Global Ultra High Purity Gas Market Research Report 2012-2024
SUMMARY
The global Ultra High Purity Gas market will reach xxx Million USD in 2019 with CAGR xx% 2019-2024. The objective of report is to define, segment, and project the market on the basis of product type, application, and region, and to describe the content about the factors influencing market dynamics, policy, economic, technology and market entry etc.
Based on products type, the report describes major products type share of regional market. Products mentioned as follows:
The global Ultra High Purity Gas market will reach xxx Million USD in 2019 with CAGR xx% 2019-2024. The objective of report is to define, segment, and project the market on the basis of product type, application, and region, and to describe the content about the factors influencing market dynamics, policy, economic, technology and market entry etc.
Based on products type, the report describes major products type share of regional market. Products mentioned as follows:
- Argon
- Nitrogen
- Ammonia
- Others
- Praxair Inc.
- Airgas Inc.
- The Linde Group
- Air Liquide S.A.
- Air Products and Chemicals Inc.
- Iwatani Corporation
- Messer Group
- Iceblick Ltd.
- Matheson Tri-Gas Inc.
- Advanced Specialty Gases Inc.
- Chenhongteqi
- BYGASES
- Electronics
- Analysis Instrument
- Others
- Asia-Pacific
- North America
- Europe
- South America
- Middle East & Africa
1 MARKET OVERVIEW
1.1 Objectives of Research
1.1.1 Definition
1.1.2 Specifications
1.2 Market Segment
1.2.1 by Type
1.2.1.1 Argon
1.2.1.2 Nitrogen
1.2.1.3 Ammonia
1.2.1.4 Others
1.2.2 by Application
1.2.2.1 Electronics
1.2.2.2 Analysis Instrument
1.2.2.3 Others
1.2.3 by Regions
2 INDUSTRY CHAIN
2.1 Industry Chain Structure
2.2 Upstream
2.3 Market
2.3.1 SWOT
2.3.2 Dynamics
3 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
3.1 Policy
3.2 Economic
3.3 Technology
3.4 Market Entry
4 MARKET SEGMENTATION BY TYPE
4.1 Market Size
4.1.1 Argon Market, 2013-2018
4.1.2 Nitrogen Market, 2013-2018
4.1.3 Ammonia Market, 2013-2018
4.1.4 Others Market, 2013-2018
4.2 Market Forecast
4.2.1 Argon Market Forecast, 2019-2024
4.2.2 Nitrogen Market Forecast, 2019-2024
4.2.3 Ammonia Market Forecast, 2019-2024
4.2.4 Others Market Forecast, 2019-2024
5 MARKET SEGMENTATION BY APPLICATION
5.1 Market Size
5.1.1 Electronics Market, 2013-2018
5.1.2 Analysis Instrument Market, 2013-2018
5.1.3 Others Market, 2013-2018
5.2 Market Forecast
5.2.1 Electronics Market Forecast, 2019-2024
5.2.2 Analysis Instrument Market Forecast, 2019-2024
5.2.3 Others Market Forecast, 2019-2024
6 MARKET SEGMENTATION BY REGION
6.1 Market Size
6.1.1 Asia-Pacific
6.1.1.1 Asia-Pacific Market, 2012-2018
6.1.1.2 Asia-Pacific Market by Type
6.1.1.3 Asia-Pacific Market by Application
6.1.2 North America
6.1.2.1 North America Market, 2012-2018
6.1.2.2 North America Market by Type
6.1.2.3 North America Market by Application
6.1.3 Europe
6.1.3.1 Europe Market, 2012-2018
6.1.3.2 Europe Market by Type
6.1.3.3 Europe Market by Application
6.1.4 South America
6.1.4.1 South America Market, 2012-2018
6.1.4.2 South America Market by Type
6.1.4.3 South America Market by Application
6.1.5 Middle East & Africa
6.1.5.1 Middle East & Africa Market, 2012-2018
6.1.5.2 Middle East & Africa Market by Type
6.1.5.3 Middle East & Africa Market by Application
6.2 Market Forecast
6.2.1 Asia-Pacific Market Forecast, 2019-2024
6.2.2 North America Market Forecast, 2019-2024
6.2.3 Europe Market Forecast, 2019-2024
6.2.4 South America Market Forecast, 2019-2024
6.2.5 Middle East & Africa Market Forecast, 2019-2024
7 MARKET COMPETITIVE
7.1 Global Market by Vendors
7.2 Market Concentration
7.3 Price & Factors
7.4 Marketing Channel
8 MAJOR VENDORS
8.1 Praxair Inc.
8.2 Airgas Inc.
8.3 The Linde Group
8.4 Air Liquide S.A.
8.5 Air Products and Chemicals Inc.
8.6 Iwatani Corporation
8.7 Messer Group
8.8 Iceblick Ltd.
8.9 Matheson Tri-Gas Inc.
8.10 Advanced Specialty Gases Inc.
8.11 Chenhongteqi
8.12 BYGASES
9 CONCLUSION
1.1 Objectives of Research
1.1.1 Definition
1.1.2 Specifications
1.2 Market Segment
1.2.1 by Type
1.2.1.1 Argon
1.2.1.2 Nitrogen
1.2.1.3 Ammonia
1.2.1.4 Others
1.2.2 by Application
1.2.2.1 Electronics
1.2.2.2 Analysis Instrument
1.2.2.3 Others
1.2.3 by Regions
2 INDUSTRY CHAIN
2.1 Industry Chain Structure
2.2 Upstream
2.3 Market
2.3.1 SWOT
2.3.2 Dynamics
3 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
3.1 Policy
3.2 Economic
3.3 Technology
3.4 Market Entry
4 MARKET SEGMENTATION BY TYPE
4.1 Market Size
4.1.1 Argon Market, 2013-2018
4.1.2 Nitrogen Market, 2013-2018
4.1.3 Ammonia Market, 2013-2018
4.1.4 Others Market, 2013-2018
4.2 Market Forecast
4.2.1 Argon Market Forecast, 2019-2024
4.2.2 Nitrogen Market Forecast, 2019-2024
4.2.3 Ammonia Market Forecast, 2019-2024
4.2.4 Others Market Forecast, 2019-2024
5 MARKET SEGMENTATION BY APPLICATION
5.1 Market Size
5.1.1 Electronics Market, 2013-2018
5.1.2 Analysis Instrument Market, 2013-2018
5.1.3 Others Market, 2013-2018
5.2 Market Forecast
5.2.1 Electronics Market Forecast, 2019-2024
5.2.2 Analysis Instrument Market Forecast, 2019-2024
5.2.3 Others Market Forecast, 2019-2024
6 MARKET SEGMENTATION BY REGION
6.1 Market Size
6.1.1 Asia-Pacific
6.1.1.1 Asia-Pacific Market, 2012-2018
6.1.1.2 Asia-Pacific Market by Type
6.1.1.3 Asia-Pacific Market by Application
6.1.2 North America
6.1.2.1 North America Market, 2012-2018
