BPADA Industry Research Report 2024
BPADA, a kind of special monomer, is one of the main raw materials to make high performance PEI.
According to APO Research, The global BPADA market was valued at US$ million in 2023 and is anticipated to reach US$ million by 2030, witnessing a CAGR of xx% during the forecast period 2024-2030.
North America is the largest producer of BPADA, with a market share about 75%. SABIC, GuChuang New Chemical Materials and Shanghai Plastics Research Institute are the key manufacturers of industry, and SABIC had nearly 100% market share.
Report Scope
This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for BPADA, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding BPADA.
The report will help the BPADA manufacturers, new entrants, and industry chain related companies in this market with information on the revenues, sales volume, and average price for the overall market and the sub-segments across the different segments, by company, by Type, by Application, and by regions.
The BPADA market size, estimations, and forecasts are provided in terms of sales volume (MT) and revenue ($ millions), considering 2023 as the base year, with history and forecast data for the period from 2019 to 2030. This report segments the global BPADA market comprehensively. Regional market sizes, concerning products by Type, by Application, and by players, are also provided. For a more in-depth understanding of the market, the report provides profiles of the competitive landscape, key competitors, and their respective market ranks. The report also discusses technological trends and new product developments.
Key Companies & Market Share Insights
In this section, the readers will gain an understanding of the key players competing. This report has studied the key growth strategies, such as innovative trends and developments, intensification of product portfolio, mergers and acquisitions, collaborations, new product innovation, and geographical expansion, undertaken by these participants to maintain their presence. Apart from business strategies, the study includes current developments and key financials. The readers will also get access to the data related to global revenue, price, and sales by manufacturers for the period 2019-2024. This all-inclusive report will certainly serve the clients to stay updated and make effective decisions in their businesses. Some of the prominent players reviewed in the research report include:
High-impact rendering factors and drivers have been studied in this report to aid the readers to understand the general development. Moreover, the report includes restraints and challenges that may act as stumbling blocks on the way of the players. This will assist the users to be attentive and make informed decisions related to business. Specialists have also laid their focus on the upcoming business prospects.
Reasons to Buy This Report
1. This report will help the readers to understand the competition within the industries and strategies for the competitive environment to enhance the potential profit. The report also focuses on the competitive landscape of the global BPADA market, and introduces in detail the market share, industry ranking, competitor ecosystem, market performance, new product development, operation situation, expansion, and acquisition. etc. of the main players, which helps the readers to identify the main competitors and deeply understand the competition pattern of the market.
2. This report will help stakeholders to understand the global industry status and trends of BPADA and provides them with information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.
3. This report will help stakeholders to understand competitors better and gain more insights to strengthen their position in their businesses. The competitive landscape section includes the market share and rank (in volume and value), competitor ecosystem, new product development, expansion, and acquisition.
4. This report stays updated with novel technology integration, features, and the latest developments in the market
5. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into which regions to target globally
6. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into the end-user perception concerning the adoption of BPADA.
7. This report helps stakeholders to identify some of the key players in the market and understand their valuable contribution.
Chapter Outline
Chapter 1: Research objectives, research methods, data sources, data cross-validation;
Chapter 2: Introduces the report scope of the report, executive summary of different market segments (by region, product type, application, etc), including the market size of each market segment, future development potential, and so on. It offers a high-level view of the current state of the market and its likely evolution in the short to mid-term, and long term.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of BPADA manufacturers competitive landscape, price, production and value market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product production/output, value, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 5: Production/output, value of BPADA by region/country. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region in the next six years.
Chapter 6: Consumption of BPADA in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space, and production of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 8: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 9: Analysis of industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry.
Chapter 10: Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 11: The main points and conclusions of the report.
Chapter 11: The main points and conclusions of the report.
According to APO Research, The global BPADA market was valued at US$ million in 2023 and is anticipated to reach US$ million by 2030, witnessing a CAGR of xx% during the forecast period 2024-2030.
North America is the largest producer of BPADA, with a market share about 75%. SABIC, GuChuang New Chemical Materials and Shanghai Plastics Research Institute are the key manufacturers of industry, and SABIC had nearly 100% market share.
