Global Crude Oil Market: Size, Trend, Share, Opportunity Analysis, and Forecast, 2014-2025

February 2017 | | ID: G4FB2860219EN
Progressive Markets (owned by Antviews Global)

Abstracts

Crude oil is a naturally occurring mixture of hydrocarbons and small amounts of inorganic compounds of sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and metals generally in the liquid state. Crude oil is the primary global source of energy. Most of the crude oil available globally is concentrated in the middle east region, while the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the largest exporter of crude oil. API gravity, sulfur content, pour point, carbon residue, salt content, nitrogen content, and distillation range are some of the properties that are considered while choosing crude oil.

The global crude oil market is segmented based on the type of constituent, hydrocarbon molecules, sulfur content, end-products, and geography. Based on the type of constituent, the market is divided into paraffin base, naphthene base, asphalt base, and mixed base. According to hydrocarbon molecules, the market is categorized into light and heavy crude oil. Sulfur content-based classification of the market is sweet and sour crude oil. Based on end-products, the market is bifurcated into liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), gasoline, petrol, kerosene, diesel, and fuel oils. Geographic breakdown and deep analysis of each of the aforesaid segments have resulted in the following regions: North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and LAMEA.

MARKET DYNAMICS:

Drivers:

• Growing disposable income and reducing costs of automobiles are expected to increase the demand for crude oil during the forecast period.
• Utilization of crude oil residues as bunker fuel for marine ships & cargoes and as jet fuel for the aviation sector is expected to foster the market demand for crude oil during the forecast period.

Restraints:

• Stringent rules and regulations concerning environmental impact by combustion of crude oil derivatives are projected to hamper the growth of crude oil market.
• Fluctuating crude oil prices might negatively affect the market, resulting into the slowdown of the market during the forecast period.

MARKET PLAYERS:

The top players in the global crude oil market include Saudi Aramco, Gazprom, National Iranian Oil Company, Exxon Mobil Corporation, PetroChina Company Limited, BP PLC, Royal Dutch Shell PLC, Chevron Corporation, Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex), and Kuwait Petroleum Corporation.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

MARKET LANDSCAPE

By Type of Constituent

• Paraffin Base
• Naphthene Base
• Asphalt Base
• Mixed Base

By Hydrocarbon Molecules

• Light Crude Oil
• Heavy Crude Oil

By Sulfur Content

• Sweet
• Sour

By End-products

• Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
• Gasoline
• Petrol
• Kerosene
• Diesel
• Fuel Oils
• By Geography
• North America
• U.S.
• Canada
• Mexico
• Europe
• UK
• Germany
• France
• Spain
• Italy
• Rest of Europe
• Asia-Pacific
• China
• Japan
• India
• Australia
• South Korea
• Rest of Asia-Pacific
• LAMEA
• Brazil
• Saudi Arabia
• Argentina
• Rest of LAMEA

Contents

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.1. Key Findings
1.2. Market Attractiveness and Trend analysis
1.3. Competitive Landscape and recent industry development analysis

2. INTRODUCTION

2.1. Report Description
2.2. Scope and Definitions
2.3. Research Methodology

3. MARKET LANDSCAPE

3.1. Growth Drivers
  3.1.1. Impact Analysis
3.2. Restrains and Challenges
  3.2.1. Impact Analysis
3.3. Porter’s Analysis
  3.3.1. Bargaining power of buyers
  3.3.2. Bargaining power of suppliers
  3.3.3. Threat of substitutes
  3.3.4. Industry rivalry
  3.3.5. Threat of new entrants
3.4. Global Crude Oil Market Shares Analysis, 2014-2025
  3.4.1. Global crude oil market share by type of constituents, 2014-2025
  3.4.2. Global crude oil market share by hydrocarbon molecules, 2014-2025
  3.4.3. Global crude oil market share by sulphur content, 2014-2025
  3.4.4. Global crude oil market share by end products, 2014-2025
  3.4.5. Global crude oil market share by geography, 2014-2025