6.1.2.2 North America Market by Type
6.1.2.3 North America Market by Application
6.1.3 Europe
6.1.3.1 Europe Market, 2012-2018
6.1.3.2 Europe Market by Type
6.1.3.3 Europe Market by Application
6.1.4 South America
6.1.4.1 South America Market, 2012-2018
6.1.4.2 South America Market by Type
6.1.4.3 South America Market by Application
6.1.5 Middle East & Africa
6.1.5.1 Middle East & Africa Market, 2012-2018
6.1.5.2 Middle East & Africa Market by Type
6.1.5.3 Middle East & Africa Market by Application
6.2 Market Forecast
6.2.1 Asia-Pacific Market Forecast, 2019-2024
6.2.2 North America Market Forecast, 2019-2024
6.2.3 Europe Market Forecast, 2019-2024
6.2.4 South America Market Forecast, 2019-2024
6.2.5 Middle East & Africa Market Forecast, 2019-2024
7 MARKET COMPETITIVE
7.1 Global Market by Vendors
7.2 Market Concentration
7.3 Price & Factors
7.4 Marketing Channel
8 MAJOR VENDORS
8.1 Praxair Inc.
8.2 Airgas Inc.
8.3 The Linde Group
8.4 Air Liquide S.A.
8.5 Air Products and Chemicals Inc.
8.6 Iwatani Corporation
8.7 Messer Group
8.8 Iceblick Ltd.
8.9 Matheson Tri-Gas Inc.
8.10 Advanced Specialty Gases Inc.
8.11 Chenhongteqi
8.12 BYGASES
9 CONCLUSION
LIST OF TABLES
Table Product Specifications of Ultra High Purity Gas
Table Products Segment of Ultra High Purity Gas
Table Argon Overview
Table Nitrogen Overview
Table Ammonia Overview
Table Others Overview
Table Global Ultra High Purity Gas Market by Type, 2011-2022 (USD Million)
Table Application Segment of Ultra High Purity Gas
Table Electronics Overview
Table Analysis Instrument Overview
Table Others Overview
Table Global Ultra High Purity Gas Market by Application, 2011-2022 (USD Million)
Table Global Ultra High Purity Gas Market by Region, 2011-2022 (USD Million)
Table Cost of Ultra High Purity Gas
Table Market Dynamics
Table Policy of Ultra High Purity Gas
Table GDP of Major Countries
Table Argon CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2018
Table Nitrogen CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2018
Table Ammonia CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2018
Table Others CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2018
Table Argon CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2024
Table Nitrogen CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2024
Table Ammonia CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2024
Table Others CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2024
Table Electronics CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2018
Table Analysis Instrument CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2018
Table Others CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2018
Table Global Ultra High Purity Gas Market by Vendors, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Table Global Ultra High Purity Gas Market by Vendors, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Table Global Ultra High Purity Gas Market Share by Vendors, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Table Global Ultra High Purity Gas Market Share by Vendors, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Table Price Factors List
Table Praxair Inc. Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Praxair Inc. (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Airgas Inc. Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Airgas Inc. (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table The Linde Group Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of The Linde Group (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Air Liquide S.A. Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Air Liquide S.A. (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Air Products and Chemicals Inc. Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Air Products and Chemicals Inc. (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Iwatani Corporation Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Iwatani Corporation (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Messer Group Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Messer Group (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Iceblick Ltd. Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Iceblick Ltd. (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Matheson Tri-Gas Inc. Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Matheson Tri-Gas Inc. (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Advanced Specialty Gases Inc. Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Advanced Specialty Gases Inc. (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Chenhongteqi Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Chenhongteqi (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table BYGASES Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of BYGASES (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Product Specifications of Ultra High Purity Gas
Table Products Segment of Ultra High Purity Gas
Table Argon Overview
Table Nitrogen Overview
Table Ammonia Overview
Table Others Overview
Table Global Ultra High Purity Gas Market by Type, 2011-2022 (USD Million)
Table Application Segment of Ultra High Purity Gas
Table Electronics Overview
Table Analysis Instrument Overview
Table Others Overview
Table Global Ultra High Purity Gas Market by Application, 2011-2022 (USD Million)
Table Global Ultra High Purity Gas Market by Region, 2011-2022 (USD Million)