Report Scope
This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for BPADA, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding BPADA.
The report will help the BPADA manufacturers, new entrants, and industry chain related companies in this market with information on the revenues, sales volume, and average price for the overall market and the sub-segments across the different segments, by company, by Type, by Application, and by regions.
The BPADA market size, estimations, and forecasts are provided in terms of sales volume (MT) and revenue ($ millions), considering 2023 as the base year, with history and forecast data for the period from 2019 to 2030. This report segments the global BPADA market comprehensively. Regional market sizes, concerning products by Type, by Application, and by players, are also provided. For a more in-depth understanding of the market, the report provides profiles of the competitive landscape, key competitors, and their respective market ranks. The report also discusses technological trends and new product developments.
Key Companies & Market Share Insights
In this section, the readers will gain an understanding of the key players competing. This report has studied the key growth strategies, such as innovative trends and developments, intensification of product portfolio, mergers and acquisitions, collaborations, new product innovation, and geographical expansion, undertaken by these participants to maintain their presence. Apart from business strategies, the study includes current developments and key financials. The readers will also get access to the data related to global revenue, price, and sales by manufacturers for the period 2019-2024. This all-inclusive report will certainly serve the clients to stay updated and make effective decisions in their businesses. Some of the prominent players reviewed in the research report include:
- SABIC
- GuChuang New Chemical Materials
- Shanghai Plastics Research Institute
- Below 99.0%
- Above 99.0%
- Polyetherimide
- Others
- North America
- U.S.
- Canada
- Europe
- Germany
- France
- U.K.
- Italy
- Russia
- Asia-Pacific
- China
- Japan
- South Korea
- India
- Australia
- China Taiwan
- Indonesia
- Thailand
- Malaysia
- Latin America
- Mexico
- Brazil
- Argentina
- Middle East & Africa
- Turkey
- Saudi Arabia
- UAE
High-impact rendering factors and drivers have been studied in this report to aid the readers to understand the general development. Moreover, the report includes restraints and challenges that may act as stumbling blocks on the way of the players. This will assist the users to be attentive and make informed decisions related to business. Specialists have also laid their focus on the upcoming business prospects.
Reasons to Buy This Report
1. This report will help the readers to understand the competition within the industries and strategies for the competitive environment to enhance the potential profit. The report also focuses on the competitive landscape of the global BPADA market, and introduces in detail the market share, industry ranking, competitor ecosystem, market performance, new product development, operation situation, expansion, and acquisition. etc. of the main players, which helps the readers to identify the main competitors and deeply understand the competition pattern of the market.
2. This report will help stakeholders to understand the global industry status and trends of BPADA and provides them with information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.
3. This report will help stakeholders to understand competitors better and gain more insights to strengthen their position in their businesses. The competitive landscape section includes the market share and rank (in volume and value), competitor ecosystem, new product development, expansion, and acquisition.
4. This report stays updated with novel technology integration, features, and the latest developments in the market
5. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into which regions to target globally
6. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into the end-user perception concerning the adoption of BPADA.
7. This report helps stakeholders to identify some of the key players in the market and understand their valuable contribution.
Chapter Outline
Chapter 1: Research objectives, research methods, data sources, data cross-validation;
Chapter 2: Introduces the report scope of the report, executive summary of different market segments (by region, product type, application, etc), including the market size of each market segment, future development potential, and so on. It offers a high-level view of the current state of the market and its likely evolution in the short to mid-term, and long term.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of BPADA manufacturers competitive landscape, price, production and value market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product production/output, value, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 5: Production/output, value of BPADA by region/country. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region in the next six years.
Chapter 6: Consumption of BPADA in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space, and production of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 8: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 9: Analysis of industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry.
Chapter 10: Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 11: The main points and conclusions of the report.
Chapter 11: The main points and conclusions of the report.