4. MARKET BY TYPE OF CONSTITUENTS

4.1. Paraffin Base
  4.1.1. Historical Market Size by Region, 2014-2016
  4.1.2. Market Forecast by Region, 2017-2025
4.2. Naphthene Base
  4.2.1. Historical Market Size by Region, 2014-2016
  4.2.2. Market Forecast by Region, 2017-2025
4.3. Asphalt Base
  4.3.1. Historical Market Size by Region, 2014-2016
  4.3.2. Market Forecast by Region, 2017-2025
4.4. Mixed Base
  4.4.1. Historical Market Size by Region, 2014-2016
  4.4.2. Market Forecast by Region, 2017-2025

5. MARKET BY HYDROCARBON MOLECULES

5.1. Light
  5.1.1. Historical Market Size by Region, 2014-2016
  5.1.2. Market Forecast by Region, 2017-2025
5.2. Heavy
  5.2.1. Historical Market Size by Region, 2014-2016
  5.2.2. Market Forecast by Region, 2017-2025

6. MARKET BY HYDROCARBON MOLECULES

6.1. Sweet
  6.1.1. Historical Market Size by Region, 2014-2016
  6.1.2. Market Forecast by Region, 2017-2025
6.2. Sour
  6.2.1. Historical Market Size by Region, 2014-2016
  6.2.2. Market Forecast by Region, 2017-2025

7. MARKET BY END PRODUCTS

7.1. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
  7.1.1. Historical Market Size by Region, 2014-2016
  7.1.2. Market Forecast by Region, 2017-2025
7.2. Gasoline
  7.2.1. Historical Market Size by Region, 2014-2016
  7.2.2. Market Forecast by Region, 2017-2025
7.3. Petrol
  7.3.1. Historical Market Size by Region, 2014-2016
  7.3.2. Market Forecast by Region, 2017-2025
7.4. Kerosene
  7.4.1. Historical Market Size by Region, 2014-2016
  7.4.2. Market Forecast by Region, 2017-2025
7.5. Diesel
  7.5.1. Historical Market Size by Region, 2014-2016
  7.5.2. Market Forecast by Region, 2017-2025
7.6. Fuel Oils
  7.6.1. Historical Market Size by Region, 2014-2016
  7.6.2. Market Forecast by Region, 2017-2025

8. MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY

8.1. North America
  8.1.1. U.S.
    8.1.1.1. Historical Market Size, 2014-2016
    8.1.1.2. Market Forecast, 2017-2025
  8.1.2. Canada
    8.1.2.1. Historical Market Size, 2014-2016
    8.1.2.2. Market Forecast, 2017-2025
  8.1.3. Mexico
    8.1.3.1. Historical Market Size, 2014-2016
    8.1.3.2. Market Forecast, 2017-2025
8.2. Europe
  8.2.1. UK
    8.2.1.1. Historical Market Size, 2014-2016
    8.2.1.2. Market Forecast, 2017-2025
  8.2.2. Germany
    8.2.2.1. Historical Market Size, 2014-2016
    8.2.2.2. Market Forecast, 2017-2025
  8.2.3. France
    8.2.3.1. Historical Market Size, 2014-2016
    8.2.3.2. Market Forecast, 2017-2025
  8.2.4. Spain
    8.2.4.1. Historical Market Size, 2014-2016
    8.2.4.2. Market Forecast, 2017-2025
  8.2.5. Italy
    8.2.5.1. Historical Market Size, 2014-2016
    8.2.5.2. Market Forecast, 2017-2025
  8.2.6. Rest of Europe
    8.2.6.1. Historical Market Size, 2014-2016
    8.2.6.2. Market Forecast, 2017-2025
8.3. Asia-Pacific
  8.3.1. China
    8.3.1.1. Historical Market Size, 2014-2016
    8.3.1.2. Market Forecast, 2017-2025
  8.3.2. Japan
    8.3.2.1. Historical Market Size, 2014-2016
    8.3.2.2. Market Forecast, 2017-2025
  8.3.3. India
    8.3.3.1. Historical Market Size, 2014-2016
    8.3.3.2. Market Forecast, 2017-2025
  8.3.4. Australia
    8.3.4.1. Historical Market Size, 2014-2016
    8.3.4.2. Market Forecast, 2017-2025
  8.3.5. South Korea
    8.3.5.1. Historical Market Size, 2014-2016
    8.3.5.2. Market Forecast, 2017-2025
  8.3.6. Rest of Asia-Pacific
    8.3.6.1. Historical Market Size, 2014-2016
    8.3.6.2. Market Forecast, 2017-2025
8.4. LAMEA
  8.4.1. Brazil
    8.4.1.1. Historical Market Size, 2014-2016
    8.4.1.2. Market Forecast, 2017-2025
  8.4.2. South Arabia
    8.4.2.1. Historical Market Size, 2014-2016
    8.4.2.2. Market Forecast, 2017-2025
  8.4.3. South Africa
    8.4.3.1. Historical Market Size, 2014-2016
    8.4.3.2. Market Forecast, 2017-2025
  8.4.4. Rest of LAMEA
    8.4.4.1. Historical Market Size, 2014-2016
    8.4.4.2. Market Forecast, 2017-2025

