Global HFCS Market Report 2021
At the beginning of 2020, COVID-19 disease began to spread around the world, millions of people worldwide were infected with COVID-19 disease, and major countries around the world have implemented foot prohibitions and work stoppage orders. Except for the medical supplies and life support products industries, most industries have been greatly impacted, and HFCS industries have also been greatly affected.
In the past few years, the HFCS market experienced a growth of xx, the global market size of HFCS reached xx million $ in 2020, of what is about xx million $ in 2015.
From 2015 to 2019, the growth rate of global HFCS market size was in the range of xxx%. At the end of 2019, COVID-19 began to erupt in China, Due to the huge decrease of global economy; we forecast the growth rate of global economy will show a decrease of about 4%, due to this reason, HFCS market size in 2020 will be xx with a growth rate of xxx%. This is xxx percentage points lower than in previous years.
As of the date of the report, there have been more than 20 million confirmed cases of CVOID-19 worldwide, and the epidemic has not been effectively controlled. Therefore, we predict that the global epidemic will be basically controlled by the end of 2020 and the global HFCS market size will reach xx million $ in 2025, with a CAGR of xxx% between 2020-2025.
This Report covers the manufacturers’ data, including: shipment, price, revenue, gross profit, interview record, business distribution etc., these data help the consumer know about the competitors better. This report also covers all the regions and countries of the world, which shows a regional development status, including market size, volume and value, as well as price data.
Besides, the report also covers segment data, including: type segment, industry segment, channel segment etc. cover different segment market size, both volume and value. Also cover different industries clients information, which is very important for the manufacturers. If you need more information, please contact BisReport
Section 1: Free——Definition
Section (2 3): 1200 USD——Manufacturer Detail
ADM
Cargill
Tate & Lyle
Ingredion Incorporated
Roquette
Daesang
Showa Sangyo
Hungrana
COFCO Group
Xiangchi
Baolingbao
Section 4: 900 USD——Region Segmentation
North America Country (United States, Canada)
South America
Asia Country (China, Japan, India, Korea)
Europe Country (Germany, UK, France, Italy)
Other Country (Middle East, Africa, GCC)
Section (5 6 7): 500 USD——
Product Type Segmentation
HFCS-42
HFCS-55
Industry Segmentation
Beverages
Baked Foods
Dairy & Desserts
Channel (Direct Sales, Distributor) Segmentation
Section 8: 400 USD——Trend (2020-2025)
Section 9: 300 USD——Product Type Detail
Section 10: 700 USD——Downstream Consumer
Section 11: 200 USD——Cost Structure
Section 12: 500 USD——Conclusion
In the past few years, the HFCS market experienced a growth of xx, the global market size of HFCS reached xx million $ in 2020, of what is about xx million $ in 2015.
From 2015 to 2019, the growth rate of global HFCS market size was in the range of xxx%. At the end of 2019, COVID-19 began to erupt in China, Due to the huge decrease of global economy; we forecast the growth rate of global economy will show a decrease of about 4%, due to this reason, HFCS market size in 2020 will be xx with a growth rate of xxx%. This is xxx percentage points lower than in previous years.
As of the date of the report, there have been more than 20 million confirmed cases of CVOID-19 worldwide, and the epidemic has not been effectively controlled. Therefore, we predict that the global epidemic will be basically controlled by the end of 2020 and the global HFCS market size will reach xx million $ in 2025, with a CAGR of xxx% between 2020-2025.
This Report covers the manufacturers’ data, including: shipment, price, revenue, gross profit, interview record, business distribution etc., these data help the consumer know about the competitors better. This report also covers all the regions and countries of the world, which shows a regional development status, including market size, volume and value, as well as price data.
