Global Natural Graphite Sales Market Report 2016

November 2016 | 125 pages | ID: G5D0F647527EN
QYResearch

Abstracts

Notes:

Sales, means the sales volume of Natural Graphite

Revenue, means the sales value of Natural Graphite

This report studies sales (consumption) of Natural Graphite in Global market, especially in United States, China, Europe, Japan, focuses on top players in these regions/countries, with sales, price, revenue and market share for each player in these regions, covering

• South Graphite
• Lutang Graphite
• Zhongjia Graphite
• Botai Graphite
• Aoyu Graphite
• Jixi Changyuan Mining Industry
• Qiangli Graphite
• Yixiang Graphite
• Haida Graphite
• Jixi Liumao Graphite
• Jinhui Graphite
• Nacional de Grafite
• Northeast Asian Mineral Resources
• Heijin Graphite
• Jixi Tiansheng Nonmetal Mining
• Puchen Graphite
• Fuda Graphite
• Pradhan Industries
• Agrawal Graphite Industries
• Tamil Nadu Minerals Limited
• Chotanagpur Graphite Industries
• T.P. Minerals Pvt. Ltd
• Carbon & Graphite Products
• G.R. Graphite Industries

Market Segment by Regions, this report splits Global into several key Regions, with sales (consumption), revenue, market share and growth rate of Natural Graphite in these regions, from 2011 to 2021 (forecast), like

• United States
• China
• Europe
• Japan

Split by product Types, with sales, revenue, price and gross margin, market share and growth rate of each type, can be divided into

• Flake Graphite
• Amorphous Graphite
• Vein Graphite

Split by applications, this report focuses on sales, market share and growth rate of Natural Graphite in each application, can be divided into

• Steel & Refractories
• Carbon brushes
• Batteries
• Automotive parts
• Lubricants
• Others

Contents

Global Natural Graphite Sales Market Report 2016

1 NATURAL GRAPHITE OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Natural Graphite
1.2 Classification of Natural Graphite
  1.2.1 Flake Graphite
  1.2.2 Amorphous Graphite
  1.2.3 Vein Graphite
1.3 Application of Natural Graphite
  1.3.1 Steel & Refractories
  1.3.2 Carbon brushes
  1.3.3 Batteries
  1.3.4 Automotive parts
  1.3.5 Lubricants
  1.3.6 Others
1.4 Natural Graphite Market by Regions
  1.4.1 United States Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.2 China Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.3 Europe Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.4 Japan Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.5 Global Market Size (Value and Volume) of Natural Graphite (2011-2021)
  1.5.1 Global Natural Graphite Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
  1.5.2 Global Natural Graphite Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)

2 GLOBAL NATURAL GRAPHITE COMPETITION BY MANUFACTURERS, TYPE AND APPLICATION

2.1 Global Natural Graphite Market Competition by Manufacturers
  2.1.1 Global Natural Graphite Sales and Market Share of Key Manufacturers (2011-2016)
  2.1.2 Global Natural Graphite Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
2.2 Global Natural Graphite (Volume and Value) by Type
  2.2.1 Global Natural Graphite Sales and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
  2.2.2 Global Natural Graphite Revenue and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
2.3 Global Natural Graphite (Volume and Value) by Regions
  2.3.1 Global Natural Graphite Sales and Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
  2.3.2 Global Natural Graphite Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
2.4 Global Natural Graphite (Volume) by Application

3 UNITED STATES NATURAL GRAPHITE (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

3.1 United States Natural Graphite Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  3.1.1 United States Natural Graphite Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  3.1.2 United States Natural Graphite Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  3.1.3 United States Natural Graphite Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
3.2 United States Natural Graphite Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
3.3 United States Natural Graphite Sales and Market Share by Type
3.4 United States Natural Graphite Sales and Market Share by Application

4 CHINA NATURAL GRAPHITE (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

4.1 China Natural Graphite Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  4.1.1 China Natural Graphite Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  4.1.2 China Natural Graphite Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  4.1.3 China Natural Graphite Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
4.2 China Natural Graphite Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
4.3 China Natural Graphite Sales and Market Share by Type
4.4 China Natural Graphite Sales and Market Share by Application

