Global Permanent Magnet Market Research Report 2017

January 2017 | 126 pages | ID: G65EEC1601BEN
QYResearch

Abstracts

Notes:

Production, means the output of Permanent Magnet

Revenue, means the sales value of Permanent Magnet

This report studies Permanent Magnet in Global market, especially in North America, Europe, China, Japan, Southeast Asia and India, focuses on top manufacturers in global market, with capacity, production, price, revenue and market share for each manufacturer, covering

• Hitachi
• TDK
• Thomas & Skinner
• Lynas
• Shin-Etsu
• Vacuumschmelze
• Tengam Engineering
• JPMF Guangdong
• Molycorp Magnequench
• Ningbo Yunsheng
• Ninggang Permanent Magnetic Materials
• Adams Magnetic Products
• Anhui Earth-Panda Advance Magnetic Material
• Arnold Magnetic Technologies
• Bunting Magnetics
• Daido Steel
• Eclipse Magnetics
• Electron Energy Corporation
• Goudsmit Magnetics Group
• Hangzhou Permanent Magnet Group

Market Segment by Regions, this report splits Global into several key Regions, with production, consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate of Permanent Magnet in these regions, from 2011 to 2021 (forecast), like

• North America
• Europe
• China
• Japan
• Southeast Asia
• India

Split by product type, with production, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type, can be divided into

• Type I
• Type II

Split by application, this report focuses on consumption, market share and growth rate of Permanent Magnet in each application, can be divided into

• Application 1
• Application 2

Contents

Global Permanent Magnet Market Research Report 2017

1 PERMANENT MAGNET MARKET OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Permanent Magnet
1.2 Permanent Magnet Segment by Type
  1.2.1 Global Production Market Share of Permanent Magnet by Type in 2015
  1.2.2 Type I
  1.2.3 Type II
1.3 Permanent Magnet Segment by Application
  1.3.1 Permanent Magnet Consumption Market Share by Application in 2015
  1.3.2 Application
  1.3.3 Application
1.4 Permanent Magnet Market by Region
  1.4.1 North America Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.2 Europe Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.3 China Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.4 Japan Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.5 Southeast Asia Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.6 India Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
1.5 Global Market Size (Value) of Permanent Magnet (2012-2022)

2 GLOBAL PERMANENT MAGNET MARKET COMPETITION BY MANUFACTURERS

2.1 Global Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production and Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.2 Global Permanent Magnet Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.3 Global Permanent Magnet Average Price by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.4 Manufacturers Permanent Magnet Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area and Product Type
2.5 Permanent Magnet Market Competitive Situation and Trends
  2.5.1 Permanent Magnet Market Concentration Rate
  2.5.2 Permanent Magnet Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Manufacturers
  2.5.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

3 GLOBAL PERMANENT MAGNET CAPACITY, PRODUCTION, REVENUE (VALUE) BY REGION (2012-2017)

3.1 Global Permanent Magnet Capacity and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
3.2 Global Permanent Magnet Production and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
3.3 Global Permanent Magnet Revenue (Value) and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
3.4 Global Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
3.5 North America Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
3.6 Europe Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
3.7 China Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
3.8 Japan Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
3.9 Southeast Asia Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
3.10 India Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

4 GLOBAL PERMANENT MAGNET SUPPLY (PRODUCTION), CONSUMPTION, EXPORT, IMPORT BY REGIONS (2012-2017)

4.1 Global Permanent Magnet Consumption by Regions (2012-2017)
4.2 North America Permanent Magnet Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2012-2017)
4.3 Europe Permanent Magnet Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2012-2017)
4.4 China Permanent Magnet Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2012-2017)
4.5 Japan Permanent Magnet Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2012-2017)
4.6 Southeast Asia Permanent Magnet Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2012-2017)
4.7 India Permanent Magnet Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2012-2017)

5 GLOBAL PERMANENT MAGNET PRODUCTION, REVENUE (VALUE), PRICE TREND BY TYPE

5.1 Global Permanent Magnet Production and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
5.2 Global Permanent Magnet Revenue and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
5.3 Global Permanent Magnet Price by Type (2012-2017)
5.4 Global Permanent Magnet Production Growth by Type (2012-2017)

6 GLOBAL PERMANENT MAGNET MARKET ANALYSIS BY APPLICATION

6.1 Global Permanent Magnet Consumption and Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
6.2 Global Permanent Magnet Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)
6.3 Market Drivers and Opportunities
  6.3.1 Potential Applications
  6.3.2 Emerging Markets/Countries

