Europe Palladium silver target Market Report 2017
![](/report_cover/6975/europe-palladium-silver-target-market-report-2017_q_en.gif)
Notes:
Sales, means the sales volume of Palladium silver target
Revenue, means the sales value of Palladium silver target
This report studies sales (consumption) of Palladium silver target in Europe market, especially in Germany, France, UK, Russia, Italy, Spain and Benelux, focuses on top players in these countries, with sales, price, revenue and market share for each player in these Countries, covering
Sales, means the sales volume of Palladium silver target
Revenue, means the sales value of Palladium silver target
This report studies sales (consumption) of Palladium silver target in Europe market, especially in Germany, France, UK, Russia, Italy, Spain and Benelux, focuses on top players in these countries, with sales, price, revenue and market share for each player in these Countries, covering
- Lesker
- SAM
- Nexteck
- ZNXC
- Beijing Guanli
- Kaize Metals
- E-light
- German tech
- Beijing Scistar Technology
- FDC
- Shanghai SS Co.,Ltd
- Krastsvetmet
- Sputtertargets
- Cathaymaterials
- STMCON
- Changsha Xinkang Advanced Materials Co., Ltd.
- Germany
- France
- UK
- Russia
- Italy
- Spain
- Benelux
- Plane target
- Rotating target
- Display?industry
- Solar?energy?industry
- Automobile?industry
- Other
Europe Palladium silver target Market Report 2017
1 PALLADIUM SILVER TARGET OVERVIEW
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Palladium silver target
1.2 Classification of Palladium silver target
1.2.1 Plane target
1.2.2 Rotating target
1.3 Application of Palladium silver target
1.3.1 Display?industry
1.3.2 Solar?energy?industry
1.3.3 Automobile?industry
1.3.4 Other
1.4 Palladium silver target Market by Countries
1.4.1 Germany Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.4.2 France Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.4.3 UK Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.4.4 Russia Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.4.5 Italy Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.4.6 Spain Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.4.7 Benelux Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.5 Europe Market Size (Value and Volume) of Palladium silver target (2011-2021)
1.5.1 Europe Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
1.5.2 Europe Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
2 EUROPE PALLADIUM SILVER TARGET BY MANUFACTURERS, TYPE AND APPLICATION
2.1 Europe Palladium silver target Market Competition by Manufacturers
2.1.1 Europe Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.1.2 Europe Palladium silver target Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.2 Europe Palladium silver target (Volume and Value) by Type
2.2.1 Europe Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
2.2.2 Europe Palladium silver target Revenue and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
2.3 Europe Palladium silver target (Volume and Value) by Countries
2.3.1 Europe Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)
2.3.2 Europe Palladium silver target Revenue and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)
2.4 Europe Palladium silver target (Volume) by Application
3 GERMANY PALLADIUM SILVER TARGET (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)
3.1 Germany Palladium silver target Sales and Value (2011-2016)
3.1.1 Germany Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
3.1.2 Germany Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
3.1.3 Germany Palladium silver target Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
3.2 Germany Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
3.3 Germany Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Type
3.4 Germany Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Application
4 FRANCE PALLADIUM SILVER TARGET (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)
4.1 France Palladium silver target Sales and Value (2011-2016)
4.1.1 France Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
4.1.2 France Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
4.1.4 France Palladium silver target Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
4.2 France Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
4.3 France Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Type
4.4 France Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Application
5 UK PALLADIUM SILVER TARGET (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)
5.1 UK Palladium silver target Sales and Value (2011-2016)
5.1.1 UK Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
5.1.2 UK Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
5.1.5 UK Palladium silver target Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
5.2 UK Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
5.3 UK Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Type
5.4 UK Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Application
6 RUSSIA PALLADIUM SILVER TARGET (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)
6.1 Russia Palladium silver target Sales and Value (2011-2016)
6.1.1 Russia Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
6.1.2 Russia Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
6.1.6 Russia Palladium silver target Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
6.2 Russia Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
6.3 Russia Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Type
6.4 Russia Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Application
7 ITALY PALLADIUM SILVER TARGET (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)
7.1 Italy Palladium silver target Sales and Value (2011-2016)
7.1.1 Italy Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
7.1.2 Italy Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
7.1.7 Italy Palladium silver target Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
7.2 Italy Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
7.3 Italy Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Type
7.4 Italy Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Application
