Dioctyl Succinate Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2022-2028

April 2022 | 77 pages | ID: D53B561690A6EN
Market Monitor Global

Abstracts

This report contains market size and forecasts of Dioctyl Succinate in global, including the following market information:

Global Dioctyl Succinate Market Revenue, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, ($ millions)

Global Dioctyl Succinate Market Sales, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, (MT)

Global top five Dioctyl Succinate companies in 2021 (%)

The global Dioctyl Succinate market was valued at million in 2021 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2028, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period.

The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2021, While China is Forecast to Reach $ Million by 2028.

Cosmetic Grade Segment to Reach $ Million by 2028, with a % CAGR in next six years.

The global key manufacturers of Dioctyl Succinate include Croda, Alzo International, OXEA GmbH, BLD Pharmatech, Tractus and TCI Chemicals, etc. In 2021, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.

MARKET MONITOR GLOBAL, INC (MMG) has surveyed the Dioctyl Succinate manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.

Total Market by Segment:

Global Dioctyl Succinate Market, by Type, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (MT)

Global Dioctyl Succinate Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2021 (%)

• Cosmetic Grade
• Pharmaceutical Grade

Global Dioctyl Succinate Market, by Application, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (MT)

Global Dioctyl Succinate Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2021 (%)

• Plasticizers
• Moisturizers
• Emollients
• Others

Global Dioctyl Succinate Market, By Region and Country, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (MT)

Global Dioctyl Succinate Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2021 (%)

• North America
• US
• Canada
• Mexico
• Europe
• Germany
• France
• U.K.
• Italy
• Russia
• Nordic Countries
• Benelux
• Rest of Europe
• Asia
• China
• Japan
• South Korea
• Southeast Asia
• India
• Rest of Asia
• South America
• Brazil
• Argentina
• Rest of South America
• Middle East & Africa
• Turkey
• Israel
• Saudi Arabia
• UAE
• Rest of Middle East & Africa

Competitor Analysis

The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:

Key companies Dioctyl Succinate revenues in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), ($ millions)

Key companies Dioctyl Succinate revenues share in global market, 2021 (%)

Key companies Dioctyl Succinate sales in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), (MT)

Key companies Dioctyl Succinate sales share in global market, 2021 (%)

Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:

• Croda
• Alzo International
• OXEA GmbH
• BLD Pharmatech
• Tractus
• TCI Chemicals

Contents

1 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH & ANALYSIS REPORTS

1.1 Dioctyl Succinate Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
  1.2.1 Market by Type
  1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Dioctyl Succinate Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
  1.5.1 Research Methodology
  1.5.2 Research Process
  1.5.3 Base Year
  1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats

2 GLOBAL DIOCTYL SUCCINATE OVERALL MARKET SIZE

2.1 Global Dioctyl Succinate Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Global Dioctyl Succinate Sales: 2017-2028

3 COMPANY LANDSCAPE

3.1 Top Dioctyl Succinate Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Dioctyl Succinate Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Dioctyl Succinate Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Dioctyl Succinate Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Dioctyl Succinate Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Dioctyl Succinate Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.7 Global Manufacturers Dioctyl Succinate Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Dioctyl Succinate Players in Global Market
  3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Dioctyl Succinate Companies
  3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Dioctyl Succinate Companies

4 SIGHTS BY PRODUCT

4.1 Overview
  4.1.1 By Type - Global Dioctyl Succinate Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2028
  4.1.2 Cosmetic Grade
  4.1.3 Pharmaceutical Grade
4.2 By Type - Global Dioctyl Succinate Revenue & Forecasts
  4.2.1 By Type - Global Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, 2017-2022
  4.2.2 By Type - Global Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, 2023-2028
  4.2.3 By Type - Global Dioctyl Succinate Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
4.3 By Type - Global Dioctyl Succinate Sales & Forecasts
  4.3.1 By Type - Global Dioctyl Succinate Sales, 2017-2022
  4.3.2 By Type - Global Dioctyl Succinate Sales, 2023-2028
  4.3.3 By Type - Global Dioctyl Succinate Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
4.4 By Type - Global Dioctyl Succinate Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