Besides, the report also covers segment data, including: type segment, industry segment, channel segment etc. cover different segment market size, both volume and value. Also cover different industries clients information, which is very important for the manufacturers. If you need more information, please contact BisReport
Section 1: Free——Definition
Section (2 3): 1200 USD——Manufacturer Detail
ADM
Cargill
Tate & Lyle
Ingredion Incorporated
Roquette
Daesang
Showa Sangyo
Hungrana
COFCO Group
Xiangchi
Baolingbao
Section 4: 900 USD——Region Segmentation
North America Country (United States, Canada)
South America
Asia Country (China, Japan, India, Korea)
Europe Country (Germany, UK, France, Italy)
Other Country (Middle East, Africa, GCC)
Section (5 6 7): 500 USD——
Product Type Segmentation
HFCS-42
HFCS-55
Industry Segmentation
Beverages
Baked Foods
Dairy & Desserts
Channel (Direct Sales, Distributor) Segmentation
Section 8: 400 USD——Trend (2020-2025)
Section 9: 300 USD——Product Type Detail
Section 10: 700 USD——Downstream Consumer
Section 11: 200 USD——Cost Structure
Section 12: 500 USD——Conclusion
SECTION 1 HFCS PRODUCT DEFINITION
SECTION 2 GLOBAL HFCS MARKET MANUFACTURER SHARE AND MARKET OVERVIEW
2.1 Global Manufacturer HFCS Shipments
2.2 Global Manufacturer HFCS Business Revenue
2.3 Global HFCS Market Overview
2.4 COVID-19 Impact on HFCS Industry
SECTION 3 MANUFACTURER HFCS BUSINESS INTRODUCTION
3.1 ADM HFCS Business Introduction
3.1.1 ADM HFCS Shipments, Price, Revenue and Gross profit 2015-2020
3.1.2 ADM HFCS Business Distribution by Region
3.1.3 ADM Interview Record
3.1.4 ADM HFCS Business Profile
3.1.5 ADM HFCS Product Specification
3.2 Cargill HFCS Business Introduction
3.2.1 Cargill HFCS Shipments, Price, Revenue and Gross profit 2015-2020
3.2.2 Cargill HFCS Business Distribution by Region
3.2.3 Interview Record
3.2.4 Cargill HFCS Business Overview
3.2.5 Cargill HFCS Product Specification
3.3 Tate & Lyle HFCS Business Introduction
3.3.1 Tate & Lyle HFCS Shipments, Price, Revenue and Gross profit 2015-2020
3.3.2 Tate & Lyle HFCS Business Distribution by Region
3.3.3 Interview Record
3.3.4 Tate & Lyle HFCS Business Overview
3.3.5 Tate & Lyle HFCS Product Specification
3.4 Ingredion Incorporated HFCS Business Introduction
3.5 Roquette HFCS Business Introduction
3.6 Daesang HFCS Business Introduction
SECTION 4 GLOBAL HFCS MARKET SEGMENTATION (REGION LEVEL)
4.1 North America Country
4.1.1 United States HFCS Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.1.2 Canada HFCS Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.2 South America Country
4.2.1 South America HFCS Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.3 Asia Country
4.3.1 China HFCS Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.3.2 Japan HFCS Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.3.3 India HFCS Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.3.4 Korea HFCS Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.4 Europe Country
4.4.1 Germany HFCS Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.4.2 UK HFCS Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.4.3 France HFCS Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.4.4 Italy HFCS Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.4.5 Europe HFCS Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.5 Other Country and Region
4.5.1 Middle East HFCS Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.5.2 Africa HFCS Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.5.3 GCC HFCS Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.6 Global HFCS Market Segmentation (Region Level) Analysis 2015-2020
4.7 Global HFCS Market Segmentation (Region Level) Analysis
SECTION 5 GLOBAL HFCS MARKET SEGMENTATION (PRODUCT TYPE LEVEL)
5.1 Global HFCS Market Segmentation (Product Type Level) Market Size 2015-2020
5.2 Different HFCS Product Type Price 2015-2020
5.3 Global HFCS Market Segmentation (Product Type Level) Analysis
SECTION 6 GLOBAL HFCS MARKET SEGMENTATION (INDUSTRY LEVEL)
6.1 Global HFCS Market Segmentation (Industry Level) Market Size 2015-2020
6.2 Different Industry Price 2015-2020
6.3 Global HFCS Market Segmentation (Industry Level) Analysis
SECTION 7 GLOBAL HFCS MARKET SEGMENTATION (CHANNEL LEVEL)
7.1 Global HFCS Market Segmentation (Channel Level) Sales Volume and Share 2015-2020
7.2 Global HFCS Market Segmentation (Channel Level) Analysis
SECTION 8 HFCS MARKET FORECAST 2020-2025
8.1 HFCS Segmentation Market Forecast (Region Level)
8.2 HFCS Segmentation Market Forecast (Product Type Level)
8.3 HFCS Segmentation Market Forecast (Industry Level)
8.4 HFCS Segmentation Market Forecast (Channel Level)
