Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales Market Report 2016

September 2016 | 120 pages | ID: G2A4B482560EN
QYResearch

Abstracts

Notes:

Sales, means the sales volume of Ultra Deep Well Casing

Revenue, means the sales value of Ultra Deep Well Casing

This report studies sales (consumption) of Ultra Deep Well Casing in Global market, especially in USA, China, Europe, Japan, India and Southeast Asia, focuses on top players in these regions/countries, with sales, price, revenue and market share for each player in these regions, covering

• Vallourec
• Tenaris
• TMK
• USS
• NSSMC
• JFE
• TPCO
• Arcelor Mittal
• Chelyabinsk Pipe
• Evraz

Market Segment by Regions, this report splits Global into several key Regions, with sales (consumption), revenue, market share and growth rate of Ultra Deep Well Casing in these regions, from 2011 to 2021 (forecast), like

• USA
• China
• Europe
• Japan
• India
• Southeast Asia

Split by product Types, with sales, revenue, price and gross margin, market share and growth rate of each type, can be divided into

• Type I
• Type II
• Type III

Split by applications, this report focuses on sales, market share and growth rate of Ultra Deep Well Casing in each application, can be divided into

• Application 1
• Application 2
• Application 3

Contents

Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales Market Report 2016

1 ULTRA DEEP WELL CASING OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Ultra Deep Well Casing
1.2 Classification of Ultra Deep Well Casing
  1.2.1 Type I
  1.2.2 Type II
  1.2.3 Type III
1.3 Application of Ultra Deep Well Casing
  1.3.1 Application
  1.3.2 Application
  1.3.3 Application
1.4 Ultra Deep Well Casing Market by Regions
  1.4.1 USA Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.2 China Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.3 Europe Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.4 Japan Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.5 India Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.6 Southeast Asia Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.5 Global Market Size (Value and Volume) of Ultra Deep Well Casing (2011-2021)
  1.5.1 Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
  1.5.2 Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)

2 GLOBAL ULTRA DEEP WELL CASING COMPETITION BY MANUFACTURERS, TYPE AND APPLICATION

2.1 Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Market Competition by Manufacturers
  2.1.1 Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Market Share of Key Manufacturers (2011-2016)
  2.1.2 Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
2.2 Global Ultra Deep Well Casing (Volume and Value) by Type
  2.2.1 Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
  2.2.2 Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Revenue and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
2.3 Global Ultra Deep Well Casing (Volume and Value) by Regions
  2.3.1 Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
  2.3.2 Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
2.4 Global Ultra Deep Well Casing (Volume) by Application

3 USA ULTRA DEEP WELL CASING (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

3.1 USA Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  3.1.1 USA Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  3.1.2 USA Ultra Deep Well Casing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  3.1.3 USA Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
3.2 USA Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
3.3 USA Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Market Share by Type
3.4 USA Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Market Share by Application

4 CHINA ULTRA DEEP WELL CASING (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

4.1 China Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  4.1.1 China Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  4.1.2 China Ultra Deep Well Casing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  4.1.3 China Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
4.2 China Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
4.3 China Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Market Share by Type
4.4 China Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Market Share by Application

5 EUROPE ULTRA DEEP WELL CASING (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

5.1 Europe Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  5.1.1 Europe Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  5.1.2 Europe Ultra Deep Well Casing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  5.1.3 Europe Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
5.2 Europe Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
5.3 Europe Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Market Share by Type
5.4 Europe Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Market Share by Application

6 JAPAN ULTRA DEEP WELL CASING (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

6.1 Japan Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  6.1.1 Japan Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  6.1.2 Japan Ultra Deep Well Casing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  6.1.3 Japan Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
6.2 Japan Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
6.3 Japan Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Market Share by Type
6.4 Japan Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Market Share by Application

7 INDIA ULTRA DEEP WELL CASING (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

7.1 India Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  7.1.1 India Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  7.1.2 India Ultra Deep Well Casing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  7.1.3 India Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
7.2 India Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
7.3 India Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Market Share by Type
7.4 India Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Market Share by Application