Table Cost of Ultra High Purity Gas
Table Market Dynamics
Table Policy of Ultra High Purity Gas
Table GDP of Major Countries
Table Argon CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2018
Table Nitrogen CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2018
Table Ammonia CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2018
Table Others CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2018
Table Argon CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2024
Table Nitrogen CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2024
Table Ammonia CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2024
Table Others CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2024
Table Electronics CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2018
Table Analysis Instrument CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2018
Table Others CAGR by Revenue and Volume, 2012-2018
Table Global Ultra High Purity Gas Market by Vendors, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Table Global Ultra High Purity Gas Market by Vendors, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Table Global Ultra High Purity Gas Market Share by Vendors, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Table Global Ultra High Purity Gas Market Share by Vendors, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Table Price Factors List
Table Praxair Inc. Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Praxair Inc. (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Airgas Inc. Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Airgas Inc. (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table The Linde Group Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of The Linde Group (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Air Liquide S.A. Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Air Liquide S.A. (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Air Products and Chemicals Inc. Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Air Products and Chemicals Inc. (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Iwatani Corporation Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Iwatani Corporation (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Messer Group Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Messer Group (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Iceblick Ltd. Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Iceblick Ltd. (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Matheson Tri-Gas Inc. Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Matheson Tri-Gas Inc. (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Advanced Specialty Gases Inc. Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Advanced Specialty Gases Inc. (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Chenhongteqi Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of Chenhongteqi (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table BYGASES Profile List
Table Microecological Modulator Operating Data of BYGASES (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Ultra High Purity Gas Picture
Figure Industry Chain Structure of Ultra High Purity Gas
Figure SWOT of Ultra High Purity Gas
Figure Argon Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Argon Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Nitrogen Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Nitrogen Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Ammonia Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Ammonia Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Others Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Others Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Argon Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (USD Million)
Figure Argon Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (in Volume)
Figure Nitrogen Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (USD Million)
Figure Nitrogen Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (in Volume)
Figure Ammonia Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (USD Million)
Figure Ammonia Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (in Volume)
Figure Others Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (USD Million)
Figure Others Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (in Volume)
Figure Electronics Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Analysis Instrument Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Others Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Size by Type
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Share by Type
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Size by Application
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Share by Application
Figure North America Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure North America Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure North America Market Size by Type
Figure North America Market Share by Type
Figure North America Market Size by Application
Figure North America Market Share by Application
Figure Europe Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Europe Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Europe Market Size by Type
Figure Europe Market Share by Type
Figure Europe Market Size by Application
