Global Packaging Films for Food Market Market Research Report 2016

November 2016 | 111 pages | ID: G18F6DEE943EN
QYResearch

Abstracts

Notes:

Production, means the output of Packaging Films for Food Market

Revenue, means the sales value of Packaging Films for Food Market

This report studies Packaging Films for Food Market in Global market, especially in North America, Europe, China, Japan, Southeast Asia and India, focuses on top manufacturers in global market, with capacity, production, price, revenue and market share for each manufacturer, covering

• AEP Industries Inc.
• Amcor Limited
• Berry Plastics Group
• Bemis Company
• Charter NEX Films Inc.
• DuPont Teijin Films
• Coveris Holdings SA聽
• The Dow Chemical Company
• Graphic Packaging Holding Company
• Hilex Poly Co LlC
• Innovia Films Ltd
• Jindal Poly Films Ltd.
• RKW SE
• Sealed Air Corporation
• Taghleef Industries Group
• and Wipak OY.
• Taghleef Industries Group
• Wipak OY

Market Segment by Regions, this report splits Global into several key Regions, with production, consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate of Packaging Films for Food Market in these regions, from 2011 to 2021 (forecast), like

• North America
• Europe
• China
• Japan
• Southeast Asia
• India

Split by product type, with production, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type, can be divided into

• polyethylene
• polypropylene
• polyester
• polyvinyl chloride
• polyamide
• ethylene vinyl alcohol
• Others

Split by application, this report focuses on consumption, market share and growth rate of Packaging Films for Food Market in each application, can be divided into

• Application 1
• Application 2
• Application 3

Contents

Global Packaging Films for Food Market Market Research Report 2016

1 PACKAGING FILMS FOR FOOD MARKET MARKET OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Packaging Films for Food Market
1.2 Packaging Films for Food Market Segment by Type
  1.2.1 Global Production Market Share of Packaging Films for Food Market by Type in 2015
  1.2.2 polyethylene
  1.2.3 polypropylene
  1.2.4 polyester
  1.2.5 polyvinyl chloride
  1.2.6 polyamide
  1.2.7 ethylene vinyl alcohol
  1.2.8 Others
1.3 Packaging Films for Food Market Segment by Application
  1.3.1 Packaging Films for Food Market Consumption Market Share by Application in 2015
  1.3.2 Application
  1.3.3 Application
  1.3.4 Application
1.4 Packaging Films for Food Market Market by Region
  1.4.1 North America Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.2 Europe Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.3 China Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.4 Japan Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.5 Southeast Asia Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.6 India Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.5 Global Market Size (Value) of Packaging Films for Food Market (2011-2021)

2 GLOBAL PACKAGING FILMS FOR FOOD MARKET MARKET COMPETITION BY MANUFACTURERS

2.1 Global Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production and Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.2 Global Packaging Films for Food Market Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.3 Global Packaging Films for Food Market Average Price by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.4 Manufacturers Packaging Films for Food Market Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area and Product Type
2.5 Packaging Films for Food Market Market Competitive Situation and Trends
  2.5.1 Packaging Films for Food Market Market Concentration Rate
  2.5.2 Packaging Films for Food Market Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Manufacturers
  2.5.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

3 GLOBAL PACKAGING FILMS FOR FOOD MARKET CAPACITY, PRODUCTION, REVENUE (VALUE) BY REGION (2011-2016)

3.1 Global Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity and Market Share by Region (2011-2016)
3.2 Global Packaging Films for Food Market Production and Market Share by Region (2011-2016)
3.3 Global Packaging Films for Food Market Revenue (Value) and Market Share by Region (2011-2016)
3.4 Global Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
3.5 North America Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
3.6 Europe Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
3.7 China Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
3.8 Japan Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
3.9 Southeast Asia Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
3.10 India Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

4 GLOBAL PACKAGING FILMS FOR FOOD MARKET SUPPLY (PRODUCTION), CONSUMPTION, EXPORT, IMPORT BY REGIONS (2011-2016)

4.1 Global Packaging Films for Food Market Consumption by Regions (2011-2016)
4.2 North America Packaging Films for Food Market Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2011-2016)
4.3 Europe Packaging Films for Food Market Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2011-2016)
4.4 China Packaging Films for Food Market Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2011-2016)
4.5 Japan Packaging Films for Food Market Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2011-2016)
4.6 Southeast Asia Packaging Films for Food Market Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2011-2016)
4.7 India Packaging Films for Food Market Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2011-2016)

5 GLOBAL PACKAGING FILMS FOR FOOD MARKET PRODUCTION, REVENUE (VALUE), PRICE TREND BY TYPE

5.1 Global Packaging Films for Food Market Production and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
5.2 Global Packaging Films for Food Market Revenue and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
5.3 Global Packaging Films for Food Market Price by Type (2011-2016)
5.4 Global Packaging Films for Food Market Production Growth by Type (2011-2016)

6 GLOBAL PACKAGING FILMS FOR FOOD MARKET MARKET ANALYSIS BY APPLICATION

6.1 Global Packaging Films for Food Market Consumption and Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
6.2 Global Packaging Films for Food Market Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2011-2016)
6.3 Market Drivers and Opportunities
  6.3.1 Potential Applications
  6.3.2 Emerging Markets/Countries

