Global and United States Security Bags Market Research by Company, Type & Application 2013-2025
Summary
Market Segment as follows:
By Type
Section 1: Product definition, type and application, global and United States market overview;
Section 2: Global and United States Market competition by company;
Section 3: Global and United States sales revenue, volume and price by type;
Section 4: Global and United States sales revenue, volume and price by application;
Section 5: United States export and import;
Section 6: Company information, business overview, sales data and product specifications;
Section 7: Industry chain and raw materials;
Section 8: SWOT and Porter's Five Forces;
Section 9: Conclusion.
Market Segment as follows:
By Type
- Plastic
- Paper
- Fabric
- Financial Institutions
- Hospitals
- Casinos
- Government Organisations
- Others
- Ampac Holdings LLC.
- Mega Fortris (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.
- Coveris Holdings S.A.
- SECUTAC
- Dynaflex Private Limited
- NELMAR Security Packaging Systems Inc.
- KOROZO Ambalaj San.ve Tic A.S.
- TruSeal Pty Ltd.
- HSA International Group
- KENT PLASTIK LTD. STI.
- Harwal Ltd.
- ITW Envopak Limited
- Initial Packaging Solutions Ltd.
- Vikela Aluvin Pty Ltd
- A. Rifkin Co.
- Packaging Horizons Corporation
- Versapak International Ltd
- Amerplast Ltd.
- Securepac Industries Sdn Bhd
- Adsure Packaging Limited
Section 1: Product definition, type and application, global and United States market overview;
Section 2: Global and United States Market competition by company;
Section 3: Global and United States sales revenue, volume and price by type;
Section 4: Global and United States sales revenue, volume and price by application;
Section 5: United States export and import;
Section 6: Company information, business overview, sales data and product specifications;
Section 7: Industry chain and raw materials;
Section 8: SWOT and Porter's Five Forces;
Section 9: Conclusion.
1 MARKET OVERVIEW
1.1 Market Segment Overview
1.1.1 Product Definition
1.1.2 Market by Type
1.1.2.1 Plastic
1.1.2.2 Paper
1.1.2.3 Fabric
1.1.3 Market by Application
1.1.3.1 Financial Institutions
1.1.3.2 Hospitals
1.1.3.3 Casinos
1.1.3.4 Government Organisations
1.1.3.5 Others
1.2 Global and Regional Market Size
1.2.1 Global Overview
1.2.2 United States Overview
2 GLOBAL AND REGIONAL MARKET BY COMPANY
2.1 Global
2.1.1 Global Sales by Company
2.1.2 Global Price by Company
2.2 United States
2.2.1 United States Sales by Company
2.2.2 United States Price by Company
3 GLOBAL AND REGIONAL MARKET BY TYPE
3.1 Global
3.1.1 Global Sales by Type
3.1.2 Global Price by Type
3.2 United States
3.2.1 United States Sales by Type
3.2.2 United States Price by Type
4 GLOBAL AND REGIONAL MARKET BY APPLICATION
4.1 Global
4.1.1 Global Sales by Application
4.1.2 Global Price by Application
4.2 United States
4.2.1 United States Sales by Application
4.2.2 United States Price by Application
5 REGIONAL TRADE
5.1 Export
5.2 Import
6 KEY MANUFACTURERS
6.1 Ampac Holdings LLC.
6.1.2 Company Information
6.1.2 Product Specifications
6.1.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.2 Mega Fortris (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.
6.2.1 Company Information
6.2.2 Product Specifications
6.2.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.3 Coveris Holdings S.A.
6.3.1 Company Information
6.3.2 Product Specifications
6.3.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.4 SECUTAC
6.4.1 Company Information
6.4.2 Product Specifications
6.4.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.5 Dynaflex Private Limited
6.5.1 Company Information
6.5.2 Product Specifications
6.5.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.6 NELMAR Security Packaging Systems Inc.
6.6.1 Company Information
6.6.2 Product Specifications
6.6.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.7 KOROZO Ambalaj San.ve Tic A.S.
6.7.1 Company Information
6.7.2 Product Specifications
6.7.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.8 TruSeal Pty Ltd.
6.8.1 Company Information
6.8.2 Product Specifications
6.8.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.9 HSA International Group
6.9.1 Company Information
6.9.2 Product Specifications
6.9.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.10 KENT PLASTIK LTD. STI.
6.10.1 Company Information
6.10.2 Product Specifications
6.10.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.11 Harwal Ltd.