1 PREFACE
1.1 Scope of Report
1.2 Reasons for Doing This Study
1.3 Research Methodology
1.4 Research Process
1.5 Data Source
1.5.1 Secondary Sources
1.5.2 Primary Sources
2 MARKET OVERVIEW
2.1 Product Definition
2.2 BPADA by Type
2.2.1 Market Value Comparison by Type (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030) & (US$ Million)
2.2.2 Below 99.0%
2.2.3 Above 99.0%
2.3 BPADA by Application
2.3.1 Market Value Comparison by Application (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030) & (US$ Million)
2.3.2 Polyetherimide
2.3.3 Others
2.4 Global Market Growth Prospects
2.4.1 Global BPADA Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
2.4.2 Global BPADA Production Capacity Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
2.4.3 Global BPADA Production Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
2.4.4 Global BPADA Market Average Price (2019-2030)
3 MARKET COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE BY MANUFACTURERS
3.1 Global BPADA Production by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
3.2 Global BPADA Production Value by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
3.3 Global BPADA Average Price by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
3.4 Global BPADA Industry Manufacturers Ranking, 2022 VS 2023 VS 2024
3.5 Global BPADA Key Manufacturers, Manufacturing Sites & Headquarters
3.6 Global BPADA Manufacturers, Product Type & Application
3.7 Global BPADA Manufacturers, Date of Enter into This Industry
3.8 Global BPADA Market CR5 and HHI
3.9 Global Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisition
4 MANUFACTURERS PROFILED
4.1 SABIC
4.1.1 SABIC BPADA Company Information
4.1.2 SABIC BPADA Business Overview
4.1.3 SABIC BPADA Production Capacity, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
4.1.4 SABIC Product Portfolio
4.1.5 SABIC Recent Developments
4.2 GuChuang New Chemical Materials
4.2.1 GuChuang New Chemical Materials BPADA Company Information
4.2.2 GuChuang New Chemical Materials BPADA Business Overview
4.2.3 GuChuang New Chemical Materials BPADA Production Capacity, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
4.2.4 GuChuang New Chemical Materials Product Portfolio
4.2.5 GuChuang New Chemical Materials Recent Developments
4.3 Shanghai Plastics Research Institute
4.3.1 Shanghai Plastics Research Institute BPADA Company Information
4.3.2 Shanghai Plastics Research Institute BPADA Business Overview
4.3.3 Shanghai Plastics Research Institute BPADA Production Capacity, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
4.3.4 Shanghai Plastics Research Institute Product Portfolio
4.3.5 Shanghai Plastics Research Institute Recent Developments
5 GLOBAL BPADA PRODUCTION BY REGION
5.1 Global BPADA Production Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
5.2 Global BPADA Production by Region: 2019-2030
5.2.1 Global BPADA Production by Region: 2019-2024
5.2.2 Global BPADA Production Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
5.3 Global BPADA Production Value Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
5.4 Global BPADA Production Value by Region: 2019-2030
5.4.1 Global BPADA Production Value by Region: 2019-2024
5.4.2 Global BPADA Production Value Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
5.5 Global BPADA Market Price Analysis by Region (2019-2024)
5.6 Global BPADA Production and Value, YOY Growth
5.6.1 North America BPADA Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
5.6.2 Europe BPADA Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
5.6.3 China BPADA Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
6 GLOBAL BPADA CONSUMPTION BY REGION
6.1 Global BPADA Consumption Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
6.2 Global BPADA Consumption by Region (2019-2030)
6.2.1 Global BPADA Consumption by Region: 2019-2030
6.2.2 Global BPADA Forecasted Consumption by Region (2025-2030)
6.3 North America
6.3.1 North America BPADA Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
6.3.2 North America BPADA Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
6.3.3 U.S.
6.3.4 Canada
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 Europe BPADA Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