8 SPAIN PALLADIUM SILVER TARGET (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)
8.1 Spain Palladium silver target Sales and Value (2011-2016)
8.1.1 Spain Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
8.1.2 Spain Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
8.1.8 Spain Palladium silver target Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
8.2 Spain Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
8.3 Spain Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Type
8.4 Spain Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Application
9 BENELUX PALLADIUM SILVER TARGET (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)
9.1 Benelux Palladium silver target Sales and Value (2011-2016)
9.1.1 Benelux Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
9.1.2 Benelux Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
9.1.9 Benelux Palladium silver target Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
9.2 Benelux Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
9.3 Benelux Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Type
9.4 Benelux Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Application
10 EUROPE PALLADIUM SILVER TARGET MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
10.1 Lesker
10.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.1.2 Palladium silver target Product Type, Application and Specification
10.1.2.1 Plane target
10.1.2.2 Rotating target
10.1.3 Lesker Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.2 SAM
10.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.2.2 Palladium silver target Product Type, Application and Specification
10.2.2.1 Plane target
10.2.2.2 Rotating target
10.2.3 SAM Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.3 Nexteck
10.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.3.2 Palladium silver target Product Type, Application and Specification
10.3.2.1 Plane target
10.3.2.2 Rotating target
10.3.3 Nexteck Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.4 ZNXC
10.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.4.2 Palladium silver target Product Type, Application and Specification
10.4.2.1 Plane target
10.4.2.2 Rotating target
10.4.3 ZNXC Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.5 Beijing Guanli
10.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.5.2 Palladium silver target Product Type, Application and Specification
10.5.2.1 Plane target
10.5.2.2 Rotating target
10.5.3 Beijing Guanli Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.6 Kaize Metals
10.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.6.2 Palladium silver target Product Type, Application and Specification
10.6.2.1 Plane target
10.6.2.2 Rotating target
10.6.3 Kaize Metals Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.7 E-light
10.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.7.2 Palladium silver target Product Type, Application and Specification
10.7.2.1 Plane target
10.7.2.2 Rotating target
10.7.3 E-light Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.8 German tech
10.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.8.2 Palladium silver target Product Type, Application and Specification
10.8.2.1 Plane target
10.8.2.2 Rotating target
10.8.3 German tech Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.9 Beijing Scistar Technology
10.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.9.2 Palladium silver target Product Type, Application and Specification
10.9.2.1 Plane target
10.9.2.2 Rotating target
10.9.3 Beijing Scistar Technology Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.10 FDC
10.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.10.2 Palladium silver target Product Type, Application and Specification
10.10.2.1 Plane target
10.10.2.2 Rotating target
10.10.3 FDC Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.11 Shanghai SS Co.,Ltd
10.12 Krastsvetmet
10.13 Sputtertargets
10.14 Cathaymaterials
10.15 STMCON
10.16 Changsha Xinkang Advanced Materials Co., Ltd.
11 PALLADIUM SILVER TARGET MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS
11.1 Palladium silver target Key Raw Materials Analysis
11.1.1 Key Raw Materials
11.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
11.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
11.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
11.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
11.2.1 Raw Materials
11.2.2 Labor Cost
11.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
11.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Palladium silver target
12 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS
12.1 Palladium silver target Industrial Chain Analysis
12.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
12.3 Raw Materials Sources of Palladium silver target Major Manufacturers in 2015
12.4 Downstream Buyers
13 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS
13.1 Marketing Channel
13.1.1 Direct Marketing
13.1.2 Indirect Marketing
13.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
13.2 Market Positioning
13.2.1 Pricing Strategy
13.2.2 Brand Strategy
13.2.3 Target Client
13.3 Distributors/Traders List
14 EUROPE PALLADIUM SILVER TARGET MARKET FORECAST (2016-2021)
14.1 Germany Palladium silver target Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.2 France Palladium silver target Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.3 UK Palladium silver target Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.4 Russia Palladium silver target Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.5 Italy Palladium silver target Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.6 Spain Palladium silver target Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.7 Benelux Palladium silver target Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.8 Europe Palladium silver target Sales Forecast by Type (2016-2021)
14.9 Europe Palladium silver target Sales Forecast by Application (2016-2021)
15 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION
16 APPENDIX
Methodology
Analyst Introduction
Data Source
The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.