6.12 ITW Envopak Limited
6.13 Initial Packaging Solutions Ltd.
6.14 Vikela Aluvin Pty Ltd
6.15 A. Rifkin Co.
6.16 Packaging Horizons Corporation
6.17 Versapak International Ltd
6.18 Amerplast Ltd.
6.19 Securepac Industries Sdn Bhd
6.20 Adsure Packaging Limited
7 INDUSTRY UPSTREAM
7.1 Industry Chain
7.2 Raw Materials
8 MARKET ENVIRONMENT
8.1 SWOT
8.2 Porter's Five Forces
9 CONCLUSION
1.1 Market Segment Overview
1.1.1 Product Definition
1.1.2 Market by Type
1.1.2.1 Plastic
1.1.2.2 Paper
1.1.2.3 Fabric
1.1.3 Market by Application
1.1.3.1 Financial Institutions
1.1.3.2 Hospitals
1.1.3.3 Casinos
1.1.3.4 Government Organisations
1.1.3.5 Others
1.2 Global and Regional Market Size
1.2.1 Global Overview
1.2.2 United States Overview
2 GLOBAL AND REGIONAL MARKET BY COMPANY
2.1 Global
2.1.1 Global Sales by Company
2.1.2 Global Price by Company
2.2 United States
2.2.1 United States Sales by Company
2.2.2 United States Price by Company
3 GLOBAL AND REGIONAL MARKET BY TYPE
3.1 Global
3.1.1 Global Sales by Type
3.1.2 Global Price by Type
3.2 United States
3.2.1 United States Sales by Type
3.2.2 United States Price by Type
4 GLOBAL AND REGIONAL MARKET BY APPLICATION
4.1 Global
4.1.1 Global Sales by Application
4.1.2 Global Price by Application
4.2 United States
4.2.1 United States Sales by Application
4.2.2 United States Price by Application
5 REGIONAL TRADE
5.1 Export
5.2 Import
6 KEY MANUFACTURERS
6.1 Ampac Holdings LLC.
6.1.2 Company Information
6.1.2 Product Specifications
6.1.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.2 Mega Fortris (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.
6.2.1 Company Information
6.2.2 Product Specifications
6.2.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.3 Coveris Holdings S.A.
6.3.1 Company Information
6.3.2 Product Specifications
6.3.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.4 SECUTAC
6.4.1 Company Information
6.4.2 Product Specifications
6.4.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.5 Dynaflex Private Limited
6.5.1 Company Information
6.5.2 Product Specifications
6.5.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.6 NELMAR Security Packaging Systems Inc.
6.6.1 Company Information
6.6.2 Product Specifications
6.6.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.7 KOROZO Ambalaj San.ve Tic A.S.
6.7.1 Company Information
6.7.2 Product Specifications
6.7.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.8 TruSeal Pty Ltd.
6.8.1 Company Information
6.8.2 Product Specifications
6.8.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.9 HSA International Group
6.9.1 Company Information
6.9.2 Product Specifications
6.9.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.10 KENT PLASTIK LTD. STI.
6.10.1 Company Information
6.10.2 Product Specifications
6.10.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
6.11 Harwal Ltd.
6.12 ITW Envopak Limited
6.13 Initial Packaging Solutions Ltd.
6.14 Vikela Aluvin Pty Ltd
6.15 A. Rifkin Co.
6.16 Packaging Horizons Corporation
6.17 Versapak International Ltd
6.18 Amerplast Ltd.
6.19 Securepac Industries Sdn Bhd
6.20 Adsure Packaging Limited
7 INDUSTRY UPSTREAM
7.1 Industry Chain
7.2 Raw Materials
8 MARKET ENVIRONMENT
8.1 SWOT
8.2 Porter's Five Forces
9 CONCLUSION
LIST OF TABLES
Table Global Market Sales Revenue by Company 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Revenue Share by Company 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Volume by Company 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Volume Share by Company 2013-2017
Table Global Price by Company 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Revenue by Company 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Revenue Share by Company 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Volume by Company 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Volume Share by Company 2013-2017
Table United States Price by Company 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Revenue by Type 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Revenue Share by Type 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Volume by Type 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Volume Share by Type 2013-2017
Table Global Price by Type 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Revenue by Type 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Revenue Share by Type 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Volume by Type 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Volume Share by Type 2013-2017
Table United States Price by Type 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Revenue by Application 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Revenue Share by Application 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Volume by Application 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Volume Share by Application 2013-2017
Table Global Price by Application 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Revenue by Application 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Revenue Share by Application 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Volume by Application 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Volume Share by Application 2013-2017
Table United States Price by Application 2013-2017
Table United States Export 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Table United States Export 2013-2017 (Volume)
Table United States Import 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Table United States Import 2013-2017 (Volume)
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Ampac Holdings LLC.
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Mega Fortris (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Coveris Holdings S.A.
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of SECUTAC
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Dynaflex Private Limited
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of NELMAR Security Packaging Systems Inc.
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of KOROZO Ambalaj San.ve Tic A.S.
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of TruSeal Pty Ltd.
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of HSA International Group
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of KENT PLASTIK LTD. STI.
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Harwal Ltd.
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of ITW Envopak Limited
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Initial Packaging Solutions Ltd.
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Vikela Aluvin Pty Ltd
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of A. Rifkin Co.
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Packaging Horizons Corporation
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Versapak International Ltd
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Amerplast Ltd.
