Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Status, Trends and COVID-19 Impact Report
In the past few years, the Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) market experienced a huge
change under the influence of COVID-19, the global market size of Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
(DCC) reached xx million $ in 2021 from xx in 2016 with a CAGR of xx from 2016-2021 is. As
of now, the global COVID-19 Coronavirus Cases have exceeded 500 million, and the global
epidemic has been basically under control, therefore, the World Bank has estimated the
global economic growth in 2021 and 2022. The World Bank predicts that the global
economic output is expected to expand 4 percent in 2021 while 3.8 percent in 2022.
According to our research on Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) market and global economic
environment, we forecast that the global market size of Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC)
will reach xx million $ in 2027 with a CAGR of % from 2022-2027.
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, according to World Bank statistics, global GDP has shrunk
by about 3.5% in 2020. Entering 2021, Economic activity in many countries has started to
recover and partially adapted to pandemic restrictions. The research and development of
vaccines has made breakthrough progress, and many governments have also issued various
policies to stimulate economic recovery, particularly in the United States, is likely to provide
a strong boost to economic activity but prospects for sustainable growth vary widely
between countries and sectors. Although the global economy is recovering from the great
depression caused by COVID-19, it will remain below pre-pandemic trends for a prolonged
period. The pandemic has exacerbated the risks associated with the decade-long wave of
global debt accumulation. It is also likely to steepen the long-expected slowdown in
potential growth over the next decade.
The world has entered the COVID-19 epidemic recovery period. In this complex economic
environment, we published the Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Status,
Trends and COVID-19 Impact Report 2022, which provides a comprehensive analysis of the
global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) market , This Report covers the manufacturer data,
including: sales volume, price, revenue, gross margin, business distribution etc., these data
help the consumer know about the competitors better. This report also covers all the
regions and countries of the world, which shows the regional development status, including
market size, volume and value, as well as price data. Besides, the report also covers segment
data, including: type wise, industry wise, channel wise etc. all the data period is from 2016-
2021, this report also provide forecast data from 2022-2027.
Section 1: 100 USD——Market Overview
Section (2 3): 1200 USD——Manufacturer Detail
Maokang Biotech
Carl Roth
Jincheng Pharma
Biosynth Carbosynth
Guansheng Chemical
Huihai Pharma
Highfine Biotech
Section 4: 900 USD——Region Segmentation
North America (United States, Canada, Mexico)
South America (Brazil, Argentina, Other)
Asia Pacific (China, Japan, India, Korea, Southeast Asia)
Europe (Germany, UK, France, Spain, Italy)
Middle East and Africa (Middle East, Africa)
Section (5 6 7): 700 USD——
Product Type Segmentation
Purity?99%
Purity?99%
Application Segmentation
Activator
Dehydrating Agent
Channel (Direct Sales, Distribution Channel) Segmentation
Section 8: 500 USD——Market Forecast (2022-2027)
Section 9: 600 USD——Downstream Customers
Section 10: 200 USD——Raw Material and Manufacturing Cost
Section 11: 500 USD——Conclusion
Section 12: Research Method and Data Source
change under the influence of COVID-19, the global market size of Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
(DCC) reached xx million $ in 2021 from xx in 2016 with a CAGR of xx from 2016-2021 is. As
of now, the global COVID-19 Coronavirus Cases have exceeded 500 million, and the global
epidemic has been basically under control, therefore, the World Bank has estimated the
global economic growth in 2021 and 2022. The World Bank predicts that the global
economic output is expected to expand 4 percent in 2021 while 3.8 percent in 2022.
According to our research on Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) market and global economic
environment, we forecast that the global market size of Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC)
will reach xx million $ in 2027 with a CAGR of % from 2022-2027.
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, according to World Bank statistics, global GDP has shrunk
by about 3.5% in 2020. Entering 2021, Economic activity in many countries has started to
recover and partially adapted to pandemic restrictions. The research and development of
vaccines has made breakthrough progress, and many governments have also issued various
policies to stimulate economic recovery, particularly in the United States, is likely to provide
a strong boost to economic activity but prospects for sustainable growth vary widely
between countries and sectors. Although the global economy is recovering from the great
depression caused by COVID-19, it will remain below pre-pandemic trends for a prolonged
period. The pandemic has exacerbated the risks associated with the decade-long wave of
global debt accumulation. It is also likely to steepen the long-expected slowdown in
potential growth over the next decade.