5 SIGHTS BY APPLICATION

5.1 Overview
  5.1.1 By Application - Global Dioctyl Succinate Market Size, 2021 & 2028
  5.1.2 Plasticizers
  5.1.3 Moisturizers
  5.1.4 Emollients
  5.1.5 Others
5.2 By Application - Global Dioctyl Succinate Revenue & Forecasts
  5.2.1 By Application - Global Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, 2017-2022
  5.2.2 By Application - Global Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, 2023-2028
  5.2.3 By Application - Global Dioctyl Succinate Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
5.3 By Application - Global Dioctyl Succinate Sales & Forecasts
  5.3.1 By Application - Global Dioctyl Succinate Sales, 2017-2022
  5.3.2 By Application - Global Dioctyl Succinate Sales, 2023-2028
  5.3.3 By Application - Global Dioctyl Succinate Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
5.4 By Application - Global Dioctyl Succinate Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

6 SIGHTS BY REGION

6.1 By Region - Global Dioctyl Succinate Market Size, 2021 & 2028
6.2 By Region - Global Dioctyl Succinate Revenue & Forecasts
  6.2.1 By Region - Global Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, 2017-2022
  6.2.2 By Region - Global Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, 2023-2028
  6.2.3 By Region - Global Dioctyl Succinate Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6.3 By Region - Global Dioctyl Succinate Sales & Forecasts
  6.3.1 By Region - Global Dioctyl Succinate Sales, 2017-2022
  6.3.2 By Region - Global Dioctyl Succinate Sales, 2023-2028
  6.3.3 By Region - Global Dioctyl Succinate Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
6.4 North America
  6.4.1 By Country - North America Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.4.2 By Country - North America Dioctyl Succinate Sales, 2017-2028
  6.4.3 US Dioctyl Succinate Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.4 Canada Dioctyl Succinate Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.5 Mexico Dioctyl Succinate Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5 Europe
  6.5.1 By Country - Europe Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.5.2 By Country - Europe Dioctyl Succinate Sales, 2017-2028
  6.5.3 Germany Dioctyl Succinate Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.4 France Dioctyl Succinate Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.5 U.K. Dioctyl Succinate Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.6 Italy Dioctyl Succinate Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.7 Russia Dioctyl Succinate Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.8 Nordic Countries Dioctyl Succinate Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.9 Benelux Dioctyl Succinate Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6 Asia
  6.6.1 By Region - Asia Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.6.2 By Region - Asia Dioctyl Succinate Sales, 2017-2028
  6.6.3 China Dioctyl Succinate Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.4 Japan Dioctyl Succinate Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.5 South Korea Dioctyl Succinate Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.6 Southeast Asia Dioctyl Succinate Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.7 India Dioctyl Succinate Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7 South America
  6.7.1 By Country - South America Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.7.2 By Country - South America Dioctyl Succinate Sales, 2017-2028
  6.7.3 Brazil Dioctyl Succinate Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.7.4 Argentina Dioctyl Succinate Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8 Middle East & Africa
  6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Dioctyl Succinate Sales, 2017-2028
  6.8.3 Turkey Dioctyl Succinate Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.4 Israel Dioctyl Succinate Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Dioctyl Succinate Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.6 UAE Dioctyl Succinate Market Size, 2017-2028