7 GLOBAL PACKAGING FILMS FOR FOOD MARKET MANUFACTURERS PROFILES/ANALYSIS

7.1 AEP Industries Inc.
  7.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.1.2 Packaging Films for Food Market Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.1.2.1 Type I
    7.1.2.2 Type II
  7.1.3 AEP Industries Inc. Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.2 Amcor Limited
  7.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.2.2 Packaging Films for Food Market Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.2.2.1 Type I
    7.2.2.2 Type II
  7.2.3 Amcor Limited Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.3 Berry Plastics Group
  7.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.3.2 Packaging Films for Food Market Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.3.2.1 Type I
    7.3.2.2 Type II
  7.3.3 Berry Plastics Group Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.4 Bemis Company
  7.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.4.2 Packaging Films for Food Market Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.4.2.1 Type I
    7.4.2.2 Type II
  7.4.3 Bemis Company Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.5 Charter NEX Films Inc.
  7.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.5.2 Packaging Films for Food Market Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.5.2.1 Type I
    7.5.2.2 Type II
  7.5.3 Charter NEX Films Inc. Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.6 DuPont Teijin Films
  7.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.6.2 Packaging Films for Food Market Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.6.2.1 Type I
    7.6.2.2 Type II
  7.6.3 DuPont Teijin Films Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.7 Coveris Holdings SA聽
  7.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.7.2 Packaging Films for Food Market Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.7.2.1 Type I
    7.7.2.2 Type II
  7.7.3 Coveris Holdings SA聽 Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.8 The Dow Chemical Company
  7.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.8.2 Packaging Films for Food Market Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.8.2.1 Type I
    7.8.2.2 Type II
  7.8.3 The Dow Chemical Company Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.9 Graphic Packaging Holding Company
  7.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.9.2 Packaging Films for Food Market Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.9.2.1 Type I
    7.9.2.2 Type II
  7.9.3 Graphic Packaging Holding Company Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.10 Hilex Poly Co LlC
  7.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.10.2 Packaging Films for Food Market Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.10.2.1 Type I
    7.10.2.2 Type II
  7.10.3 Hilex Poly Co LlC Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.11 Innovia Films Ltd
7.12 Jindal Poly Films Ltd.
7.13 RKW SE
7.14 Sealed Air Corporation
7.15 Taghleef Industries Group
7.16 and Wipak OY.
7.17 Taghleef Industries Group
7.18 Wipak OY

8 PACKAGING FILMS FOR FOOD MARKET MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

8.1 Packaging Films for Food Market Key Raw Materials Analysis
  8.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  8.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  8.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  8.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
8.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  8.2.1 Raw Materials
  8.2.2 Labor Cost
  8.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
8.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Packaging Films for Food Market

9 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

9.1 Packaging Films for Food Market Industrial Chain Analysis
9.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
9.3 Raw Materials Sources of Packaging Films for Food Market Major Manufacturers in 2015
9.4 Downstream Buyers

10 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

10.1 Marketing Channel
  10.1.1 Direct Marketing
  10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
  10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  10.2.2 Brand Strategy
  10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List

11 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

11.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  11.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  11.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
11.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
11.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

12 GLOBAL PACKAGING FILMS FOR FOOD MARKET MARKET FORECAST (2016-2021)

12.1 Global Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production, Revenue Forecast (2016-2021)
12.2 Global Packaging Films for Food Market Production, Consumption Forecast by Regions (2016-2021)
12.3 Global Packaging Films for Food Market Production Forecast by Type (2016-2021)
12.4 Global Packaging Films for Food Market Consumption Forecast by Application (2016-2021)
12.5 Packaging Films for Food Market Price Forecast (2016-2021)