5 EUROPE NATURAL GRAPHITE (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

5.1 Europe Natural Graphite Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  5.1.1 Europe Natural Graphite Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  5.1.2 Europe Natural Graphite Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  5.1.3 Europe Natural Graphite Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
5.2 Europe Natural Graphite Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
5.3 Europe Natural Graphite Sales and Market Share by Type
5.4 Europe Natural Graphite Sales and Market Share by Application

6 JAPAN NATURAL GRAPHITE (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

6.1 Japan Natural Graphite Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  6.1.1 Japan Natural Graphite Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  6.1.2 Japan Natural Graphite Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  6.1.3 Japan Natural Graphite Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
6.2 Japan Natural Graphite Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
6.3 Japan Natural Graphite Sales and Market Share by Type
6.4 Japan Natural Graphite Sales and Market Share by Application

7 GLOBAL NATURAL GRAPHITE MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS

7.1 South Graphite
  7.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  7.1.2 Natural Graphite Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.1.2.1 Type I
    7.1.2.2 Type II
  7.1.3 South Graphite Natural Graphite Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  7.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.2 Lutang Graphite
  7.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  7.2.2 125 Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.2.2.1 Type I
    7.2.2.2 Type II
  7.2.3 Lutang Graphite Natural Graphite Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  7.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.3 Zhongjia Graphite
  7.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  7.3.2 140 Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.3.2.1 Type I
    7.3.2.2 Type II
  7.3.3 Zhongjia Graphite Natural Graphite Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  7.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.4 Botai Graphite
  7.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  7.4.2 Nov Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.4.2.1 Type I
    7.4.2.2 Type II
  7.4.3 Botai Graphite Natural Graphite Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  7.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.5 Aoyu Graphite
  7.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  7.5.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.5.2.1 Type I
    7.5.2.2 Type II
  7.5.3 Aoyu Graphite Natural Graphite Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  7.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.6 Jixi Changyuan Mining Industry
  7.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  7.6.2 Million USD Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.6.2.1 Type I
    7.6.2.2 Type II
  7.6.3 Jixi Changyuan Mining Industry Natural Graphite Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  7.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.7 Qiangli Graphite
  7.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  7.7.2 Chemical & Material Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.7.2.1 Type I
    7.7.2.2 Type II
  7.7.3 Qiangli Graphite Natural Graphite Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  7.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.8 Yixiang Graphite
  7.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  7.8.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.8.2.1 Type I
    7.8.2.2 Type II
  7.8.3 Yixiang Graphite Natural Graphite Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  7.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.9 Haida Graphite
  7.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  7.9.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.9.2.1 Type I
    7.9.2.2 Type II
  7.9.3 Haida Graphite Natural Graphite Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  7.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.10 Jixi Liumao Graphite
  7.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  7.10.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.10.2.1 Type I
    7.10.2.2 Type II
  7.10.3 Jixi Liumao Graphite Natural Graphite Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  7.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.11 Jinhui Graphite
7.12 Nacional de Grafite
7.13 Northeast Asian Mineral Resources
7.14 Heijin Graphite
7.15 Jixi Tiansheng Nonmetal Mining
7.16 Puchen Graphite
7.17 Fuda Graphite
7.18 Pradhan Industries
7.19 Agrawal Graphite Industries
7.20 Tamil Nadu Minerals Limited
7.21 Chotanagpur Graphite Industries
7.22 T.P. Minerals Pvt. Ltd
7.23 Carbon & Graphite Products
7.24 G.R. Graphite Industries

8 NATURAL GRAPHITE MAUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

8.1 Natural Graphite Key Raw Materials Analysis
  8.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  8.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  8.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  8.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
8.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  8.2.1 Raw Materials
  8.2.2 Labor Cost
  8.2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Natural Graphite

9 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

9.1 Natural Graphite Industrial Chain Analysis
9.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
9.3 Raw Materials Sources of Natural Graphite Major Manufacturers in 2015
9.4 Downstream Buyers