7 MANUFACTURERS & BRANDS PROFILES

7.1 Croda
  7.1.1 Croda Corporate Summary
  7.1.2 Croda Business Overview
  7.1.3 Croda Dioctyl Succinate Major Product Offerings
  7.1.4 Croda Dioctyl Succinate Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.1.5 Croda Key News
7.2 Alzo International
  7.2.1 Alzo International Corporate Summary
  7.2.2 Alzo International Business Overview
  7.2.3 Alzo International Dioctyl Succinate Major Product Offerings
  7.2.4 Alzo International Dioctyl Succinate Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.2.5 Alzo International Key News
7.3 OXEA GmbH
  7.3.1 OXEA GmbH Corporate Summary
  7.3.2 OXEA GmbH Business Overview
  7.3.3 OXEA GmbH Dioctyl Succinate Major Product Offerings
  7.3.4 OXEA GmbH Dioctyl Succinate Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.3.5 OXEA GmbH Key News
7.4 BLD Pharmatech
  7.4.1 BLD Pharmatech Corporate Summary
  7.4.2 BLD Pharmatech Business Overview
  7.4.3 BLD Pharmatech Dioctyl Succinate Major Product Offerings
  7.4.4 BLD Pharmatech Dioctyl Succinate Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.4.5 BLD Pharmatech Key News
7.5 Tractus
  7.5.1 Tractus Corporate Summary
  7.5.2 Tractus Business Overview
  7.5.3 Tractus Dioctyl Succinate Major Product Offerings
  7.5.4 Tractus Dioctyl Succinate Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.5.5 Tractus Key News
7.6 TCI Chemicals
  7.6.1 TCI Chemicals Corporate Summary
  7.6.2 TCI Chemicals Business Overview
  7.6.3 TCI Chemicals Dioctyl Succinate Major Product Offerings
  7.6.4 TCI Chemicals Dioctyl Succinate Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.6.5 TCI Chemicals Key News

8 GLOBAL DIOCTYL SUCCINATE PRODUCTION CAPACITY, ANALYSIS

8.1 Global Dioctyl Succinate Production Capacity, 2017-2028
8.2 Dioctyl Succinate Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Dioctyl Succinate Production by Region

9 KEY MARKET TRENDS, OPPORTUNITY, DRIVERS AND RESTRAINTS

9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints

10 DIOCTYL SUCCINATE SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS

10.1 Dioctyl Succinate Industry Value Chain
10.2 Dioctyl Succinate Upstream Market
10.3 Dioctyl Succinate Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
  10.4.1 Marketing Channels
  10.4.2 Dioctyl Succinate Distributors and Sales Agents in Global

11 CONCLUSION

12 APPENDIX

12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Key Players of Dioctyl Succinate in Global Market
Table 2. Top Dioctyl Succinate Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 3. Global Dioctyl Succinate Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 4. Global Dioctyl Succinate Revenue Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 5. Global Dioctyl Succinate Sales by Companies, (MT), 2017-2022
Table 6. Global Dioctyl Succinate Sales Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Dioctyl Succinate Price (2017-2022) & (USD/Kg)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Dioctyl Succinate Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Dioctyl Succinate Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Dioctyl Succinate Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type – Global Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 12. By Type - Global Dioctyl Succinate Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 13. By Type - Global Dioctyl Succinate Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 14. By Type - Global Dioctyl Succinate Sales (MT), 2017-2022
Table 15. By Type - Global Dioctyl Succinate Sales (MT), 2023-2028
Table 16. By Application – Global Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 17. By Application - Global Dioctyl Succinate Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 18. By Application - Global Dioctyl Succinate Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 19. By Application - Global Dioctyl Succinate Sales (MT), 2017-2022
Table 20. By Application - Global Dioctyl Succinate Sales (MT), 2023-2028
Table 21. By Region – Global Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 VS 2028
Table 22. By Region - Global Dioctyl Succinate Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 23. By Region - Global Dioctyl Succinate Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 24. By Region - Global Dioctyl Succinate Sales (MT), 2017-2022
Table 25. By Region - Global Dioctyl Succinate Sales (MT), 2023-2028
Table 26. By Country - North America Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 27. By Country - North America Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 28. By Country - North America Dioctyl Succinate Sales, (MT), 2017-2022
Table 29. By Country - North America Dioctyl Succinate Sales, (MT), 2023-2028
Table 30. By Country - Europe Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 31. By Country - Europe Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 32. By Country - Europe Dioctyl Succinate Sales, (MT), 2017-2022
Table 33. By Country - Europe Dioctyl Succinate Sales, (MT), 2023-2028
Table 34. By Region - Asia Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 35. By Region - Asia Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 36. By Region - Asia Dioctyl Succinate Sales, (MT), 2017-2022
Table 37. By Region - Asia Dioctyl Succinate Sales, (MT), 2023-2028
Table 38. By Country - South America Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 39. By Country - South America Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 40. By Country - South America Dioctyl Succinate Sales, (MT), 2017-2022
Table 41. By Country - South America Dioctyl Succinate Sales, (MT), 2023-2028
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Dioctyl Succinate Sales, (MT), 2017-2022
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Dioctyl Succinate Sales, (MT), 2023-2028
Table 46. Croda Corporate Summary
Table 47. Croda Dioctyl Succinate Product Offerings
Table 48. Croda Dioctyl Succinate Sales (MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Kg) (2017-2022)
Table 49. Alzo International Corporate Summary
Table 50. Alzo International Dioctyl Succinate Product Offerings
Table 51. Alzo International Dioctyl Succinate Sales (MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Kg) (2017-2022)
Table 52. OXEA GmbH Corporate Summary
Table 53. OXEA GmbH Dioctyl Succinate Product Offerings
Table 54. OXEA GmbH Dioctyl Succinate Sales (MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Kg) (2017-2022)
Table 55. BLD Pharmatech Corporate Summary
Table 56. BLD Pharmatech Dioctyl Succinate Product Offerings
Table 57. BLD Pharmatech Dioctyl Succinate Sales (MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Kg) (2017-2022)
Table 58. Tractus Corporate Summary
Table 59. Tractus Dioctyl Succinate Product Offerings
Table 60. Tractus Dioctyl Succinate Sales (MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Kg) (2017-2022)
Table 61. TCI Chemicals Corporate Summary
Table 62. TCI Chemicals Dioctyl Succinate Product Offerings
Table 63. TCI Chemicals Dioctyl Succinate Sales (MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Kg) (2017-2022)
Table 64. Dioctyl Succinate Production Capacity (MT) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2020-2022 (MT)
Table 65. Global Dioctyl Succinate Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2020-2022
Table 66. Global Dioctyl Succinate Production by Region, 2017-2022 (MT)
Table 67. Global Dioctyl Succinate Production by Region, 2023-2028 (MT)
Table 68. Dioctyl Succinate Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 69. Dioctyl Succinate Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 70. Dioctyl Succinate Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 71. Dioctyl Succinate Raw Materials
Table 72. Dioctyl Succinate Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 73. Typical Dioctyl Succinate Downstream
Table 74. Dioctyl Succinate Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 75. Dioctyl Succinate Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market