The world has entered the COVID-19 epidemic recovery period. In this complex economic
environment, we published the Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Status,
Trends and COVID-19 Impact Report 2022, which provides a comprehensive analysis of the
global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) market , This Report covers the manufacturer data,
including: sales volume, price, revenue, gross margin, business distribution etc., these data
help the consumer know about the competitors better. This report also covers all the
regions and countries of the world, which shows the regional development status, including
market size, volume and value, as well as price data. Besides, the report also covers segment
data, including: type wise, industry wise, channel wise etc. all the data period is from 2016-
2021, this report also provide forecast data from 2022-2027.
Section 1: 100 USD——Market Overview
Section (2 3): 1200 USD——Manufacturer Detail
Maokang Biotech
Carl Roth
Jincheng Pharma
Biosynth Carbosynth
Guansheng Chemical
Huihai Pharma
Highfine Biotech
Section 4: 900 USD——Region Segmentation
North America (United States, Canada, Mexico)
South America (Brazil, Argentina, Other)
Asia Pacific (China, Japan, India, Korea, Southeast Asia)
Europe (Germany, UK, France, Spain, Italy)
Middle East and Africa (Middle East, Africa)
Section (5 6 7): 700 USD——
Product Type Segmentation
Purity?99%
Purity?99%
Application Segmentation
Activator
Dehydrating Agent
Channel (Direct Sales, Distribution Channel) Segmentation
Section 8: 500 USD——Market Forecast (2022-2027)
Section 9: 600 USD——Downstream Customers
Section 10: 200 USD——Raw Material and Manufacturing Cost
Section 11: 500 USD——Conclusion
Section 12: Research Method and Data Source
SECTION 1 DICYCLOHEXYLCARBODIIMIDE (DCC) MARKET OVERVIEW
1.1 Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Scope
1.2 COVID-19 Impact on Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market
1.3 Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Status and Forecast Overview
1.3.1 Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Status 2016-2021
1.3.2 Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Forecast 2022-2027
SECTION 2 GLOBAL DICYCLOHEXYLCARBODIIMIDE (DCC) MARKET MANUFACTURER SHARE
2.1 Global Manufacturer Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Sales Volume
2.2 Global Manufacturer Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Business Revenue
SECTION 3 MANUFACTURER DICYCLOHEXYLCARBODIIMIDE (DCC) BUSINESS INTRODUCTION
3.1 Maokang Biotech Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Business Introduction
3.1.1 Maokang Biotech Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Sales Volume, Price, Revenue and
Gross margin 2016-2021
3.1.2 Maokang Biotech Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Business Distribution by Region
3.1.3 Maokang Biotech Interview Record
3.1.4 Maokang Biotech Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Business Profile
3.1.5 Maokang Biotech Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Product Specification
3.2 Carl Roth Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Business Introduction
3.2.1 Carl Roth Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Sales Volume, Price, Revenue and Gross
margin 2016-2021
3.2.2 Carl Roth Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Business Distribution by Region
3.2.3 Interview Record
3.2.4 Carl Roth Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Business Overview
3.2.5 Carl Roth Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Product Specification
3.3 Manufacturer three Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Business Introduction
3.3.1 Manufacturer three Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Sales Volume, Price, Revenue and
Gross margin 2016-2021
3.3.2 Manufacturer three Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Business Distribution by Region
3.3.3 Interview Record
3.3.4 Manufacturer three Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Business Overview
3.3.5 Manufacturer three Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Product Specification
SECTION 4 GLOBAL DICYCLOHEXYLCARBODIIMIDE (DCC) MARKET SEGMENTATION (BY REGION)
4.1 North America Country
4.1.1 United States Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size and Price Analysis 2016-
2021
4.1.2 Canada Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size and Price Analysis 2016-2021
4.1.3 Mexico Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size and Price Analysis 2016-2021
4.2 South America Country
4.2.1 Brazil Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size and Price Analysis 2016-2021
4.2.2 Argentina Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size and Price Analysis 2016-2021
4.3 Asia Pacific
4.3.1 China Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size and Price Analysis 2016-2021
4.3.2 Japan Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size and Price Analysis 2016-2021
4.3.3 India Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size and Price Analysis 2016-2021
4.3.4 Korea Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size and Price Analysis 2016-2021
4.3.5 Southeast Asia Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size and Price Analysis 2016-
2021
4.4 Europe Country
4.4.1 Germany Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size and Price Analysis 2016-2021
4.4.2 UK Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size and Price Analysis 2016-2021
4.4.3 France Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size and Price Analysis 2016-2021
4.4.4 Spain Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size and Price Analysis 2016-2021