6.4.2 Europe BPADA Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
6.4.3 Germany
6.4.4 France
6.4.5 U.K.
6.4.6 Italy
6.4.7 Russia
6.5 Asia Pacific
6.5.1 Asia Pacific BPADA Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
6.5.2 Asia Pacific BPADA Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
6.5.3 China
6.5.4 Japan
6.5.5 South Korea
6.5.6 China Taiwan
6.5.7 Southeast Asia
6.5.8 India
6.5.9 Australia
6.6 Latin America, Middle East & Africa
6.6.1 Latin America, Middle East & Africa BPADA Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
6.6.2 Latin America, Middle East & Africa BPADA Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
6.6.3 Mexico
6.6.4 Brazil
6.6.5 Turkey
6.6.5 GCC Countries
7 SEGMENT BY TYPE
7.1 Global BPADA Production by Type (2019-2030)
7.1.1 Global BPADA Production by Type (2019-2030) & (MT)
7.1.2 Global BPADA Production Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
7.2 Global BPADA Production Value by Type (2019-2030)
7.2.1 Global BPADA Production Value by Type (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
7.2.2 Global BPADA Production Value Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
7.3 Global BPADA Price by Type (2019-2030)
8 SEGMENT BY APPLICATION
8.1 Global BPADA Production by Application (2019-2030)
8.1.1 Global BPADA Production by Application (2019-2030) & (MT)
8.1.2 Global BPADA Production by Application (2019-2030) & (MT)
8.2 Global BPADA Production Value by Application (2019-2030)
8.2.1 Global BPADA Production Value by Application (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
8.2.2 Global BPADA Production Value Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
8.3 Global BPADA Price by Application (2019-2030)
9 VALUE CHAIN AND SALES CHANNELS ANALYSIS OF THE MARKET
9.1 BPADA Value Chain Analysis
9.1.1 BPADA Key Raw Materials
9.1.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
9.1.3 BPADA Production Mode & Process
9.2 BPADA Sales Channels Analysis
9.2.1 Direct Comparison with Distribution Share
9.2.2 BPADA Distributors
9.2.3 BPADA Customers
10 GLOBAL BPADA ANALYZING MARKET DYNAMICS
10.1 BPADA Industry Trends
10.2 BPADA Industry Drivers
10.3 BPADA Industry Opportunities and Challenges
10.4 BPADA Industry Restraints
11 REPORT CONCLUSION
12 DISCLAIMER
1.1 Scope of Report
1.2 Reasons for Doing This Study
1.3 Research Methodology
1.4 Research Process
1.5 Data Source
1.5.1 Secondary Sources
1.5.2 Primary Sources
2 MARKET OVERVIEW
2.1 Product Definition
2.2 BPADA by Type
2.2.1 Market Value Comparison by Type (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030) & (US$ Million)
2.2.2 Below 99.0%
2.2.3 Above 99.0%
2.3 BPADA by Application
2.3.1 Market Value Comparison by Application (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030) & (US$ Million)
2.3.2 Polyetherimide
2.3.3 Others
2.4 Global Market Growth Prospects
2.4.1 Global BPADA Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
2.4.2 Global BPADA Production Capacity Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
2.4.3 Global BPADA Production Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
2.4.4 Global BPADA Market Average Price (2019-2030)
3 MARKET COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE BY MANUFACTURERS
3.1 Global BPADA Production by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
3.2 Global BPADA Production Value by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
3.3 Global BPADA Average Price by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
3.4 Global BPADA Industry Manufacturers Ranking, 2022 VS 2023 VS 2024
3.5 Global BPADA Key Manufacturers, Manufacturing Sites & Headquarters
3.6 Global BPADA Manufacturers, Product Type & Application
3.7 Global BPADA Manufacturers, Date of Enter into This Industry
3.8 Global BPADA Market CR5 and HHI
3.9 Global Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisition
4 MANUFACTURERS PROFILED
4.1 SABIC
4.1.1 SABIC BPADA Company Information
4.1.2 SABIC BPADA Business Overview
4.1.3 SABIC BPADA Production Capacity, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
4.1.4 SABIC Product Portfolio
4.1.5 SABIC Recent Developments
4.2 GuChuang New Chemical Materials
4.2.1 GuChuang New Chemical Materials BPADA Company Information
4.2.2 GuChuang New Chemical Materials BPADA Business Overview
4.2.3 GuChuang New Chemical Materials BPADA Production Capacity, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