7 GLOBAL PERMANENT MAGNET MANUFACTURERS PROFILES/ANALYSIS

7.1 Hitachi
  7.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.1.2 Permanent Magnet Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.1.2.1 Product A
    7.1.2.2 Product B
  7.1.3 Hitachi Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.2 TDK
  7.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.2.2 Permanent Magnet Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.2.2.1 Product A
    7.2.2.2 Product B
  7.2.3 TDK Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.3 Thomas & Skinner
  7.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.3.2 Permanent Magnet Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.3.2.1 Product A
    7.3.2.2 Product B
  7.3.3 Thomas & Skinner Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.4 Lynas
  7.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.4.2 Permanent Magnet Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.4.2.1 Product A
    7.4.2.2 Product B
  7.4.3 Lynas Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.5 Shin-Etsu
  7.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.5.2 Permanent Magnet Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.5.2.1 Product A
    7.5.2.2 Product B
  7.5.3 Shin-Etsu Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.6 Vacuumschmelze
  7.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.6.2 Permanent Magnet Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.6.2.1 Product A
    7.6.2.2 Product B
  7.6.3 Vacuumschmelze Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.7 Tengam Engineering
  7.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.7.2 Permanent Magnet Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.7.2.1 Product A
    7.7.2.2 Product B
  7.7.3 Tengam Engineering Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.8 JPMF Guangdong
  7.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.8.2 Permanent Magnet Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.8.2.1 Product A
    7.8.2.2 Product B
  7.8.3 JPMF Guangdong Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.9 Molycorp Magnequench
  7.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.9.2 Permanent Magnet Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.9.2.1 Product A
    7.9.2.2 Product B
  7.9.3 Molycorp Magnequench Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.10 Ningbo Yunsheng
  7.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.10.2 Permanent Magnet Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.10.2.1 Product A
    7.10.2.2 Product B
  7.10.3 Ningbo Yunsheng Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.11 Ninggang Permanent Magnetic Materials
7.12 Adams Magnetic Products
7.13 Anhui Earth-Panda Advance Magnetic Material
7.14 Arnold Magnetic Technologies
7.15 Bunting Magnetics
7.16 Daido Steel
7.17 Eclipse Magnetics
7.18 Electron Energy Corporation
7.19 Goudsmit Magnetics Group
7.20 Hangzhou Permanent Magnet Group

8 PERMANENT MAGNET MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

8.1 Permanent Magnet Key Raw Materials Analysis
  8.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  8.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  8.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  8.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
8.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  8.2.1 Raw Materials
  8.2.2 Labor Cost
  8.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
8.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Permanent Magnet

9 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

9.1 Permanent Magnet Industrial Chain Analysis
9.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
9.3 Raw Materials Sources of Permanent Magnet Major Manufacturers in 2015
9.4 Downstream Buyers

10 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

10.1 Marketing Channel
  10.1.1 Direct Marketing
  10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
  10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  10.2.2 Brand Strategy
  10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List

11 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

11.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  11.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  11.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
11.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
11.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

12 GLOBAL PERMANENT MAGNET MARKET FORECAST (2017-2022)

12.1 Global Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production, Revenue Forecast (2017-2022)
  12.1.1 Global Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
  12.1.2 Global Permanent Magnet Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
  12.1.3 Global Permanent Magnet Price and Trend Forecast (2017-2022)
12.2 Global Permanent Magnet Production, Consumption, Import and Export Forecast by Regions (2017-2022)
  12.2.1 North America Permanent Magnet Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)
  12.2.2 Europe Permanent Magnet Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)
  12.2.3 China Permanent Magnet Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)
  12.2.4 Japan Permanent Magnet Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)
  12.2.5 Southeast Asia Permanent Magnet Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)
  12.2.6 India Permanent Magnet Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)
12.3 Global Permanent Magnet Production, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
12.4 Global Permanent Magnet Consumption Forecast by Application (2017-2022)