4.4.5 Italy Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size and Price Analysis 2016-2021
4.5 Middle East and Africa
4.5.1 Africa Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size and Price Analysis 2016-2021
4.5.2 Middle East Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size and Price Analysis 2016-
2021
4.6 Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Segmentation (By Region) Analysis 2016-2021
4.7 Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Segmentation (By Region) Analysis
SECTION 5 GLOBAL DICYCLOHEXYLCARBODIIMIDE (DCC) MARKET SEGMENTATION (BY PRODUCT TYPE)
5.1 Product Introduction by Type
5.1.1 Purity?99% Product Introduction
5.1.2 Purity?99% Product Introduction
5.2 Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Sales Volume by Purity?99%016-2021
5.3 Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size by Purity?99%016-2021
5.4 Different Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Product Type Price 2016-2021
5.5 Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Segmentation (By Type) Analysis
SECTION 6 GLOBAL DICYCLOHEXYLCARBODIIMIDE (DCC) MARKET SEGMENTATION (BY APPLICATION)
6.1 Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Sales Volume by Application 2016-2021
6.2 Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size by Application 2016-2021
6.2 Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Price in Different Application Field 2016-2021
6.3 Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Segmentation (By Application) Analysis
SECTION 7 GLOBAL DICYCLOHEXYLCARBODIIMIDE (DCC) MARKET SEGMENTATION (BY CHANNEL)
7.1 Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Segmentation (By Channel) Sales
Volume and Share 2016-2021
7.2 Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Segmentation (By Channel) Analysis
SECTION 8 DICYCLOHEXYLCARBODIIMIDE (DCC) MARKET FORECAST 2022-2027
8.1 Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Segmentation Market Forecast 2022-2027 (By Region)
8.2 Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Segmentation Market Forecast 2022-2027 (By Type)
8.3 Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Segmentation Market Forecast 2022-2027 (By
Application)
8.4 Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Segmentation Market Forecast 2022-2027 (By
Channel)
8.5 Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Price Forecast
SECTION 9 DICYCLOHEXYLCARBODIIMIDE (DCC) APPLICATION AND CLIENT ANALYSIS
9.1 Activator Customers
9.2 Dehydrating Agent Customers
SECTION 10 DICYCLOHEXYLCARBODIIMIDE (DCC) MANUFACTURING COST OF ANALYSIS
11.0 Raw Material Cost Analysis
11.0 Labor Cost Analysis
11.0 Cost Overview
SECTION 11 CONCLUSION
SECTION 12 METHODOLOGY AND DATA SOURCE
1.1 Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Scope
1.2 COVID-19 Impact on Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market
1.3 Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Status and Forecast Overview
1.3.1 Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Status 2016-2021
1.3.2 Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Forecast 2022-2027
SECTION 2 GLOBAL DICYCLOHEXYLCARBODIIMIDE (DCC) MARKET MANUFACTURER SHARE
2.1 Global Manufacturer Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Sales Volume
2.2 Global Manufacturer Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Business Revenue
SECTION 3 MANUFACTURER DICYCLOHEXYLCARBODIIMIDE (DCC) BUSINESS INTRODUCTION
3.1 Maokang Biotech Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Business Introduction
3.1.1 Maokang Biotech Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Sales Volume, Price, Revenue and
Gross margin 2016-2021
3.1.2 Maokang Biotech Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Business Distribution by Region
3.1.3 Maokang Biotech Interview Record
3.1.4 Maokang Biotech Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Business Profile
3.1.5 Maokang Biotech Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Product Specification
3.2 Carl Roth Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Business Introduction
3.2.1 Carl Roth Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Sales Volume, Price, Revenue and Gross
margin 2016-2021
3.2.2 Carl Roth Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Business Distribution by Region
3.2.3 Interview Record
3.2.4 Carl Roth Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Business Overview
3.2.5 Carl Roth Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Product Specification
3.3 Manufacturer three Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Business Introduction
3.3.1 Manufacturer three Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Sales Volume, Price, Revenue and
Gross margin 2016-2021
3.3.2 Manufacturer three Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Business Distribution by Region
3.3.3 Interview Record
3.3.4 Manufacturer three Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Business Overview
3.3.5 Manufacturer three Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Product Specification
SECTION 4 GLOBAL DICYCLOHEXYLCARBODIIMIDE (DCC) MARKET SEGMENTATION (BY REGION)
4.1 North America Country
4.1.1 United States Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size and Price Analysis 2016-
2021
4.1.2 Canada Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size and Price Analysis 2016-2021
4.1.3 Mexico Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size and Price Analysis 2016-2021
4.2 South America Country
4.2.1 Brazil Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size and Price Analysis 2016-2021
4.2.2 Argentina Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size and Price Analysis 2016-2021
4.3 Asia Pacific
4.3.1 China Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size and Price Analysis 2016-2021
