Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Industry Market Analysis & outlook 2018-2023

January 2019 | 100 pages | ID: G4FCDB142D8EN
S&P Consulting

Abstracts

In the Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Industry Market Analysis & Forecast 2018-2023, the revenue is valued at USD XX million in 2017 and is expected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2023, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2018 and 2023. The production is estimated at XX million in 2017 and is forecasted to reach XX million by the end of 2023, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2018 and 2023.

It covers Regional Segment Analysis, Type, Appliction, Major Manufactures, Industry Chain Analysis, Competitive Insights and Macroeconomic Analysis.

Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Market: Regional Segment Analysis

• North America
• Europe
• China
• Japan
• Southeast Asia
• India

The Major players reported in the market include:

• company 1
• company 2
• company 3
• company 4
• company 5
• company 6
• company 7
• company 8
• company 9

Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Market: Product Segment Analysis

• Type 1
• Type 2
• Type 3

Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Market: Application Segment Analysis

• Application 1
• Application 2
• Application 3

Reasons for Buying this Report

• This report provides pin-point analysis for changing competitive dynamics
• It provides a forward looking perspective on different factors driving or restraining market growth
• It provides a six-year forecast assessed on the basis of how the market is predicted to grow
• It helps in understanding the key product segments and their future
• It provides pin point analysis of changing competition dynamics and keeps you ahead of competitors
• It helps in making informed business decisions by having complete insights of market and by making in-depth analysis of market segments

Contents

Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Industry Market Analysis & Forecast 2018-2023

CHAPTER 1 LIQUID APPLIED MEMBRANES(LAM) MARKET OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM)
1.2 Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Market Segmentation by Type in 2016
  1.2.1 Global Production Market Share of Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) by Type in 2016
  1.2.1 Type
  1.2.2 Type
  1.2.3 Type
1.3 Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Market Segmentation by Application in 2016
  1.3.1 Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Consumption Market Share by Application in 2016
  1.3.2 Application
  1.3.3 Application
  1.3.4 Application
1.4 Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Market Segmentation by Regions
  1.4.1 North America
  1.4.2 China
  1.4.3 Europe
  1.4.4 Southeast Asia
  1.4.5 Japan
  1.4.6 India
1.5 Global Market Size (Value) of Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) (2013-2023)
  1.5.1 Global Product Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2023)
  1.5.2 Global Product Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2023)

CHAPTER 2 GLOBAL ECONOMIC IMPACT ON LIQUID APPLIED MEMBRANES(LAM) INDUSTRY

2.1 Global Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
  2.1.1 Global Macroeconomic Analysis
  2.1.2 Global Macroeconomic Environment Development Trend
2.2 Global Macroeconomic Environment Analysis by Regions

CHAPTER 3 GLOBAL LIQUID APPLIED MEMBRANES(LAM) MARKET COMPETITION BY MANUFACTURERS

3.1 Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production and Share by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
3.2 Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
3.3 Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Average Price by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
3.4 Manufacturers Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Manufacturing Base Distribution, Production Area and Product Type
3.5 Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Market Competitive Situation and Trends
  3.5.1 Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Market Concentration Rate
  3.5.2 Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Manufacturers
  3.5.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

CHAPTER 4 GLOBAL LIQUID APPLIED MEMBRANES(LAM) PRODUCTION, REVENUE (VALUE) BY REGION (2013-2018)

4.1 Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production by Region (2013-2018)
4.2 Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
4.3 Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Revenue (Value) and Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
4.4 Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
4.5 North America Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  4.5.1 North AmericaLiquid Applied Membranes(LAM)Production and Market Share by Manufacturers
  4.5.2 North AmericaLiquid Applied Membranes(LAM)Production and Market Share by Type
  4.5.3 North AmericaLiquid Applied Membranes(LAM)Production and Market Share by Application
4.6 Europe Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  4.6.1 EuropeLiquid Applied Membranes(LAM)Production and Market Share by Manufacturers
  4.6.2 Europe Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production and Market Share by Type
  4.6.3 Europe Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production and Market Share by Application
4.7 China Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  4.7.1 ChinaLiquid Applied Membranes(LAM)Production and Market Share by Manufacturers
  4.7.2 China Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production and Market Share by Type
  4.7.3 China Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production and Market Share by Application
4.8 Japan Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  4.8.1 Japan Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production and Market Share by Manufacturers
  4.8.2 Japan Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production and Market Share by Type
  4.8.3 Japan Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production and Market Share by Application
4.9 Southeast Asia Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  4.9.1 Southeast Asia Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production and Market Share by Manufacturers
  4.9.2 Southeast Asia Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production and Market Share by Type
  4.9.3 Southeast Asia Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production and Market Share by Application
4.10 India Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  4.10.1 India Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production and Market Share by Manufacturers
  4.10.2 India Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production and Market Share by Type
  4.10.3 India Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production and Market Share by Application