9. COMPANY PROFILES

9.1. Saudi Aramco
  9.1.1. Overview
  9.1.2. Financials and business segments
  9.1.3. Recent developments
9.2. Gazprom
  9.2.1. Overview
  9.2.2. Financials and business segments
  9.2.3. Recent developments
9.3. National Iranian Oil Company
  9.3.1. Overview
  9.3.2. Financials and business segments
  9.3.3. Recent developments
9.4. Exxon Mobil Corporation
  9.4.1. Overview
  9.4.2. Financials and business segments
  9.4.3. Recent developments
9.5. Petrochina Company Limited
  9.5.1. Overview
  9.5.2. Financials and business segments
  9.5.3. Recent developments
9.6. BP PLC
  9.6.1. Overview
  9.6.2. Financials and business segments
  9.6.3. Recent developments
9.7. Royal Dutch Shell PLC
  9.7.1. Overview
  9.7.2. Financials and business segments
  9.7.3. Recent developments
9.8. Chevron Corporation
  9.8.1. Overview
  9.8.2. Financials and business segments
  9.8.3. Recent developments
9.9. Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex)
  9.9.1. Overview
  9.9.2. Financials and business segments
  9.9.3. Recent developments
9.10. Kuwait Petroleum Corporation
  9.10.1. Overview
  9.10.2. Financials and business segments
  9.10.3. Recent developments

