Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales Market Report Forecast 2017-2021

March 2017 | 100 pages | ID: G1E2D92F059EN
S&P Consulting

Abstracts

The report offers a comprehensive evaluation of the market. It does so via in-depth insights, understanding market evolution by tracking historical developments, and analyzing the present scenario and future projections based on optimistic and likely scenarios. Each research report serves as a repository of analysis and information for every facet of the market, including but not limited to: Regional markets, technology developments, types, applications, and the competitive landscape.

The study is a source of reliable data on:

• Key market segments and sub-segments
• Evolving market trends and dynamics
• Changing supply and demand scenarios
• Quantifying market opportunities through market sizing and market forecasting
• Tracking current trends/opportunities/challenges
• Competitive insights
• Opportunity mapping in terms of technological breakthroughs

This research report analyzes this market on the basis of its market segments, major geographies, and current market trends. Geographies analyzed under this research report include:
United States
China
Europe
Japan

The Major players reported in the market include:

Beghin Meiji (France)
Beneo-Orafti SA (Belgium)
Cargill, Inc. (US)
Cosucra Groupe Warcoing SA (Belgium)
Ingredion Incorporated (US)
Royal Cosun (The Netherlands)
Sensus (The Netherlands)
Yakult Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd. (Japan)
Major Manufacturers of Prebiotic Food Products

Product Segment Analysis:
Type 1
Type 2
Type 3

Application Segment Analysis:
Animal Feed
Dietary Supplements
Application 3

Reasons for Buying this Report

• This report provides pin-point analysis for changing competitive dynamics
• It provides a forward looking perspective on different factors driving or restraining market growth
• It provides a six-year forecast assessed on the basis of how the market is predicted to grow
• It helps in understanding the key product segments and their future
• It provides pin point analysis of changing competition dynamics and keeps you ahead of competitors
• It helps in making informed business decisions by having complete insights of market and by making in-depth analysis of market segments
• It provides distinctive graphics and exemplified analysis of major market segments

Contents

Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales Market Report Forecast 2017-2021

1 FRUCTO-OLIGOSACCARIDE (FOS) MARKET OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS)
1.2 Classification of Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS)
  1.2.1 Type
  1.2.2 Type
  1.2.3 Type
1.3 Application of Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS)
  1.3.2 Animal Feed
  1.3.3 Dietary Supplements
  1.3.4 Application
1.4 Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Market States Status and Prospect (2012-2021) by Regions
  1.4.1 United States
  1.4.2 China
  1.4.3 Europe
  1.4.4 Japan
1.5 Global Market Size of Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) (2012-2021)
  1.5.1 Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
  1.5.2 Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2021)

2 GLOBAL ECONOMIC IMPACT ON FRUCTO-OLIGOSACCARIDE (FOS) INDUSTRY

2.1 Global Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
  2.1.1 Global Macroeconomic Analysis
  2.1.2 Global Macroeconomic Environment Development Trend
2.2 Global Macroeconomic Environment Analysis by Regions

3 FRUCTO-OLIGOSACCARIDE (FOS) MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

3.1 Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Key Raw Materials Analysis
  3.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  3.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  3.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  3.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
3.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  3.2.1 Raw Materials
  3.2.2 Labor Cost
  3.2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS)

4 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

4.1 Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Industrial Chain Analysis
4.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
4.3 Raw Materials Sources of Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Major Manufacturers in 2015
4.4 Downstream Buyers

5 GLOBAL FRUCTO-OLIGOSACCARIDE (FOS) COMPETITION BY MANUFACTURERS, TYPE AND APPLICATION

5.1 Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Market Competition by Manufacturers
  5.1.1 Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales and Market Share of Key Manufacturers (2012-2017)
  5.1.2 Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
5.2 Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) (Volume and Value) by Type
  5.5.1 Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
  5.5.2 Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Revenue and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
5.3 Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) (Volume and Value) by Regions
  5.3.1 Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales and Market Share by Regions (2012-2017)
  5.3.2 Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2012-2017)
5.4 Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) (Volume) by Application

6 UNITED STATES FRUCTO-OLIGOSACCARIDE (FOS) (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

6.1 United States Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales and Value (2012-2017)
  6.1.1 United States Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  6.1.2 United States Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  6.1.3 United States Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
6.2 United States Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
6.3 United States Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales and Market Share by Type
6.4 United States Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales and Market Share by Application

7 CHINA FRUCTO-OLIGOSACCARIDE (FOS) (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

7.1 China Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales and Value (2012-2017)
  7.1.1 China Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  7.1.2 China Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  7.1.3 China Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
7.2 China Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
7.3 China Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales and Market Share by Type
7.4 China Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales and Market Share by Application

8 EUROPE FRUCTO-OLIGOSACCARIDE (FOS) (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

8.1 Europe Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales and Value (2012-2017)
  8.1.1 Europe Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  8.1.2 Europe Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  8.1.3 Europe Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
8.2 Europe Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
8.3 Europe Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales and Market Share by Type
8.4 Europe Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales and Market Share by Application

9 JAPAN FRUCTO-OLIGOSACCARIDE (FOS) (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

9.1 Japan Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales and Value (2012-2017)
  9.1.1 Japan Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  9.1.2 Japan Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  9.1.3 Japan Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
9.2 Japan Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
9.3 Japan Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales and Market Share by Type
9.4 Japan Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales and Market Share by Application