CHAPTER 5 GLOBAL LIQUID APPLIED MEMBRANES(LAM) SUPPLY (PRODUCTION), CONSUMPTION, EXPORT, IMPORT BY REGIONS (2013-2018)

5.1 Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Consumption by Regions (2013-2018)
5.2 North America Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2013-2018)
5.3 Europe Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2013-2018)
5.4 China Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2013-2018)
5.5 Japan Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2013-2018)
5.6 Southeast Asia Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2013-2018)
5.7 India Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2013-2018)

CHAPTER 6 GLOBAL LIQUID APPLIED MEMBRANES(LAM) PRODUCTION, REVENUE (VALUE), PRICE TREND BY TYPE

6.1 Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
6.2 Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Revenue and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
6.3 Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Price by Type (2013-2018)
6.4 Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production Growth by Type (2013-2018)

CHAPTER 7 GLOBAL LIQUID APPLIED MEMBRANES(LAM) MARKET ANALYSIS BY APPLICATION

7.1 Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Consumption and Market Share by Application (2013-2018)
7.2 Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Revenue and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
7.3 Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2013-2018)
7.4 Market Drivers and Opportunities
  7.4.1 Potential Applications
  7.4.2 Emerging Markets/Countries

CHAPTER 8 GLOBAL LIQUID APPLIED MEMBRANES(LAM) MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS

8.1 company
  8.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  8.1.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  8.1.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  8.1.4 Business Overview
8.2 company
  8.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  8.2.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  8.2.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  8.2.4 Business Overview
8.3 company
  8.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  8.3.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  8.3.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  8.3.4 Business Overview
8.4 company
  8.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  8.4.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  8.4.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  8.4.4 Business Overview
8.5 company
  8.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  8.5.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  8.5.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  8.5.4 Business Overview
8.6 company
  8.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  8.6.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  8.6.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  8.6.4 Business Overview
8.7 company
  8.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  8.7.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  8.7.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  8.7.4 Business Overview
8.8 company
  8.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  8.8.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  8.8.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  8.8.4 Business Overview
8.9 company
  8.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  8.9.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  8.9.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  8.9.4 Business Overview

CHAPTER 9 LIQUID APPLIED MEMBRANES(LAM) MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

9.1 Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Key Raw Materials Analysis
  9.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  9.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  9.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  9.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
9.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  9.2.1 Raw Materials
  9.2.2 Labor Cost
  9.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
9.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM)

CHAPTER 10 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

10.1 Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Industrial Chain Analysis
10.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
10.3 Raw Materials Sources of Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Major Manufacturers in 2016
10.4 Downstream Buyers

CHAPTER 11 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

11.1 Marketing Channel
  11.1.1 Direct Marketing
  11.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  11.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
11.2 Market Positioning
  11.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  11.2.2 Brand Strategy
  11.2.3 Target Client
11.3 Distributors/Traders List

CHAPTER 12 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

12.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  12.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  12.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
12.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
12.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

CHAPTER 13 GLOBAL LIQUID APPLIED MEMBRANES(LAM) MARKET FORECAST (2018-2023)

13.1 Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Revenue Forecast (2018-2023)
13.2 Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Consumption Forecast by Regions (2018-2023)
13.3 Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production Forecast by Type (2018-2023)
13.4 Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Consumption Forecast by Application (2018-2023)
13.5 Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Price Forecast (2018-2023)