SECTION 9 HFCS SEGMENTATION PRODUCT TYPE
9.1 HFCS-42 Product Introduction
9.2 HFCS-55 Product Introduction
SECTION 10 HFCS SEGMENTATION INDUSTRY
10.1 Beverages Clients
10.2 Baked Foods Clients
10.3 Dairy & Desserts Clients
SECTION 11 HFCS COST OF PRODUCTION ANALYSIS
11.1 Raw Material Cost Analysis
11.2 Technology Cost Analysis
11.3 Labor Cost Analysis
11.4 Cost Overview
SECTION 12 CONCLUSION
SECTION 2 GLOBAL HFCS MARKET MANUFACTURER SHARE AND MARKET OVERVIEW
2.1 Global Manufacturer HFCS Shipments
2.2 Global Manufacturer HFCS Business Revenue
2.3 Global HFCS Market Overview
2.4 COVID-19 Impact on HFCS Industry
SECTION 3 MANUFACTURER HFCS BUSINESS INTRODUCTION
3.1 ADM HFCS Business Introduction
3.1.1 ADM HFCS Shipments, Price, Revenue and Gross profit 2015-2020
3.1.2 ADM HFCS Business Distribution by Region
3.1.3 ADM Interview Record
3.1.4 ADM HFCS Business Profile
3.1.5 ADM HFCS Product Specification
3.2 Cargill HFCS Business Introduction
3.2.1 Cargill HFCS Shipments, Price, Revenue and Gross profit 2015-2020
3.2.2 Cargill HFCS Business Distribution by Region
3.2.3 Interview Record
3.2.4 Cargill HFCS Business Overview
3.2.5 Cargill HFCS Product Specification
3.3 Tate & Lyle HFCS Business Introduction
3.3.1 Tate & Lyle HFCS Shipments, Price, Revenue and Gross profit 2015-2020
3.3.2 Tate & Lyle HFCS Business Distribution by Region
3.3.3 Interview Record
3.3.4 Tate & Lyle HFCS Business Overview
3.3.5 Tate & Lyle HFCS Product Specification
3.4 Ingredion Incorporated HFCS Business Introduction
3.5 Roquette HFCS Business Introduction
3.6 Daesang HFCS Business Introduction
SECTION 4 GLOBAL HFCS MARKET SEGMENTATION (REGION LEVEL)
4.1 North America Country
4.1.1 United States HFCS Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.1.2 Canada HFCS Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.2 South America Country
4.2.1 South America HFCS Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.3 Asia Country
4.3.1 China HFCS Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.3.2 Japan HFCS Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.3.3 India HFCS Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.3.4 Korea HFCS Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.4 Europe Country
4.4.1 Germany HFCS Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.4.2 UK HFCS Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.4.3 France HFCS Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.4.4 Italy HFCS Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.4.5 Europe HFCS Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.5 Other Country and Region
4.5.1 Middle East HFCS Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.5.2 Africa HFCS Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.5.3 GCC HFCS Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.6 Global HFCS Market Segmentation (Region Level) Analysis 2015-2020
4.7 Global HFCS Market Segmentation (Region Level) Analysis
SECTION 5 GLOBAL HFCS MARKET SEGMENTATION (PRODUCT TYPE LEVEL)
5.1 Global HFCS Market Segmentation (Product Type Level) Market Size 2015-2020
5.2 Different HFCS Product Type Price 2015-2020
5.3 Global HFCS Market Segmentation (Product Type Level) Analysis
SECTION 6 GLOBAL HFCS MARKET SEGMENTATION (INDUSTRY LEVEL)
6.1 Global HFCS Market Segmentation (Industry Level) Market Size 2015-2020
6.2 Different Industry Price 2015-2020
6.3 Global HFCS Market Segmentation (Industry Level) Analysis
SECTION 7 GLOBAL HFCS MARKET SEGMENTATION (CHANNEL LEVEL)
7.1 Global HFCS Market Segmentation (Channel Level) Sales Volume and Share 2015-2020
7.2 Global HFCS Market Segmentation (Channel Level) Analysis
SECTION 8 HFCS MARKET FORECAST 2020-2025
8.1 HFCS Segmentation Market Forecast (Region Level)
8.2 HFCS Segmentation Market Forecast (Product Type Level)
8.3 HFCS Segmentation Market Forecast (Industry Level)
8.4 HFCS Segmentation Market Forecast (Channel Level)
SECTION 9 HFCS SEGMENTATION PRODUCT TYPE
9.1 HFCS-42 Product Introduction
9.2 HFCS-55 Product Introduction
SECTION 10 HFCS SEGMENTATION INDUSTRY
10.1 Beverages Clients
10.2 Baked Foods Clients
10.3 Dairy & Desserts Clients
SECTION 11 HFCS COST OF PRODUCTION ANALYSIS
11.1 Raw Material Cost Analysis
11.2 Technology Cost Analysis
11.3 Labor Cost Analysis
11.4 Cost Overview
SECTION 12 CONCLUSION
CHART AND FIGURE
Figure HFCS Product Picture from ADM
Chart 2015-2020 Global Manufacturer HFCS Shipments (Units)
Chart 2015-2020 Global Manufacturer HFCS Shipments Share
Chart 2015-2020 Global Manufacturer HFCS Business Revenue (Million USD)
Chart 2015-2020 Global Manufacturer HFCS Business Revenue Share