10 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

10.1 Marketing Channel
  10.1.1 Direct Marketing
  10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
  10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  10.2.2 Brand Strategy
  10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List

11 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

11.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  11.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  11.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
11.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
11.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

12 GLOBAL NATURAL GRAPHITE MARKET FORECAST (2016-2021)

12.1 Global Natural Graphite Sales, Revenue Forecast (2016-2021)
12.2 Global Natural Graphite Sales Forecast by Regions (2016-2021)
12.3 Global Natural Graphite Sales Forecast by Type (2016-2021)
12.4 Global Natural Graphite Sales Forecast by Application (2016-2021)

13 APPENDIX

Author List
Disclosure Section
Research Methodology
Data Source
China Disclaimer

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Picture of Natural Graphite
Table Classification of Natural Graphite
Figure Global Sales Market Share of Natural Graphite by Type in 2015
Figure Flake Graphite Picture
Figure Amorphous Graphite Picture
Figure Vein Graphite Picture
Table Applications of Natural Graphite
Figure Global Sales Market Share of Natural Graphite by Application in 2015
Figure Steel & Refractories Examples
Figure Carbon brushes Examples
Figure Batteries Examples
Figure Automotive parts Examples
Figure Lubricants Examples
Figure Others Examples
Figure United States Natural Graphite Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure China Natural Graphite Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Europe Natural Graphite Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Japan Natural Graphite Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Global Natural Graphite Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Global Natural Graphite Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Table Global Natural Graphite Sales of Key Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table Global Natural Graphite Sales Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Figure 2015 Natural Graphite Sales Share by Manufacturers
Figure 2016 Natural Graphite Sales Share by Manufacturers
Table Global Natural Graphite Revenue by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table Global Natural Graphite Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table 2015 Global Natural Graphite Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table 2016 Global Natural Graphite Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table Global Natural Graphite Sales and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Global Natural Graphite Sales Share by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Natural Graphite by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Global Natural Graphite Sales Growth Rate by Type (2011-2016)
Table Global Natural Graphite Revenue and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Global Natural Graphite Revenue Share by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Natural Graphite by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Global Natural Graphite Revenue Growth Rate by Type (2011-2016)
Table Global Natural Graphite Sales and Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Table Global Natural Graphite Sales Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Natural Graphite by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Global Natural Graphite Sales Growth Rate by Regions (2011-2016)
Table Global Natural Graphite Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Table Global Natural Graphite Revenue Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Natural Graphite by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Global Natural Graphite Revenue Growth Rate by Regions (2011-2016)
Table Global Natural Graphite Sales and Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Table Global Natural Graphite Sales Share by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Natural Graphite by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Global Natural Graphite Sales Growth Rate by Application (2011-2016)
Figure United States Natural Graphite Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure United States Natural Graphite Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure United States Natural Graphite Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table United States Natural Graphite Sales by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table United States Natural Graphite Market Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table United States Natural Graphite Sales by Type (2011-2016)
Table United States Natural Graphite Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table United States Natural Graphite Sales by Application (2011-2016)
Table United States Natural Graphite Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Figure China Natural Graphite Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure China Natural Graphite Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure China Natural Graphite Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table China Natural Graphite Sales by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table China Natural Graphite Market Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table China Natural Graphite Sales by Type (2011-2016)
Table China Natural Graphite Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table China Natural Graphite Sales by Application (2011-2016)
Table China Natural Graphite Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Europe Natural Graphite Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Europe Natural Graphite Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Europe Natural Graphite Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Europe Natural Graphite Sales by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table Europe Natural Graphite Market Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table Europe Natural Graphite Sales by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Natural Graphite Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Natural Graphite Sales by Application (2011-2016)
Table Europe Natural Graphite Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Japan Natural Graphite Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Japan Natural Graphite Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Japan Natural Graphite Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Japan Natural Graphite Sales by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table Japan Natural Graphite Market Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)