4.3.2 Japan Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size and Price Analysis 2016-2021
4.3.3 India Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size and Price Analysis 2016-2021
4.3.4 Korea Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size and Price Analysis 2016-2021
4.3.5 Southeast Asia Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size and Price Analysis 2016-
2021
4.4 Europe Country
4.4.1 Germany Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size and Price Analysis 2016-2021
4.4.2 UK Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size and Price Analysis 2016-2021
4.4.3 France Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size and Price Analysis 2016-2021
4.4.4 Spain Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size and Price Analysis 2016-2021
4.4.5 Italy Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size and Price Analysis 2016-2021
4.5 Middle East and Africa
4.5.1 Africa Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size and Price Analysis 2016-2021
4.5.2 Middle East Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size and Price Analysis 2016-
2021
4.6 Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Segmentation (By Region) Analysis 2016-2021
4.7 Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Segmentation (By Region) Analysis
SECTION 5 GLOBAL DICYCLOHEXYLCARBODIIMIDE (DCC) MARKET SEGMENTATION (BY PRODUCT TYPE)
5.1 Product Introduction by Type
5.1.1 Purity?99% Product Introduction
5.1.2 Purity?99% Product Introduction
5.2 Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Sales Volume by Purity?99%016-2021
5.3 Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size by Purity?99%016-2021
5.4 Different Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Product Type Price 2016-2021
5.5 Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Segmentation (By Type) Analysis
SECTION 6 GLOBAL DICYCLOHEXYLCARBODIIMIDE (DCC) MARKET SEGMENTATION (BY APPLICATION)
6.1 Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Sales Volume by Application 2016-2021
6.2 Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size by Application 2016-2021
6.2 Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Price in Different Application Field 2016-2021
6.3 Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Segmentation (By Application) Analysis
SECTION 7 GLOBAL DICYCLOHEXYLCARBODIIMIDE (DCC) MARKET SEGMENTATION (BY CHANNEL)
7.1 Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Segmentation (By Channel) Sales
Volume and Share 2016-2021
7.2 Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Segmentation (By Channel) Analysis
SECTION 8 DICYCLOHEXYLCARBODIIMIDE (DCC) MARKET FORECAST 2022-2027
8.1 Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Segmentation Market Forecast 2022-2027 (By Region)
8.2 Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Segmentation Market Forecast 2022-2027 (By Type)
8.3 Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Segmentation Market Forecast 2022-2027 (By
Application)
8.4 Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Segmentation Market Forecast 2022-2027 (By
Channel)
8.5 Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Price Forecast
SECTION 9 DICYCLOHEXYLCARBODIIMIDE (DCC) APPLICATION AND CLIENT ANALYSIS
9.1 Activator Customers
9.2 Dehydrating Agent Customers
SECTION 10 DICYCLOHEXYLCARBODIIMIDE (DCC) MANUFACTURING COST OF ANALYSIS
11.0 Raw Material Cost Analysis
11.0 Labor Cost Analysis
11.0 Cost Overview
SECTION 11 CONCLUSION
SECTION 12 METHODOLOGY AND DATA SOURCE
CHART AND FIGURE
Figure Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Product Picture
Chart Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size (with or without the impact of
COVID-19)
Chart Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Sales Volume (Units) and Growth Rate 2016-
2021
Chart Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate 2016-2021
Chart Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Sales Volume (Units) and Growth Rate 2022-
2027
Chart Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate
2022-2027
Chart 2016-2021 Global Manufacturer Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Sales Volume
(Units)
Chart 2016-2021 Global Manufacturer Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Sales Volume Share
Chart 2016-2021 Global Manufacturer Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Business Revenue
(Million USD)
Chart 2016-2021 Global Manufacturer Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Business Revenue
Share
Chart Maokang Biotech Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Sales Volume, Price, Revenue and
Figure Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Product Picture
Chart Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size (with or without the impact of
COVID-19)
Chart Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Sales Volume (Units) and Growth Rate 2016-
2021
Chart Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate 2016-2021
Chart Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Sales Volume (Units) and Growth Rate 2022-
2027
Chart Global Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate
2022-2027
Chart 2016-2021 Global Manufacturer Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Sales Volume
(Units)
Chart 2016-2021 Global Manufacturer Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Sales Volume Share
Chart 2016-2021 Global Manufacturer Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Business Revenue
(Million USD)
Chart 2016-2021 Global Manufacturer Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Business Revenue
Share
Chart Maokang Biotech Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Sales Volume, Price, Revenue and