Chart ADM HFCS Shipments, Price, Revenue and Gross profit 2015-2020
Chart ADM HFCS Business Distribution
Chart ADM Interview Record (Partly)
Figure ADM HFCS Product Picture
Chart ADM HFCS Business Profile
Table ADM HFCS Product Specification
Chart Cargill HFCS Shipments, Price, Revenue and Gross profit 2015-2020
Chart Cargill HFCS Business Distribution
Chart Cargill Interview Record (Partly)
Figure Cargill HFCS Product Picture
Chart Cargill HFCS Business Overview
Table Cargill HFCS Product Specification
Chart Tate & Lyle HFCS Shipments, Price, Revenue and Gross profit 2015-2020
Chart Tate & Lyle HFCS Business Distribution
Chart Tate & Lyle Interview Record (Partly)
Figure Tate & Lyle HFCS Product Picture
Chart Tate & Lyle HFCS Business Overview
Table Tate & Lyle HFCS Product Specification
3.4 Ingredion Incorporated HFCS Business Introduction
Chart United States HFCS Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart United States HFCS Sales Price ($/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart Canada HFCS Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart Canada HFCS Sales Price ($/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart South America HFCS Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart South America HFCS Sales Price ($/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart China HFCS Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart China HFCS Sales Price ($/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart Japan HFCS Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart Japan HFCS Sales Price ($/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart India HFCS Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart India HFCS Sales Price ($/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart Korea HFCS Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart Korea HFCS Sales Price ($/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart Germany HFCS Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart Germany HFCS Sales Price ($/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart UK HFCS Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart UK HFCS Sales Price ($/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart France HFCS Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart France HFCS Sales Price ($/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart Italy HFCS Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart Italy HFCS Sales Price ($/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart Europe HFCS Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart Europe HFCS Sales Price ($/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart Middle East HFCS Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart Middle East HFCS Sales Price ($/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart Africa HFCS Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart Africa HFCS Sales Price ($/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart GCC HFCS Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart GCC HFCS Sales Price ($/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart Global HFCS Market Segmentation (Region Level) Sales Volume 2015-2020
Chart Global HFCS Market Segmentation (Region Level) Market size 2015-2020
Chart HFCS Market Segmentation (Product Type Level) Volume (Units) 2015-2020
Chart HFCS Market Segmentation (Product Type Level) Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart Different HFCS Product Type Price ($/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart HFCS Market Segmentation (Industry Level) Market Size (Volume) 2015-2020
Chart HFCS Market Segmentation (Industry Level) Market Size (Share) 2015-2020
Chart HFCS Market Segmentation (Industry Level) Market Size (Value) 2015-2020
Chart Global HFCS Market Segmentation (Channel Level) Sales Volume (Units) 2015-2020
Chart Global HFCS Market Segmentation (Channel Level) Share 2015-2020
Chart HFCS Segmentation Market Forecast (Region Level) 2020-2025
Chart HFCS Segmentation Market Forecast (Product Type Level) 2020-2025
Chart HFCS Segmentation Market Forecast (Industry Level) 2020-2025
Chart HFCS Segmentation Market Forecast (Channel Level) 2020-2025
Chart HFCS-42 Product Figure
Chart HFCS-42 Product Advantage and Disadvantage Comparison
Chart HFCS-55 Product Figure
Chart HFCS-55 Product Advantage and Disadvantage Comparison
Chart Beverages Clients
Chart Baked Foods Clients
Chart Dairy & Desserts Clients
Figure HFCS Product Picture from ADM
Chart 2015-2020 Global Manufacturer HFCS Shipments (Units)
Chart 2015-2020 Global Manufacturer HFCS Shipments Share