13 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

14 APPENDIX

Author List
Disclosure Section
Research Methodology
Data Source
China Disclaimer

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Picture of Packaging Films for Food Market
Figure Global Production Market Share of Packaging Films for Food Market by Type in 2015
Figure Product Picture of polyethylene
Table Major Manufacturers of polyethylene
Figure Product Picture of polypropylene
Table Major Manufacturers of polypropylene
Figure Product Picture of polyester
Table Major Manufacturers of polyester
Figure Product Picture of polyvinyl chloride
Table Major Manufacturers of polyvinyl chloride
Figure Product Picture of polyamide
Table Major Manufacturers of polyamide
Figure Product Picture of ethylene vinyl alcohol
Table Major Manufacturers of ethylene vinyl alcohol
Figure Product Picture of Others
Table Major Manufacturers of Others
Table Packaging Films for Food Market Consumption Market Share by Application in 2015
Figure Application 1 Examples
Figure Application 2 Examples
Figure Application 3 Examples
Figure North America Packaging Films for Food Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Europe Packaging Films for Food Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure China Packaging Films for Food Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Japan Packaging Films for Food Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Southeast Asia Packaging Films for Food Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure India Packaging Films for Food Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Global Packaging Films for Food Market Revenue (Million UDS) and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Table Global Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Global Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Figure Global Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity of Key Manufacturers in 2015
Figure Global Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity of Key Manufacturers in 2016
Table Global Packaging Films for Food Market Production of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Global Packaging Films for Food Market Production Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Figure 2015 Packaging Films for Food Market Production Share by Manufacturers
Figure 2016 Packaging Films for Food Market Production Share by Manufacturers
Table Global Packaging Films for Food Market Revenue (Million USD) by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Global Packaging Films for Food Market Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table 2015 Global Packaging Films for Food Market Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table 2016 Global Packaging Films for Food Market Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table Global Market Packaging Films for Food Market Average Price of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Figure Global Market Packaging Films for Food Market Average Price of Key Manufacturers in 2015
Table Manufacturers Packaging Films for Food Market Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area
Table Manufacturers Packaging Films for Food Market Product Type
Figure Packaging Films for Food Market Market Share of Top 3 Manufacturers
Figure Packaging Films for Food Market Market Share of Top 5 Manufacturers
Table Global Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Global Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Global Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure 2015 Global Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity Market Share by Regions
Table Global Packaging Films for Food Market Production by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Global Packaging Films for Food Market Production and Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Global Packaging Films for Food Market Production Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure 2015 Global Packaging Films for Food Market Production Market Share by Regions
Table Global Packaging Films for Food Market Revenue by Regions (2011-2016)
Table Global Packaging Films for Food Market Revenue Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Table 2015 Global Packaging Films for Food Market Revenue Market Share by Regions
Table Global Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table North America Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Europe Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table China Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Japan Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Southeast Asia Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table India Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Global Packaging Films for Food Market Consumption Market by Regions (2011-2016)
Table Global Packaging Films for Food Market Consumption Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Global Packaging Films for Food Market Consumption Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure 2015 Global Packaging Films for Food Market Consumption Market Share by Regions
Table North America Packaging Films for Food Market Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2011-2016)
Table Europe Packaging Films for Food Market Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2011-2016)
Table China Packaging Films for Food Market Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2011-2016)
Table Japan Packaging Films for Food Market Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2011-2016)
Table Southeast Asia Packaging Films for Food Market Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2011-2016)
Table India Packaging Films for Food Market Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2011-2016)
Table Global Packaging Films for Food Market Production by Type (2011-2016)
Table Global Packaging Films for Food Market Production Share by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Production Market Share of Packaging Films for Food Market by Type (2011-2016)
Figure 2015 Production Market Share of Packaging Films for Food Market by Type
Table Global Packaging Films for Food Market Revenue by Type (2011-2016)
Table Global Packaging Films for Food Market Revenue Share by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Production Revenue Share of Packaging Films for Food Market by Type (2011-2016)
Figure 2015 Revenue Market Share of Packaging Films for Food Market by Type
Table Global Packaging Films for Food Market Price by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Global Packaging Films for Food Market Production Growth by Type (2011-2016)
Table Global Packaging Films for Food Market Consumption by Application (2011-2016)
Table Global Packaging Films for Food Market Consumption Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Global Packaging Films for Food Market Consumption Market Share by Application in 2015
Table Global Packaging Films for Food Market Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Global Packaging Films for Food Market Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2011-2016)
Table AEP Industries Inc. Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table AEP Industries Inc. Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure AEP Industries Inc. Packaging Films for Food Market Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Amcor Limited Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Amcor Limited Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Amcor Limited Packaging Films for Food Market Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Berry Plastics Group Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Berry Plastics Group Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Berry Plastics Group Packaging Films for Food Market Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Bemis Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Bemis Company Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Bemis Company Packaging Films for Food Market Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Charter NEX Films Inc. Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Charter NEX Films Inc. Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Charter NEX Films Inc. Packaging Films for Food Market Market Share (2011-2016)
Table DuPont Teijin Films Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table DuPont Teijin Films Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure DuPont Teijin Films Packaging Films for Food Market Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Coveris Holdings SA聽 Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Coveris Holdings SA聽 Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Coveris Holdings SA聽 Packaging Films for Food Market Market Share (2011-2016)
Table The Dow Chemical Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table The Dow Chemical Company Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure The Dow Chemical Company Packaging Films for Food Market Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Graphic Packaging Holding Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Graphic Packaging Holding Company Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Graphic Packaging Holding Company Packaging Films for Food Market Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Hilex Poly Co LlC Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Hilex Poly Co LlC Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Hilex Poly Co LlC Packaging Films for Food Market Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Packaging Films for Food Market
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Packaging Films for Food Market
Figure Packaging Films for Food Market Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Packaging Films for Food Market Major Manufacturers in 2015
Table Major Buyers of Packaging Films for Food Market
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure Global Packaging Films for Food Market Capacity, Production and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Global Packaging Films for Food Market Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Table Global Packaging Films for Food Market Production Forecast by Regions (2016-2021)
Table Global Packaging Films for Food Market Consumption Forecast by Regions (2016-2021)
Table Global Packaging Films for Food Market Production Forecast by Type (2016-2021)
Table Global Packaging Films for Food Market Consumption Forecast by Application (2016-2021)