10 GLOBAL FRUCTO-OLIGOSACCARIDE (FOS) MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS

10.1 Beghin Meiji (France)
  10.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.1.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  10.1.3 Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  10.1.4 Business Overview
10.2 Beneo-Orafti SA (Belgium)
  10.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.2.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  10.2.3 Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  10.2.4 Business Overview
10.3 Cargill, Inc. (US)
  10.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.3.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  10.3.3 Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  10.3.4 Business Overview
10.4 Cosucra Groupe Warcoing SA (Belgium)
  10.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.4.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  10.4.3 Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  10.4.4 Business Overview
10.5 Ingredion Incorporated (US)
  10.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.5.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  10.5.3 Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  10.5.4 Business Overview
10.6 Royal Cosun (The Netherlands)
  10.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.6.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  10.6.3 Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  10.6.4 Business Overview
10.7 Sensus (The Netherlands)
  10.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.7.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  10.7.3 Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  10.7.4 Business Overview
10.8 Yakult Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd. (Japan)
  10.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.8.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  10.8.3 Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  10.8.4 Business Overview
10.9 Major Manufacturers of Prebiotic Food Products
  10.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.9.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  10.9.3 Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  10.9.4 Business Overview

11 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

11.1 Marketing Channel
  11.1.1 Direct Marketing
  11.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  11.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
11.2 Market Positioning
  11.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  11.2.2 Brand Strategy
  11.2.3 Target Client
11.3 Distributors/Traders List

12 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

12.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  12.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  12.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
12.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
12.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

13 GLOBAL FRUCTO-OLIGOSACCARIDE (FOS) MARKET FORECAST (2017-2021)

13.1 Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales, Revenue Forecast (2017-2021)
13.2 Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales Forecast by Regions (2017-2021)
13.3 Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales Forecast by Type (2017-2021)
13.4 Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales Forecast by Application (2017-2021)

14 APPENDIX

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Picture of Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS)
Table Classification of Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS)
Figure Global Sales Market Share of Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) by Type in 2015
Table Applications of Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS)
Figure Global Sales Market Share of Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) by Application in 2015
Figure United States Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
Figure China Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
Figure Europe Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
Figure Japan Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
Figure Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
Figure Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
Table Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales of Key Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Figure 2015 Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales Share by Manufacturers
Figure 2016 Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales Share by Manufacturers
Table Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Revenue by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table 2015 Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table 2016 Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Sales Market Share of Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales Growth Rate by Type (2012-2017)
Table Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Revenue and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Revenue Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Revenue Growth Rate by Type (2012-2017)
Table Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales and Market Share by Regions (2012-2017)
Table Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales Share by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure Sales Market Share of Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales Growth Rate by Regions (2012-2017)
Table Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2012-2017)
Table Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Revenue Share by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Revenue Growth Rate by Regions (2012-2017)
Table Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales and Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
Table Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales Share by Application (2012-2017)
Figure Sales Market Share of Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) by Application (2012-2017)
Figure Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)
Figure United States Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure United States Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure United States Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table United States Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table United States Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Market Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table United States Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales by Type (2012-2017)
Table United States Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table United States Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales by Application (2012-2017)
Table United States Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
Figure China Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure China Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure China Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table China Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table China Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Market Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table China Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales by Type (2012-2017)
Table China Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table China Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales by Application (2012-2017)
Table China Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
Figure Europe Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Europe Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Europe Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Europe Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table Europe Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Market Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table Europe Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales by Type (2012-2017)
Table Europe Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table Europe Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales by Application (2012-2017)
Table Europe Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
Figure Japan Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Japan Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Japan Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Japan Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table Japan Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Market Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table Japan Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales by Type (2012-2017)
Table Japan Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table Japan Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales by Application (2012-2017)
Table Japan Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
Table Beghin Meiji (France) Basic Information List
Table Beghin Meiji (France) Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Beghin Meiji (France) Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Global Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Beneo-Orafti SA (Belgium) Basic Information List
Table Beneo-Orafti SA (Belgium) Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Beneo-Orafti SA (Belgium) Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Global Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Cargill, Inc. (US) Basic Information List
Table Cargill, Inc. (US) Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Cargill, Inc. (US) Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Global Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Cosucra Groupe Warcoing SA (Belgium) Basic Information List
Table Cosucra Groupe Warcoing SA (Belgium) Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Cosucra Groupe Warcoing SA (Belgium) Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Global Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Ingredion Incorporated (US) Basic Information List
Table Ingredion Incorporated (US) Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Ingredion Incorporated (US) Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Global Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Royal Cosun (The Netherlands) Basic Information List
Table Royal Cosun (The Netherlands) Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Royal Cosun (The Netherlands) Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Global Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Sensus (The Netherlands) Basic Information List
Table Sensus (The Netherlands) Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Sensus (The Netherlands) Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Global Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Yakult Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd. (Japan) Basic Information List
Table Yakult Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd. (Japan) Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Yakult Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd. (Japan) Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Global Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Major Manufacturers of Prebiotic Food Products Basic Information List
Table Major Manufacturers of Prebiotic Food Products Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Major Manufacturers of Prebiotic Food Products Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Global Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS)
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS)
Figure Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Major Manufacturers in 2015
Table Major Buyers of Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS)
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Table Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales Forecast by Regions (2017-2021)
Table Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales Forecast by Type (2017-2021)
Table Global Fructo-Oligosaccaride (FOS) Sales Forecast by Application (2017-2021)

COMPANIES MENTIONED

Beghin Meiji (France), Beneo-Orafti SA (Belgium), Cargill, Inc. (US), Cosucra Groupe Warcoing SA (Belgium), Ingredion Incorporated (US), Royal Cosun (The Netherlands), Sensus (The Netherlands), Yakult Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd. (Japan), Major Manufacturers of Prebiotic Food Products, Abbott Nutrition (US), Clasado BioSciences (UK), FrieslandCampina Domo (The Netherlands), Groupe Danone SA (France), Danone Nutricia (France), Jarrow Formulas, Inc. (US), Roquette America, Inc. (US), Weetabix Ltd. (UK)