8 SOUTHEAST ASIA ULTRA DEEP WELL CASING (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

8.1 Southeast Asia Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  8.1.1 Southeast Asia Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  8.1.2 Southeast Asia Ultra Deep Well Casing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  8.1.3 Southeast Asia Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
8.2 Southeast Asia Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
8.3 Southeast Asia Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Market Share by Type
8.4 Southeast Asia Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Market Share by Application

9 GLOBAL ULTRA DEEP WELL CASING MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS

9.1 Vallourec
  9.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  9.1.2 Ultra Deep Well Casing Product Type, Application and Specification
    9.1.2.1 Type I
    9.1.2.2 Type II
  9.1.3 Vallourec Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  9.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
9.2 Tenaris
  9.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  9.2.2 120 Product Type, Application and Specification
    9.2.2.1 Type I
    9.2.2.2 Type II
  9.2.3 Tenaris Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  9.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
9.3 TMK
  9.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  9.3.2 145 Product Type, Application and Specification
    9.3.2.1 Type I
    9.3.2.2 Type II
  9.3.3 TMK Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  9.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
9.4 USS
  9.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  9.4.2 Aug Product Type, Application and Specification
    9.4.2.1 Type I
    9.4.2.2 Type II
  9.4.3 USS Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  9.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
9.5 NSSMC
  9.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  9.5.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
    9.5.2.1 Type I
    9.5.2.2 Type II
  9.5.3 NSSMC Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  9.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
9.6 JFE
  9.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  9.6.2 Million USD Product Type, Application and Specification
    9.6.2.1 Type I
    9.6.2.2 Type II
  9.6.3 JFE Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  9.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
9.7 TPCO
  9.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  9.7.2 Chemical & Material Product Type, Application and Specification
    9.7.2.1 Type I
    9.7.2.2 Type II
  9.7.3 TPCO Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  9.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
9.8 Arcelor Mittal
  9.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  9.8.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
    9.8.2.1 Type I
    9.8.2.2 Type II
  9.8.3 Arcelor Mittal Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  9.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
9.9 Chelyabinsk Pipe
  9.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  9.9.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
    9.9.2.1 Type I
    9.9.2.2 Type II
  9.9.3 Chelyabinsk Pipe Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  9.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
9.10 Evraz
  9.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  9.10.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
    9.10.2.1 Type I
    9.10.2.2 Type II
  9.10.3 Evraz Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  9.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview

10 ULTRA DEEP WELL CASING MAUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

10.1 Ultra Deep Well Casing Key Raw Materials Analysis
  10.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  10.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  10.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  10.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
10.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  10.2.1 Raw Materials
  10.2.2 Labor Cost
  10.2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Ultra Deep Well Casing

11 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

11.1 Ultra Deep Well Casing Industrial Chain Analysis
11.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
11.3 Raw Materials Sources of Ultra Deep Well Casing Major Manufacturers in 2015
11.4 Downstream Buyers

12 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

12.1 Marketing Channel
  12.1.1 Direct Marketing
  12.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  12.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
12.2 Market Positioning
  12.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  12.2.2 Brand Strategy
  12.2.3 Target Client
12.3 Distributors/Traders List

13 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

13.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  13.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  13.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
13.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
13.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

14 GLOBAL ULTRA DEEP WELL CASING MARKET FORECAST (2016-2021)

14.1 Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales, Revenue Forecast (2016-2021)
14.2 Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales Forecast by Regions (2016-2021)
14.3 Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales Forecast by Type (2016-2021)
14.4 Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales Forecast by Application (2016-2021)