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Crude Oil Market Share, by Type of Constituent, 2014-2025, $million
Table 2. Crude Oil Market Volume, by Type of Constituent, 2014-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 3. Crude Oil Market Share, by Hydrocarbon Molecules, 2014-2025, $million
Table 4. Crude Oil Market Volume, by Hydrocarbon Molecules, 2014-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 5. Crude Oil Market Share, by Sulfur Content, 2014-2025, $million
Table 6. Crude Oil Market Volume, by Sulfur Content, 2014-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 7. Crude Oil Market Share, by End-product, 2014-2025, $million
Table 8. Crude Oil Market Volume, by End-product, 2014-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 9. Crude Oil Market Value, by Region, 2017-2025, $million
Table 10. Crude Oil Market Volume, by Region, 2017-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 11. Crude Oil Market Value, for Paraffin Base, by Region, 2017-2025, $million
Table 12. Crude Oil Market Volume, for Naphthene Base, by Region, 2017-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 13. Crude Oil Market Value, for Asphalt Base, by Region, 2017-2025, $million
Table 14. Crude Oil Market Volume, for Mixed Base, by Region, 2017-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 15. Crude Oil Market Value, for Mixed Base, by Region, 2017-2025, $million
Table 16. Crude Oil Market Volume, for Light Crude Oil, by Region, 2017-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 17. Crude Oil Market Value, for Light Crude Oil, by Region, 2017-2025, $million
Table 18. Crude Oil Market Volume, for Heavy Crude Oil, by Region, 2017-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 19. Crude Oil Market Value, for Heavy Crude Oil, by Region, 2017-2025, $million
Table 20. Crude Oil Market Volume, for Sweet, by Region, 2017-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 21. Crude Oil Market Value, for Sweet, by Region, 2017-2025, $million
Table 22. Crude Oil Market Volume, for Sour, by Region, 2017-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 23. Crude Oil Market Value, for Sour, by Region, 2017-2025, $million
Table 24. Crude Oil Market Volume, for Sour, by Region, 2017-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 25. Crude Oil Market Value, for Sour, by Region, 2017-2025, $million
Table 26. Crude Oil Market Volume, for Sour, by Region, 2017-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 27. Crude Oil Market Value, for Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), by Region, 2017-2025, $million
Table 28. Crude Oil Market Volume, for Gasoline, by Region, 2017-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 29. Crude Oil Market Value, for Petrol, by Region, 2017-2025, $million
Table 30. Crude Oil Market Volume, for Kerosene, by Region, 2017-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 31. Crude Oil Market Value, for Diesel, by Region, 2017-2025, $million
Table 32. Crude Oil Market Volume, for Fuel Oils, by Region, 2017-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 33. Crude Oil Market Value, for Fuel Oils, by Region, 2017-2025, $million
Table 34. Crude Oil Market Volume, for North America, by Region, 2017-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 35. Crude Oil Market Value, for North America, by Region, 2017-2025, $million
Table 36. Crude Oil Market Volume, for North America, by Region, 2017-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 37. Crude Oil Market Value, for North America, by Region, 2017-2025, $million
Table 38. Crude Oil Market Volume, for Fuel Oils, by Region, 2017-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 39. Crude Oil Market Value, for North America, by Country, 2014-2025, $million
Table 40. Crude Oil Market Volume, for North America, by Country, 2014-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 41. Crude Oil Market Value, for North America, by Type of Constituent, 2014-2025, $million
Table 42. Crude Oil Market Volume, for North America, by Type of Constituent, 2014-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 43. Crude Oil Market Value, for North America, by Hydrocarbon Molecules, 2014-2025, $million