Chart 2015-2020 Global Manufacturer HFCS Business Revenue (Million USD)
Chart 2015-2020 Global Manufacturer HFCS Business Revenue Share
Chart ADM HFCS Shipments, Price, Revenue and Gross profit 2015-2020
Chart ADM HFCS Business Distribution
Chart ADM Interview Record (Partly)
Figure ADM HFCS Product Picture
Chart ADM HFCS Business Profile
Table ADM HFCS Product Specification
Chart Cargill HFCS Shipments, Price, Revenue and Gross profit 2015-2020
Chart Cargill HFCS Business Distribution
Chart Cargill Interview Record (Partly)
Figure Cargill HFCS Product Picture
Chart Cargill HFCS Business Overview
Table Cargill HFCS Product Specification
Chart Tate & Lyle HFCS Shipments, Price, Revenue and Gross profit 2015-2020
Chart Tate & Lyle HFCS Business Distribution
Chart Tate & Lyle Interview Record (Partly)
Figure Tate & Lyle HFCS Product Picture
Chart Tate & Lyle HFCS Business Overview
Table Tate & Lyle HFCS Product Specification
3.4 Ingredion Incorporated HFCS Business Introduction
Chart United States HFCS Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart United States HFCS Sales Price ($/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart Canada HFCS Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart Canada HFCS Sales Price ($/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart South America HFCS Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart South America HFCS Sales Price ($/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart China HFCS Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart China HFCS Sales Price ($/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart Japan HFCS Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart Japan HFCS Sales Price ($/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart India HFCS Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart India HFCS Sales Price ($/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart Korea HFCS Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart Korea HFCS Sales Price ($/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart Germany HFCS Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart Germany HFCS Sales Price ($/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart UK HFCS Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart UK HFCS Sales Price ($/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart France HFCS Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart France HFCS Sales Price ($/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart Italy HFCS Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart Italy HFCS Sales Price ($/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart Europe HFCS Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart Europe HFCS Sales Price ($/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart Middle East HFCS Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart Middle East HFCS Sales Price ($/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart Africa HFCS Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart Africa HFCS Sales Price ($/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart GCC HFCS Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart GCC HFCS Sales Price ($/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart Global HFCS Market Segmentation (Region Level) Sales Volume 2015-2020
Chart Global HFCS Market Segmentation (Region Level) Market size 2015-2020
Chart HFCS Market Segmentation (Product Type Level) Volume (Units) 2015-2020
Chart HFCS Market Segmentation (Product Type Level) Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart Different HFCS Product Type Price ($/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart HFCS Market Segmentation (Industry Level) Market Size (Volume) 2015-2020
Chart HFCS Market Segmentation (Industry Level) Market Size (Share) 2015-2020
Chart HFCS Market Segmentation (Industry Level) Market Size (Value) 2015-2020
Chart Global HFCS Market Segmentation (Channel Level) Sales Volume (Units) 2015-2020
Chart Global HFCS Market Segmentation (Channel Level) Share 2015-2020
Chart HFCS Segmentation Market Forecast (Region Level) 2020-2025
Chart HFCS Segmentation Market Forecast (Product Type Level) 2020-2025
Chart HFCS Segmentation Market Forecast (Industry Level) 2020-2025
Chart HFCS Segmentation Market Forecast (Channel Level) 2020-2025
Chart HFCS-42 Product Figure
Chart HFCS-42 Product Advantage and Disadvantage Comparison
Chart HFCS-55 Product Figure
Chart HFCS-55 Product Advantage and Disadvantage Comparison
Chart Beverages Clients
Chart Baked Foods Clients
Chart Dairy & Desserts Clients