15 APPENDIX

Author List
Disclosure Section
Research Methodology
Data Source
China Disclaimer

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Picture of Ultra Deep Well Casing
Table Classification of Ultra Deep Well Casing
Figure Global Sales Market Share of Ultra Deep Well Casing by Type in 2015
Figure Type I Picture
Figure Type II Picture
Table Applications of Ultra Deep Well Casing
Figure Global Sales Market Share of Ultra Deep Well Casing by Application in 2015
Figure Application 1 Examples
Figure Application 2 Examples
Figure USA Ultra Deep Well Casing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure China Ultra Deep Well Casing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Europe Ultra Deep Well Casing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Japan Ultra Deep Well Casing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure India Ultra Deep Well Casing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Southeast Asia Ultra Deep Well Casing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Table Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales of Key Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Figure 2015 Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales Share by Manufacturers
Figure 2016 Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales Share by Manufacturers
Table Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Revenue by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table 2015 Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table 2016 Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales Share by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Ultra Deep Well Casing by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales Growth Rate by Type (2011-2016)
Table Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Revenue and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Revenue Share by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Ultra Deep Well Casing by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Revenue Growth Rate by Type (2011-2016)
Table Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Table Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Ultra Deep Well Casing by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales Growth Rate by Regions (2011-2016)
Table Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Table Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Revenue Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Ultra Deep Well Casing by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Revenue Growth Rate by Regions (2011-2016)
Table Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Table Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales Share by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Ultra Deep Well Casing by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales Growth Rate by Application (2011-2016)
Figure USA Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure USA Ultra Deep Well Casing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure USA Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table USA Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table USA Ultra Deep Well Casing Market Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table USA Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales by Type (2011-2016)
Table USA Ultra Deep Well Casing Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table USA Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales by Application (2011-2016)
Table USA Ultra Deep Well Casing Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Figure China Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure China Ultra Deep Well Casing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure China Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table China Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table China Ultra Deep Well Casing Market Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table China Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales by Type (2011-2016)
Table China Ultra Deep Well Casing Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table China Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales by Application (2011-2016)
Table China Ultra Deep Well Casing Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Europe Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Europe Ultra Deep Well Casing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Europe Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Europe Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table Europe Ultra Deep Well Casing Market Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table Europe Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Ultra Deep Well Casing Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales by Application (2011-2016)
Table Europe Ultra Deep Well Casing Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Japan Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Japan Ultra Deep Well Casing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Japan Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Japan Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table Japan Ultra Deep Well Casing Market Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table Japan Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales by Type (2011-2016)
Table Japan Ultra Deep Well Casing Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Japan Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales by Application (2011-2016)
Table Japan Ultra Deep Well Casing Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Figure India Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure India Ultra Deep Well Casing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure India Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table India Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table India Ultra Deep Well Casing Market Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table India Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales by Type (2011-2016)
Table India Ultra Deep Well Casing Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table India Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales by Application (2011-2016)
Table India Ultra Deep Well Casing Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Southeast Asia Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Southeast Asia Ultra Deep Well Casing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Southeast Asia Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Southeast Asia Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table Southeast Asia Ultra Deep Well Casing Market Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table Southeast Asia Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales by Type (2011-2016)
Table Southeast Asia Ultra Deep Well Casing Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Southeast Asia Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales by Application (2011-2016)
Table Southeast Asia Ultra Deep Well Casing Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Table Vallourec Basic Information List
Table Vallourec Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Vallourec Ultra Deep Well Casing Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Tenaris Basic Information List
Table Tenaris Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Tenaris Ultra Deep Well Casing Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table TMK Basic Information List
Table TMK Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure TMK Ultra Deep Well Casing Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table USS Basic Information List
Table USS Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure USS Ultra Deep Well Casing Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table NSSMC Basic Information List
Table NSSMC Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure NSSMC Ultra Deep Well Casing Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table JFE Basic Information List
Table JFE Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure JFE Ultra Deep Well Casing Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table TPCO Basic Information List
Table TPCO Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure TPCO Ultra Deep Well Casing Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Arcelor Mittal Basic Information List
Table Arcelor Mittal Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Arcelor Mittal Ultra Deep Well Casing Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Chelyabinsk Pipe Basic Information List
Table Chelyabinsk Pipe Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Chelyabinsk Pipe Ultra Deep Well Casing Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Evraz Basic Information List
Table Evraz Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Evraz Ultra Deep Well Casing Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Ultra Deep Well Casing
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Ultra Deep Well Casing
Figure Ultra Deep Well Casing Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Ultra Deep Well Casing Major Manufacturers in 2015
Table Major Buyers of Ultra Deep Well Casing
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Table Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales Forecast by Regions (2016-2021)
Table Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales Forecast by Type (2016-2021)
Table Global Ultra Deep Well Casing Sales Forecast by Application (2016-2021)