Table 44. Crude Oil Market Volume, for North America, by Hydrocarbon Molecules, 2014-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 45. Crude Oil Market Value, for North America, by Sulfur Content, 2014-2025, $million
Table 46. Crude Oil Market Volume, for North America, by Sulfur Content, 2014-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 47. Crude Oil Market Value, for North America, by End-product, 2014-2025, $million
Table 48. Crude Oil Market Volume, for North America, by End-product, 2014-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 49. Crude Oil Market Value, for Europe, by Country, 2014-2025, $million
Table 50. Crude Oil Market Volume, for Europe, by Country, 2014-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 51. Crude Oil Market Value, for Europe, by Type of Constituent, 2014-2025, $million
Table 52. Crude Oil Market Volume, for Europe, by Type of Constituent, 2014-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 53. Crude Oil Market Value, for Europe, by Hydrocarbon Molecules, 2014-2025, $million
Table 54. Crude Oil Market Volume, for Europe, by Hydrocarbon Molecules, 2014-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 55. Crude Oil Market Value, for Europe, by Sulfur Content, 2014-2025, $million
Table 56. Crude Oil Market Volume, for Europe, by Sulfur Content, 2014-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 57. Crude Oil Market Value, for Europe, by End-product, 2014-2025, $million
Table 58. Crude Oil Market Volume, for Europe, by End-product, 2014-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 59. Crude Oil Market Value, for Asia-Pacific, by Country, 2014-2025, $million
Table 60. Crude Oil Market Volume, for Asia-Pacific, by Country, 2014-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 61. Crude Oil Market Value, for Asia-Pacific, by Type of Constituent, 2014-2025, $million
Table 62. Crude Oil Market Volume, for Asia-Pacific, by Type of Constituent, 2014-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 63. Crude Oil Market Value, for Asia-Pacific, by Hydrocarbon Molecules, 2014-2025, $million
Table 64. Crude Oil Market Volume, for Asia-Pacific, by Hydrocarbon Molecules, 2014-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 65. Crude Oil Market Value, for Asia-Pacific, by Sulfur Content, 2014-2025, $million
Table 66. Crude Oil Market Volume, for Asia-Pacific, by Sulfur Content, 2014-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 67. Crude Oil Market Value, for Asia-Pacific, by End-product, 2014-2025, $million
Table 68. Crude Oil Market Volume, for Asia-Pacific, by End-product, 2014-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 69. Crude Oil Market Value, for LAMEA, by Country, 2014-2025, $million
Table 70. Crude Oil Market Volume, for LAMEA, by Country, 2014-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 71. Crude Oil Market Value, for LAMEA, by Type of Constituent, 2014-2025, $million
Table 72. Crude Oil Market Volume, for LAMEA, by Type of Constituent, 2014-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 73. Crude Oil Market Value, for LAMEA, by Hydrocarbon Molecules, 2014-2025, $million
Table 74. Crude Oil Market Volume, for LAMEA, by Hydrocarbon Molecules, 2014-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 75. Crude Oil Market Value, for LAMEA, by Sulfur Content, 2014-2025, $million
Table 76. Crude Oil Market Volume, for LAMEA, by Sulfur Content, 2014-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 77. Crude Oil Market Value, for LAMEA, by End-product, 2014-2025, $million
Table 78. Crude Oil Market Volume, for LAMEA, by End-product, 2014-2025, Thousand Barrels
Table 79. Saudi Aramco - Company Snapshot
Table 80. Gazprom - Company Snapshot
Table 81. National Iranian Oil Company - Company Snapshot
Table 82. Exxon Mobil Corporation - Company Snapshot
Table 83. Petrochina Company Limited - Company Snapshot
Table 84. BP PLC - Company Snapshot
Table 85. Royal Dutch Shell PLC - Company Snapshot
Table 86. Chevron Corporation - Company Snapshot
Table 87. Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex) - Company Snapshot
Table 88. Kuwait Petroleum Corporation - Company Snapshot