CHAPTER 14 APPENDIX

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Picture of Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM)
Figure Global Production Market Share of Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) by Type 2016
Figure Product Picture of Type I
Table Major Manufacturers of Type I
Figure Product Picture of Type II
Table Major Manufacturers of Type II
Figure Product Picture of Type III
Table Major Manufacturers of Type III
Table Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Consumption Market Share by Application in 2016
Figure Application 1 Examples
Figure Application 2 Examples
Figure Application 3 Examples
Figure North America Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2023)
Figure Europe Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2023)
Figure China Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2023)
Figure Japan Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2023)
Figure Southeast Asia Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2023)
Figure India Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2023)
Figure Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Revenue (Million UDS) and Growth Rate (2013-2023)
Table Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Capacity of Key Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
Table Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Capacity Market Share by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
Figure Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Capacity of Key Manufacturers in 2016
Figure Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Capacity of Key Manufacturers in 2017
Table Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production of Key Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
Table Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production Share by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
Figure 2015 Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production Share by Manufacturers
Figure 2016 Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production Share by Manufacturers
Table Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Revenue (Million USD) by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
Table Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
Table 2015 Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table 2016 Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table Global Market Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Average Price of Key Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
Figure Global Market Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Average Price of Key Manufacturers in 2016
Table Manufacturers Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area
Table Manufacturers Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Product Type
Figure Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Market Share of Top 3 Manufacturers
Figure Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Market Share of Top 5 Manufacturers
Table Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Capacity by Regions (2013-2018)
Figure Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Capacity Market Share by Regions (2013-2018)
Figure Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Capacity Market Share by Regions (2013-2018)
Figure 2015 Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Capacity Market Share by Regions
Table Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production by Regions (2013-2018)
Figure Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production and Market Share by Regions (2013-2018)
Figure Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production Market Share by Regions (2013-2018)
Figure 2015 Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production Market Share by Regions
Table Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Revenue by Regions (2013-2018)
Table Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Revenue Market Share by Regions (2013-2018)
Table 2015 Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Revenue Market Share by Regions
Table Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table North America Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table Europe Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table China Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table Japan Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table Southeast Asia Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table India Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Consumption Market by Regions (2013-2018)
Table Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Consumption Market Share by Regions (2013-2018)
Figure Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Consumption Market Share by Regions (2013-2018)
Figure 2015 Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Consumption Market Share by Regions
Table North America Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2013-2018)
Table Europe Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2013-2018)
Table China Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2013-2018)
Table Japan Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2013-2018)
Table Southeast Asia Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2013-2018)
Table India Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2013-2018)
Table Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production by Type (2013-2018)
Table Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production Share by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Production Market Share of Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) by Type (2013-2018)
Figure 2015 Production Market Share of Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) by Type
Table Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Revenue by Type (2013-2018)
Table Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Revenue Share by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Production Revenue Share of Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) by Type (2013-2018)
Figure 2015 Revenue Market Share of Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) by Type
Table Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Price by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production Growth by Type (2013-2018)
Table Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Consumption by Application (2013-2018)
Table Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Consumption Market Share by Application (2013-2018)
Figure Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Consumption Market Share by Application in 2016
Table Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2013-2018)
Figure Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2013-2018)
Table company 1 Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Production Area and Its Competitors
Table company 1 Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table company 1 Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Market Share (2013-2018)
Table company 2 Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Production Area and Its Competitors
Table company 2 Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table company 2 Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Market Share (2013-2018)
Table company 3 Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Production Area and Its Competitors
Table company 3 Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table company 3 Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Market Share (2013-2018)
Table company 4 Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Production Area and Its Competitors
Table company 4 Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table company 4 Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Market Share (2013-2018)
Table company 5 Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Production Area and Its Competitors
Table company 5 Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table company 5 Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Market Share (2013-2018)
Table company 6 Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Production Area and Its Competitors
Table company 6 Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table company 6 Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Market Share (2013-2018)
Table company 7 Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Production Area and Its Competitors
Table company 7 Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table company 7 Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Market Share (2013-2018)
Table company 8 Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Production Area and Its Competitors
Table company 8 Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table company 8 Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Market Share (2013-2018)
Table company 9 Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Production Area and Its Competitors
Table company 9 Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table company 9 Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Market Share (2013-2018)
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM)
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM)
Figure Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Major Manufacturers in 2016
Table Major Buyers of Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM)
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2023)
Figure Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2023)
Table Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production Forecast by Regions (2018-2023)
Table Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Consumption Forecast by Regions (2018-2023)
Table Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Production Forecast by Type (2018-2023)
Table Global Liquid Applied Membranes(LAM) Consumption Forecast by Application (2018-2023)