Table Japan Natural Graphite Sales by Type (2011-2016)
Table Japan Natural Graphite Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Japan Natural Graphite Sales by Application (2011-2016)
Table Japan Natural Graphite Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Table South Graphite Basic Information List
Table South Graphite Natural Graphite Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure South Graphite Natural Graphite Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Lutang Graphite Basic Information List
Table Lutang Graphite Natural Graphite Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Lutang Graphite Natural Graphite Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Zhongjia Graphite Basic Information List
Table Zhongjia Graphite Natural Graphite Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Zhongjia Graphite Natural Graphite Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Botai Graphite Basic Information List
Table Botai Graphite Natural Graphite Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Botai Graphite Natural Graphite Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Aoyu Graphite Basic Information List
Table Aoyu Graphite Natural Graphite Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Aoyu Graphite Natural Graphite Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Jixi Changyuan Mining Industry Basic Information List
Table Jixi Changyuan Mining Industry Natural Graphite Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Jixi Changyuan Mining Industry Natural Graphite Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Qiangli Graphite Basic Information List
Table Qiangli Graphite Natural Graphite Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Qiangli Graphite Natural Graphite Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Yixiang Graphite Basic Information List
Table Yixiang Graphite Natural Graphite Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Yixiang Graphite Natural Graphite Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Haida Graphite Basic Information List
Table Haida Graphite Natural Graphite Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Haida Graphite Natural Graphite Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Jixi Liumao Graphite Basic Information List
Table Jixi Liumao Graphite Natural Graphite Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Jixi Liumao Graphite Natural Graphite Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Jinhui Graphite Basic Information List
Table Jinhui Graphite Natural Graphite Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Jinhui Graphite Natural Graphite Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Nacional de Grafite Basic Information List
Table Nacional de Grafite Natural Graphite Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Nacional de Grafite Natural Graphite Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Northeast Asian Mineral Resources Basic Information List
Table Northeast Asian Mineral Resources Natural Graphite Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Northeast Asian Mineral Resources Natural Graphite Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Heijin Graphite Basic Information List
Table Heijin Graphite Natural Graphite Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Heijin Graphite Natural Graphite Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Jixi Tiansheng Nonmetal Mining Basic Information List
Table Jixi Tiansheng Nonmetal Mining Natural Graphite Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Jixi Tiansheng Nonmetal Mining Natural Graphite Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Puchen Graphite Basic Information List
Table Puchen Graphite Natural Graphite Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Puchen Graphite Natural Graphite Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Fuda Graphite Basic Information List
Table Fuda Graphite Natural Graphite Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Fuda Graphite Natural Graphite Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Pradhan Industries Basic Information List
Table Pradhan Industries Natural Graphite Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Pradhan Industries Natural Graphite Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Agrawal Graphite Industries Basic Information List
Table Agrawal Graphite Industries Natural Graphite Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Agrawal Graphite Industries Natural Graphite Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Tamil Nadu Minerals Limited Basic Information List
Table Tamil Nadu Minerals Limited Natural Graphite Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Tamil Nadu Minerals Limited Natural Graphite Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Chotanagpur Graphite Industries Basic Information List
Table Chotanagpur Graphite Industries Natural Graphite Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Chotanagpur Graphite Industries Natural Graphite Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table T.P. Minerals Pvt. Ltd Basic Information List
Table T.P. Minerals Pvt. Ltd Natural Graphite Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure T.P. Minerals Pvt. Ltd Natural Graphite Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Carbon & Graphite Products Basic Information List
Table Carbon & Graphite Products Natural Graphite Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Carbon & Graphite Products Natural Graphite Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table G.R. Graphite Industries Basic Information List
Table G.R. Graphite Industries Natural Graphite Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure G.R. Graphite Industries Natural Graphite Global Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Natural Graphite
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Natural Graphite
Figure Natural Graphite Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Natural Graphite Major Manufacturers in 2015
Table Major Buyers of Natural Graphite
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure Global Natural Graphite Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Global Natural Graphite Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Table Global Natural Graphite Sales Forecast by Regions (2016-2021)
Table Global Natural Graphite Sales Forecast by Type (2016-2021)
Table Global Natural Graphite Sales Forecast by Application (2016-2021)