List Of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Dioctyl Succinate Segment by Type
Figure 2. Dioctyl Succinate Segment by Application
Figure 3. Global Dioctyl Succinate Market Overview: 2021
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Dioctyl Succinate Market Size: 2021 VS 2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, 2017-2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Dioctyl Succinate Sales in Global Market: 2017-2028 (MT)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Dioctyl Succinate Revenue in 2021
Figure 9. By Type - Global Dioctyl Succinate Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 10. By Type - Global Dioctyl Succinate Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 11. By Type - Global Dioctyl Succinate Price (USD/Kg), 2017-2028
Figure 12. By Application - Global Dioctyl Succinate Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 13. By Application - Global Dioctyl Succinate Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 14. By Application - Global Dioctyl Succinate Price (USD/Kg), 2017-2028
Figure 15. By Region - Global Dioctyl Succinate Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 16. By Region - Global Dioctyl Succinate Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 17. By Country - North America Dioctyl Succinate Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 18. By Country - North America Dioctyl Succinate Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 19. US Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 20. Canada Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 21. Mexico Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 22. By Country - Europe Dioctyl Succinate Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 23. By Country - Europe Dioctyl Succinate Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 24. Germany Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 25. France Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 26. U.K. Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 27. Italy Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 28. Russia Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 29. Nordic Countries Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 30. Benelux Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 31. By Region - Asia Dioctyl Succinate Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 32. By Region - Asia Dioctyl Succinate Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 33. China Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 34. Japan Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 35. South Korea Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 36. Southeast Asia Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 37. India Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 38. By Country - South America Dioctyl Succinate Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 39. By Country - South America Dioctyl Succinate Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 40. Brazil Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 41. Argentina Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Dioctyl Succinate Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Dioctyl Succinate Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 44. Turkey Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 45. Israel Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 46. Saudi Arabia Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 47. UAE Dioctyl Succinate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 48. Global Dioctyl Succinate Production Capacity (MT), 2017-2028
Figure 49. The Percentage of Production Dioctyl Succinate by Region, 2021 VS 2028
Figure 50. Dioctyl Succinate Industry Value Chain
Figure 51. Marketing Channels