic Goods Coating Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 24. By Region - Global Electronic Goods Coating Sales (Kiloton), 2017-2022
Table 25. By Region - Global Electronic Goods Coating Sales (Kiloton), 2023-2028
Table 26. By Country - North America Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 27. By Country - North America Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 28. By Country - North America Electronic Goods Coating Sales, (Kiloton), 2017-2022
Table 29. By Country - North America Electronic Goods Coating Sales, (Kiloton), 2023-2028
Table 30. By Country - Europe Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 31. By Country - Europe Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 32. By Country - Europe Electronic Goods Coating Sales, (Kiloton), 2017-2022
Table 33. By Country - Europe Electronic Goods Coating Sales, (Kiloton), 2023-2028
Table 34. By Region - Asia Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 35. By Region - Asia Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 36. By Region - Asia Electronic Goods Coating Sales, (Kiloton), 2017-2022
Table 37. By Region - Asia Electronic Goods Coating Sales, (Kiloton), 2023-2028
Table 38. By Country - South America Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 39. By Country - South America Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 40. By Country - South America Electronic Goods Coating Sales, (Kiloton), 2017-2022
Table 41. By Country - South America Electronic Goods Coating Sales, (Kiloton), 2023-2028
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Electronic Goods Coating Sales, (Kiloton), 2017-2022
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Electronic Goods Coating Sales, (Kiloton), 2023-2028
Table 46. AkzoNobel Corporate Summary
Table 47. AkzoNobel Electronic Goods Coating Product Offerings
Table 48. AkzoNobel Electronic Goods Coating Sales (Kiloton), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 49. PPG Corporate Summary
Table 50. PPG Electronic Goods Coating Product Offerings
Table 51. PPG Electronic Goods Coating Sales (Kiloton), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 52. Berg Corporate Summary
Table 53. Berg Electronic Goods Coating Product Offerings
Table 54. Berg Electronic Goods Coating Sales (Kiloton), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 55. Musashi Corporate Summary
Table 56. Musashi Electronic Goods Coating Product Offerings
Table 57. Musashi Electronic Goods Coating Sales (Kiloton), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 58. 3M Corporate Summary
Table 59. 3M Electronic Goods Coating Product Offerings
Table 60. 3M Electronic Goods Coating Sales (Kiloton), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 61. Toho Corporate Summary
Table 62. Toho Electronic Goods Coating Product Offerings
Table 63. Toho Electronic Goods Coating Sales (Kiloton), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 64. Electronic Goods Coating Production Capacity (Kiloton) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2020-2022 (Kiloton)
Table 65. Global Electronic Goods Coating Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2020-2022
Table 66. Global Electronic Goods Coating Production by Region, 2017-2022 (Kiloton)
Table 67. Global Electronic Goods Coating Production by Region, 2023-2028 (Kiloton)
Table 68. Electronic Goods Coating Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 69. Electronic Goods Coating Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 70. Electronic Goods Coating Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 71. Electronic Goods Coating Raw Materials
Table 72. Electronic Goods Coating Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 73. Typical Electronic Goods Coating Downstream
Table 74. Electronic Goods Coating Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 75. Electronic Goods Coating Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market

List Of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Electronic Goods Coating Segment by Type
Figure 2. Electronic Goods Coating Segment by Application
Figure 3. Global Electronic Goods Coating Market Overview: 2021
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Electronic Goods Coating Market Size: 2021 VS 2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, 2017-2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Electronic Goods Coating Sales in Global Market: 2017-2028 (Kiloton)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Electronic Goods Coating Revenue in 2021
Figure 9. By Type - Global Electronic Goods Coating Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 10. By Type - Global Electronic Goods Coating Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 11. By Type - Global Electronic Goods Coating Price (US$/Ton), 2017-2028
Figure 12. By Application - Global Electronic Goods Coating Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 13. By Application - Global Electronic Goods Coating Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 14. By Application - Global Electronic Goods Coating Price (US$/Ton), 2017-2028
Figure 15. By Region - Global Electronic Goods Coating Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 16. By Region - Global Electronic Goods Coating Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 17. By Country - North America Electronic Goods Coating Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 18. By Country - North America Electronic Goods Coating Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 19. US Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 20. Canada Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 21. Mexico Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 22. By Country - Europe Electronic Goods Coating Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 23. By Country - Europe Electronic Goods Coating Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 24. Germany Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 25. France Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 26. U.K. Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 27. Italy Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 28. Russia Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 29. Nordic Countries Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 30. Benelux Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 31. By Region - Asia Electronic Goods Coating Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 32. By Region - Asia Electronic Goods Coating Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 33. China Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 34. Japan Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 35. South Korea Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 36. Southeast Asia Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 37. India Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 38. By Country - South America Electronic Goods Coating Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 39. By Country - South America Electronic Goods Coating Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 40. Brazil Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 41. Argentina Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Electronic Goods Coating Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Electronic Goods Coating Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 44. Turkey Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 45. Israel Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 46. Saudi Arabia Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 47. UAE Electronic Goods Coating Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 48. Global Electronic Goods Coating Production Capacity (Kiloton), 2017-2028
Figure 49. The Percentage of Production Electronic Goods Coating by Region, 2021 VS 2028
Figure 50. Electronic Goods Coating Industry Value Chain
Figure 51. Marketing Channels