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Securepac Industries Sdn Bhd
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Adsure Packaging Limited
Table Global Market Sales Revenue by Company 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Revenue Share by Company 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Volume by Company 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Volume Share by Company 2013-2017
Table Global Price by Company 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Revenue by Company 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Revenue Share by Company 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Volume by Company 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Volume Share by Company 2013-2017
Table United States Price by Company 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Revenue by Type 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Revenue Share by Type 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Volume by Type 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Volume Share by Type 2013-2017
Table Global Price by Type 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Revenue by Type 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Revenue Share by Type 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Volume by Type 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Volume Share by Type 2013-2017
Table United States Price by Type 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Revenue by Application 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Revenue Share by Application 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Volume by Application 2013-2017
Table Global Market Sales Volume Share by Application 2013-2017
Table Global Price by Application 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Revenue by Application 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Revenue Share by Application 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Volume by Application 2013-2017
Table United States Market Sales Volume Share by Application 2013-2017
Table United States Price by Application 2013-2017
Table United States Export 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Table United States Export 2013-2017 (Volume)
Table United States Import 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Table United States Import 2013-2017 (Volume)
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Ampac Holdings LLC.
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Mega Fortris (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Coveris Holdings S.A.
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of SECUTAC
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Dynaflex Private Limited
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of NELMAR Security Packaging Systems Inc.
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of KOROZO Ambalaj San.ve Tic A.S.
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of TruSeal Pty Ltd.
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of HSA International Group
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of KENT PLASTIK LTD. STI.
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Harwal Ltd.
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of ITW Envopak Limited
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Initial Packaging Solutions Ltd.
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Vikela Aluvin Pty Ltd
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of A. Rifkin Co.
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Packaging Horizons Corporation
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Versapak International Ltd
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Amerplast Ltd.
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Securepac Industries Sdn Bhd
Table Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin of Adsure Packaging Limited
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Plastic Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Plastic Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Plastic Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Plastic Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Paper Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Paper Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Paper Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Paper Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Fabric Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Fabric Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Fabric Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Fabric Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Financial Institutions Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Financial Institutions Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Financial Institutions Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Financial Institutions Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Hospitals Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Hospitals Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Hospitals Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Hospitals Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Casinos Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Casinos Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Casinos Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Casinos Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Government Organisations Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Government Organisations Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Government Organisations Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Government Organisations Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Others Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Others Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Others Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Others Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Global Security Bags Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Global Security Bags Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Global Security Bags Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Global Security Bags Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure United States Security Bags Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure United States Security Bags Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure United States Security Bags Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure United States Security Bags Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Global Market Sales Revenue Share by Company in 2017
Figure Global Market Sales Volume Share by Company in 2017
Figure United States Market Sales Revenue Share by Company in 2017
Figure United States Market Sales Volume Share by Company in 2017
Figure Global Market Sales Revenue Share by Type in 2017
Figure Global Market Sales Volume Share by Type in 2017
Figure United States Market Sales Revenue Share by Type in 2017
Figure United States Market Sales Volume Share by Type in 2017
Figure Global Market Sales Revenue Share by Application in 2017
Figure Global Market Sales Volume Share by Application in 2017
Figure United States Market Sales Revenue Share by Application in 2017
Figure United States Market Sales Volume Share by Application in 2017
Figure Industry Chain Overview
Figure Security Bags SWOT List
Figure Chemical & Material Porter's Five Forces
Figure Plastic Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Plastic Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Plastic Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Plastic Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Paper Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Paper Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Paper Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Paper Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Fabric Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Fabric Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Fabric Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Fabric Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Financial Institutions Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Financial Institutions Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Financial Institutions Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Financial Institutions Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Hospitals Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Hospitals Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Hospitals Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Hospitals Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Casinos Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Casinos Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Casinos Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Casinos Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Government Organisations Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Government Organisations Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Government Organisations Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Government Organisations Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Others Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Others Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Others Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Others Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Global Security Bags Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure Global Security Bags Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure Global Security Bags Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Global Security Bags Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure United States Security Bags Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Million USD)
Figure United States Security Bags Market Size and CAGR 2013-2017 (Volume)
Figure United States Security Bags Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Million USD)
Figure United States Security Bags Market Forecast and CAGR 2018-2025 (Volume)
Figure Global Market Sales Revenue Share by Company in 2017
Figure Global Market Sales Volume Share by Company in 2017
Figure United States Market Sales Revenue Share by Company in 2017
Figure United States Market Sales Volume Share by Company in 2017
Figure Global Market Sales Revenue Share by Type in 2017
Figure Global Market Sales Volume Share by Type in 2017
Figure United States Market Sales Revenue Share by Type in 2017
Figure United States Market Sales Volume Share by Type in 2017
Figure Global Market Sales Revenue Share by Application in 2017
Figure Global Market Sales Volume Share by Application in 2017
Figure United States Market Sales Revenue Share by Application in 2017
Figure United States Market Sales Volume Share by Application in 2017
Figure Industry Chain Overview
Figure Security Bags SWOT List
Figure Chemical & Material Porter's Five Forces