4.2.4 GuChuang New Chemical Materials Product Portfolio
4.2.5 GuChuang New Chemical Materials Recent Developments
4.3 Shanghai Plastics Research Institute
4.3.1 Shanghai Plastics Research Institute BPADA Company Information
4.3.2 Shanghai Plastics Research Institute BPADA Business Overview
4.3.3 Shanghai Plastics Research Institute BPADA Production Capacity, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
4.3.4 Shanghai Plastics Research Institute Product Portfolio
4.3.5 Shanghai Plastics Research Institute Recent Developments
5 GLOBAL BPADA PRODUCTION BY REGION
5.1 Global BPADA Production Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
5.2 Global BPADA Production by Region: 2019-2030
5.2.1 Global BPADA Production by Region: 2019-2024
5.2.2 Global BPADA Production Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
5.3 Global BPADA Production Value Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
5.4 Global BPADA Production Value by Region: 2019-2030
5.4.1 Global BPADA Production Value by Region: 2019-2024
5.4.2 Global BPADA Production Value Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
5.5 Global BPADA Market Price Analysis by Region (2019-2024)
5.6 Global BPADA Production and Value, YOY Growth
5.6.1 North America BPADA Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
5.6.2 Europe BPADA Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
5.6.3 China BPADA Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
6 GLOBAL BPADA CONSUMPTION BY REGION
6.1 Global BPADA Consumption Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
6.2 Global BPADA Consumption by Region (2019-2030)
6.2.1 Global BPADA Consumption by Region: 2019-2030
6.2.2 Global BPADA Forecasted Consumption by Region (2025-2030)
6.3 North America
6.3.1 North America BPADA Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
6.3.2 North America BPADA Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
6.3.3 U.S.
6.3.4 Canada
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 Europe BPADA Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
6.4.2 Europe BPADA Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
6.4.3 Germany
6.4.4 France
6.4.5 U.K.
6.4.6 Italy
6.4.7 Russia
6.5 Asia Pacific
6.5.1 Asia Pacific BPADA Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
6.5.2 Asia Pacific BPADA Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
6.5.3 China
6.5.4 Japan
6.5.5 South Korea
6.5.6 China Taiwan
6.5.7 Southeast Asia
6.5.8 India
6.5.9 Australia
6.6 Latin America, Middle East & Africa
6.6.1 Latin America, Middle East & Africa BPADA Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
6.6.2 Latin America, Middle East & Africa BPADA Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
6.6.3 Mexico
6.6.4 Brazil
6.6.5 Turkey
6.6.5 GCC Countries
7 SEGMENT BY TYPE
7.1 Global BPADA Production by Type (2019-2030)
7.1.1 Global BPADA Production by Type (2019-2030) & (MT)
7.1.2 Global BPADA Production Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
7.2 Global BPADA Production Value by Type (2019-2030)
7.2.1 Global BPADA Production Value by Type (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
7.2.2 Global BPADA Production Value Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
7.3 Global BPADA Price by Type (2019-2030)
8 SEGMENT BY APPLICATION
8.1 Global BPADA Production by Application (2019-2030)
8.1.1 Global BPADA Production by Application (2019-2030) & (MT)
8.1.2 Global BPADA Production by Application (2019-2030) & (MT)
8.2 Global BPADA Production Value by Application (2019-2030)
8.2.1 Global BPADA Production Value by Application (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
8.2.2 Global BPADA Production Value Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
8.3 Global BPADA Price by Application (2019-2030)
9 VALUE CHAIN AND SALES CHANNELS ANALYSIS OF THE MARKET
9.1 BPADA Value Chain Analysis
9.1.1 BPADA Key Raw Materials
9.1.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
9.1.3 BPADA Production Mode & Process
9.2 BPADA Sales Channels Analysis
9.2.1 Direct Comparison with Distribution Share
9.2.2 BPADA Distributors
9.2.3 BPADA Customers
10 GLOBAL BPADA ANALYZING MARKET DYNAMICS
10.1 BPADA Industry Trends
10.2 BPADA Industry Drivers
10.3 BPADA Industry Opportunities and Challenges
10.4 BPADA Industry Restraints
11 REPORT CONCLUSION
12 DISCLAIMER