13 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

14 APPENDIX

Methodology
Analyst Introduction
Data Source

The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Picture of Permanent Magnet
Figure Global Production Market Share of Permanent Magnet by Type in 2015
Figure Product Picture of Type I
Table Major Manufacturers of Type I
Figure Product Picture of Type II
Table Major Manufacturers of Type II
Table Permanent Magnet Consumption Market Share by Application in 2015
Figure Application 1 Examples
Figure Application 2 Examples
Figure North America Permanent Magnet Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Europe Permanent Magnet Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure China Permanent Magnet Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Japan Permanent Magnet Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Southeast Asia Permanent Magnet Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure India Permanent Magnet Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Global Permanent Magnet Revenue (Million UDS) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Table Global Permanent Magnet Capacity of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Global Permanent Magnet Capacity Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Figure Global Permanent Magnet Capacity of Key Manufacturers in 2015
Figure Global Permanent Magnet Capacity of Key Manufacturers in 2016
Table Global Permanent Magnet Production of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Global Permanent Magnet Production Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Figure 2015 Permanent Magnet Production Share by Manufacturers
Figure 2016 Permanent Magnet Production Share by Manufacturers
Table Global Permanent Magnet Revenue (Million USD) by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Global Permanent Magnet Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table 2015 Global Permanent Magnet Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table 2016 Global Permanent Magnet Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table Global Market Permanent Magnet Average Price of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Figure Global Market Permanent Magnet Average Price of Key Manufacturers in 2015
Table Manufacturers Permanent Magnet Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area
Table Manufacturers Permanent Magnet Product Type
Figure Permanent Magnet Market Share of Top 3 Manufacturers
Figure Permanent Magnet Market Share of Top 5 Manufacturers
Table Global Permanent Magnet Capacity by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure Global Permanent Magnet Capacity Market Share by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure Global Permanent Magnet Capacity Market Share by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure 2015 Global Permanent Magnet Capacity Market Share by Regions
Table Global Permanent Magnet Production by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure Global Permanent Magnet Production and Market Share by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure Global Permanent Magnet Production Market Share by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure 2015 Global Permanent Magnet Production Market Share by Regions
Table Global Permanent Magnet Revenue by Regions (2012-2017)
Table Global Permanent Magnet Revenue Market Share by Regions (2012-2017)
Table 2015 Global Permanent Magnet Revenue Market Share by Regions
Table Global Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table North America Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Europe Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table China Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Japan Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Southeast Asia Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table India Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Global Permanent Magnet Consumption Market by Regions (2012-2017)
Table Global Permanent Magnet Consumption Market Share by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure Global Permanent Magnet Consumption Market Share by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure 2015 Global Permanent Magnet Consumption Market Share by Regions
Table North America Permanent Magnet Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2012-2017)
Table Europe Permanent Magnet Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2012-2017)
Table China Permanent Magnet Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2012-2017)
Table Japan Permanent Magnet Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2012-2017)
Table Southeast Asia Permanent Magnet Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2012-2017)
Table India Permanent Magnet Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2012-2017)
Table Global Permanent Magnet Production by Type (2012-2017)
Table Global Permanent Magnet Production Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Production Market Share of Permanent Magnet by Type (2012-2017)
Figure 2015 Production Market Share of Permanent Magnet by Type
Table Global Permanent Magnet Revenue by Type (2012-2017)
Table Global Permanent Magnet Revenue Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Production Revenue Share of Permanent Magnet by Type (2012-2017)
Figure 2015 Revenue Market Share of Permanent Magnet by Type
Table Global Permanent Magnet Price by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Global Permanent Magnet Production Growth by Type (2012-2017)
Table Global Permanent Magnet Consumption by Application (2012-2017)
Table Global Permanent Magnet Consumption Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
Figure Global Permanent Magnet Consumption Market Share by Application in 2015
Table Global Permanent Magnet Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)
Figure Global Permanent Magnet Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)
Table Hitachi Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Hitachi Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
Figure Hitachi Permanent Magnet Market Share (2015 and 2016)
Table TDK Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table TDK Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
Figure TDK Permanent Magnet Market Share (2015 and 2016)
Table Thomas & Skinner Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Thomas & Skinner Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
Figure Thomas & Skinner Permanent Magnet Market Share (2015 and 2016)
Table Lynas Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Lynas Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
Figure Lynas Permanent Magnet Market Share (2015 and 2016)
Table Shin-Etsu Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Shin-Etsu Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
Figure Shin-Etsu Permanent Magnet Market Share (2015 and 2016)
Table Vacuumschmelze Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Vacuumschmelze Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
Figure Vacuumschmelze Permanent Magnet Market Share (2015 and 2016)
Table Tengam Engineering Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Tengam Engineering Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
Figure Tengam Engineering Permanent Magnet Market Share (2015 and 2016)
Table JPMF Guangdong Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table JPMF Guangdong Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
Figure JPMF Guangdong Permanent Magnet Market Share (2015 and 2016)
Table Molycorp Magnequench Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Molycorp Magnequench Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
Figure Molycorp Magnequench Permanent Magnet Market Share (2015 and 2016)
Table Ningbo Yunsheng Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Ningbo Yunsheng Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
Figure Ningbo Yunsheng Permanent Magnet Market Share (2015 and 2016)
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Permanent Magnet
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Permanent Magnet
Figure Permanent Magnet Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Permanent Magnet Major Manufacturers in 2015
Table Major Buyers of Permanent Magnet
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure Global Permanent Magnet Capacity, Production and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Global Permanent Magnet Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Global Permanent Magnet Price and Trend Forecast (2017-2022)
Table Global Permanent Magnet Production Forecast by Regions (2017-2022)
Table Global Permanent Magnet Consumption Forecast by Regions (2017-2022)
Figure North America Permanent Magnet Production, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Table North America Permanent Magnet Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Europe Permanent Magnet Production, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Table Europe Permanent Magnet Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure China Permanent Magnet Production, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Table China Permanent Magnet Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Japan Permanent Magnet Production, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Table Japan Permanent Magnet Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Southeast Asia Permanent Magnet Production, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Table Southeast Asia Permanent Magnet Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure India Permanent Magnet Production, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Table India Permanent Magnet Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)
Table Global Permanent Magnet Production Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Permanent Magnet Revenue Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Permanent Magnet Price Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Permanent Magnet Consumption Forecast by Application (2017-2022)