List Of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Crude Oil: Paraffin Base Market Value, 2014-2016, $million
Figure 2. Crude Oil: Paraffin Base Market Volume, 2014-2016, Thousand Barrels
Figure 3. Crude Oil: Naphthene Base Market Value, 2014-2016, $million
Figure 4. Crude Oil: Naphthene Base Market Volume, 2014-2016, Thousand Barrels
Figure 5. Crude Oil: Asphalt Base Market Value, 2014-2016, $million
Figure 6. Crude Oil: Asphalt Base Market Volume, 2014-2016, Thousand Barrels
Figure 7. Crude Oil: Mixed Base Market Value, 2014-2016, $million
Figure 8. Crude Oil: Mixed Base Market Volume, 2014-2016, Thousand Barrels
Figure 9. Crude Oil: Light Crude Oil Market Value, 2014-2016, $million
Figure 10. Crude Oil: Light Crude Oil Market Volume, 2014-2016, Thousand Barrels
Figure 11. Crude Oil: Heavy Crude Oil Market Value, 2014-2016, $million
Figure 12. Crude Oil: Heavy Crude Oil Market Volume, 2014-2016, Thousand Barrels
Figure 13. Crude Oil: Sweet Market Value, 2014-2016, $million
Figure 14. Crude Oil: Sweet Market Volume, 2014-2016, Thousand Barrels
Figure 15. Crude Oil: Sour Market Value, 2014-2016, $million
Figure 16. Crude Oil: Sour Market Volume, 2014-2016, Thousand Barrels
Figure 17. Crude Oil: Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Market Value, 2014-2016, $million
Figure 18. Crude Oil: Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Market Volume, 2014-2016, Thousand Barrels
Figure 19. Crude Oil: Gasoline Market Value, 2014-2016, $million
Figure 20. Crude Oil: Gasoline Market Volume, 2014-2016, Thousand Barrels
Figure 21. Crude Oil: Petrol Market Value, 2014-2016, $million
Figure 22. Crude Oil: Petrol Market Volume, 2014-2016, Thousand Barrels
Figure 23. Crude Oil: Kerosene Market Value, 2014-2016, $million
Figure 24. Crude Oil: Kerosene Market Volume, 2014-2016, Thousand Barrels
Figure 25. Crude Oil: Diesel Market Value, 2014-2016, $million
Figure 26. Crude Oil: Diesel Market Volume, 2014-2016, Thousand Barrels
Figure 27. Crude Oil: Fuel Oils Market Value, 2014-2016, $million
Figure 28. Crude Oil: Fuel Oils Market Volume, 2014-2016, Thousand Barrels
Figure 29. Crude Oil: U.S. Market Value, 2014-2016, $million
Figure 30. Crude Oil: U.S. Market Value, 2017-2025, $million
Figure 31. Crude Oil: Canada Market Value, 2014-2016, $million
Figure 32. Crude Oil: Canada Market Value, 2017-2025, $million
Figure 33. Crude Oil: Mexico Market Value, 2014-2016, $million
Figure 34. Crude Oil: Mexico Market Value, 2017-2025, $million
Figure 35. Crude Oil: UK Market Value, 2014-2016, $million
Figure 36. Crude Oil: UK Market Value, 2017-2025, $million
Figure 37. Crude Oil: Germany Market Value, 2014-2016, $million
Figure 38. Crude Oil: Germany Market Value, 2017-2025, $million
Figure 39. Crude Oil: France Market Value, 2014-2016, $million
Figure 40. Crude Oil: France Market Value, 2017-2025, $million
Figure 41. Crude Oil: Spain Market Value, 2014-2016, $million
Figure 42. Crude Oil: Spain Market Value, 2017-2025, $million
Figure 43. Crude Oil: Italy Market Value, 2014-2016, $million
Figure 44. Crude Oil: Italy Market Value, 2017-2025, $million
Figure 45. Crude Oil: Rest of Europe Market Value, 2014-2016, $million
Figure 46. Crude Oil: Rest of Europe Market Value, 2017-2025, $million
Figure 47. Crude Oil: China Market Value, 2014-2016, $million
Figure 48. Crude Oil: China Market Value, 2017-2025, $million
Figure 49. Crude Oil: Japan Market Value, 2014-2016, $million
Figure 50. Crude Oil: Japan Market Value, 2017-2025, $million
Figure 51. Crude Oil: India Market Value, 2014-2016, $million
Figure 52. Crude Oil: India Market Value, 2017-2025, $million
Figure 53. Crude Oil: Australia Market Value, 2014-2016, $million
Figure 54. Crude Oil: Australia Market Value, 2017-2025, $million
Figure 55. Crude Oil: South Korea Market Value, 2014-2016, $million
Figure 56. Crude Oil: South Korea Market Value, 2017-2025, $million
Figure 57. Crude Oil: Rest of Asia-Pacific Market Value, 2014-2016, $million
Figure 58. Crude Oil: Rest of Asia-Pacific Market Value, 2017-2025, $million
Figure 59. Crude Oil: Brazil Market Value, 2014-2016, $million
Figure 60. Crude Oil: Brazil Market Value, 2017-2025, $million
Figure 61. Crude Oil: Saudi Arabia Market Value, 2014-2016, $million
Figure 62. Crude Oil: Saudi Arabia Market Value, 2017-2025, $million
Figure 63. Crude Oil: South Africa Market Value, 2014-2016, $million
Figure 64. Crude Oil: South Africa Market Value, 2017-2025, $million
Figure 65. Crude Oil: Rest of LAMEA Market Value, 2014-2016, $million
Figure 66. Crude Oil: Rest of LAMEA Market Value, 2017-2025, $million

COMPANIES MENTIONED

The top players in the global crude oil market include Saudi Aramco, Gazprom, National Iranian Oil Company, Exxon Mobil Corporation, PetroChina Company Limited, BP PLC, Royal Dutch Shell PLC, Chevron Corporation, Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex), and Kuwait Petroleum Corporation.