Figure Europe Market Share by Application
Figure South America Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure South America Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure South America Market Size by Type
Figure South America Market Share by Type
Figure South America Market Size by Application
Figure South America Market Share by Application
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Size by Type
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Share by Type
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Size by Application
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Share by Application
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (USD Million)
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (in Volume)
Figure North America Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (USD Million)
Figure North America Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (in Volume)
Figure Europe Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (USD Million)
Figure Europe Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (in Volume)
Figure South America Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (USD Million)
Figure South America Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (in Volume)
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (USD Million)
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (in Volume)
Figure Ultra High Purity Gas Market Concentration by Region
Figure Marketing Channels Overview
Figure Ultra High Purity Gas Picture
Figure Industry Chain Structure of Ultra High Purity Gas
Figure SWOT of Ultra High Purity Gas
Figure Argon Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Argon Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Nitrogen Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Nitrogen Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Ammonia Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Ammonia Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Others Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Others Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Argon Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (USD Million)
Figure Argon Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (in Volume)
Figure Nitrogen Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (USD Million)
Figure Nitrogen Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (in Volume)
Figure Ammonia Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (USD Million)
Figure Ammonia Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (in Volume)
Figure Others Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (USD Million)
Figure Others Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (in Volume)
Figure Electronics Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Analysis Instrument Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Others Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Size by Type
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Share by Type
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Size by Application
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Share by Application
Figure North America Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure North America Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure North America Market Size by Type
Figure North America Market Share by Type
Figure North America Market Size by Application
Figure North America Market Share by Application
Figure Europe Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Europe Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Europe Market Size by Type
Figure Europe Market Share by Type
Figure Europe Market Size by Application
Figure Europe Market Share by Application
Figure South America Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure South America Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure South America Market Size by Type
Figure South America Market Share by Type
Figure South America Market Size by Application
Figure South America Market Share by Application
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (USD Million)
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Size and Growth, 2012-2018 (in Volume)
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Size by Type
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Share by Type
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Size by Application
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Share by Application
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (USD Million)
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (in Volume)
Figure North America Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (USD Million)
Figure North America Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (in Volume)
Figure Europe Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (USD Million)
Figure Europe Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (in Volume)
Figure South America Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (USD Million)
Figure South America Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (in Volume)
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (USD Million)
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2019-2024 (in Volume)
Figure Ultra High Purity Gas Market Concentration by Region
Figure Marketing Channels Overview