1 PALLADIUM SILVER TARGET OVERVIEW
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Palladium silver target
1.2 Classification of Palladium silver target
1.2.1 Plane target
1.2.2 Rotating target
1.3 Application of Palladium silver target
1.3.1 Display?industry
1.3.2 Solar?energy?industry
1.3.3 Automobile?industry
1.3.4 Other
1.4 Palladium silver target Market by Countries
1.4.1 Germany Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.4.2 France Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.4.3 UK Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.4.4 Russia Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.4.5 Italy Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.4.6 Spain Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.4.7 Benelux Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.5 Europe Market Size (Value and Volume) of Palladium silver target (2011-2021)
1.5.1 Europe Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
1.5.2 Europe Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
2 EUROPE PALLADIUM SILVER TARGET BY MANUFACTURERS, TYPE AND APPLICATION
2.1 Europe Palladium silver target Market Competition by Manufacturers
2.1.1 Europe Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.1.2 Europe Palladium silver target Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.2 Europe Palladium silver target (Volume and Value) by Type
2.2.1 Europe Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
2.2.2 Europe Palladium silver target Revenue and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
2.3 Europe Palladium silver target (Volume and Value) by Countries
2.3.1 Europe Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)
2.3.2 Europe Palladium silver target Revenue and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)
2.4 Europe Palladium silver target (Volume) by Application
3 GERMANY PALLADIUM SILVER TARGET (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)
3.1 Germany Palladium silver target Sales and Value (2011-2016)
3.1.1 Germany Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
3.1.2 Germany Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
3.1.3 Germany Palladium silver target Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
3.2 Germany Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
3.3 Germany Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Type
3.4 Germany Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Application
4 FRANCE PALLADIUM SILVER TARGET (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)
4.1 France Palladium silver target Sales and Value (2011-2016)
4.1.1 France Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
4.1.2 France Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
4.1.4 France Palladium silver target Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
4.2 France Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
4.3 France Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Type
4.4 France Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Application
5 UK PALLADIUM SILVER TARGET (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)
5.1 UK Palladium silver target Sales and Value (2011-2016)
5.1.1 UK Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
5.1.2 UK Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
5.1.5 UK Palladium silver target Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
5.2 UK Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
5.3 UK Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Type
5.4 UK Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Application
6 RUSSIA PALLADIUM SILVER TARGET (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)
6.1 Russia Palladium silver target Sales and Value (2011-2016)
6.1.1 Russia Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
6.1.2 Russia Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
6.1.6 Russia Palladium silver target Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
6.2 Russia Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
6.3 Russia Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Type
6.4 Russia Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Application
7 ITALY PALLADIUM SILVER TARGET (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)
7.1 Italy Palladium silver target Sales and Value (2011-2016)
7.1.1 Italy Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
7.1.2 Italy Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
7.1.7 Italy Palladium silver target Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
7.2 Italy Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
7.3 Italy Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Type
7.4 Italy Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Application
8 SPAIN PALLADIUM SILVER TARGET (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)
8.1 Spain Palladium silver target Sales and Value (2011-2016)
8.1.1 Spain Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
8.1.2 Spain Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
8.1.8 Spain Palladium silver target Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
8.2 Spain Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
8.3 Spain Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Type
8.4 Spain Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Application
9 BENELUX PALLADIUM SILVER TARGET (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)
9.1 Benelux Palladium silver target Sales and Value (2011-2016)
9.1.1 Benelux Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
9.1.2 Benelux Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
9.1.9 Benelux Palladium silver target Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
9.2 Benelux Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
9.3 Benelux Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Type
9.4 Benelux Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Application
10 EUROPE PALLADIUM SILVER TARGET MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
10.1 Lesker
10.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.1.2 Palladium silver target Product Type, Application and Specification
10.1.2.1 Plane target
10.1.2.2 Rotating target
10.1.3 Lesker Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.2 SAM
10.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.2.2 Palladium silver target Product Type, Application and Specification
10.2.2.1 Plane target
10.2.2.2 Rotating target
10.2.3 SAM Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.3 Nexteck
10.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.3.2 Palladium silver target Product Type, Application and Specification
10.3.2.1 Plane target
10.3.2.2 Rotating target
10.3.3 Nexteck Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.4 ZNXC
10.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.4.2 Palladium silver target Product Type, Application and Specification
10.4.2.1 Plane target
10.4.2.2 Rotating target
10.4.3 ZNXC Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.5 Beijing Guanli
10.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.5.2 Palladium silver target Product Type, Application and Specification
10.5.2.1 Plane target
10.5.2.2 Rotating target
10.5.3 Beijing Guanli Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.6 Kaize Metals
10.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.6.2 Palladium silver target Product Type, Application and Specification
10.6.2.1 Plane target
10.6.2.2 Rotating target
10.6.3 Kaize Metals Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.7 E-light
10.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.7.2 Palladium silver target Product Type, Application and Specification
10.7.2.1 Plane target
10.7.2.2 Rotating target
10.7.3 E-light Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.8 German tech
10.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.8.2 Palladium silver target Product Type, Application and Specification
10.8.2.1 Plane target
10.8.2.2 Rotating target
10.8.3 German tech Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.9 Beijing Scistar Technology
10.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.9.2 Palladium silver target Product Type, Application and Specification
10.9.2.1 Plane target
10.9.2.2 Rotating target
10.9.3 Beijing Scistar Technology Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.10 FDC
10.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.10.2 Palladium silver target Product Type, Application and Specification
10.10.2.1 Plane target
10.10.2.2 Rotating target
10.10.3 FDC Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
10.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.11 Shanghai SS Co.,Ltd
10.12 Krastsvetmet
10.13 Sputtertargets
10.14 Cathaymaterials
10.15 STMCON
10.16 Changsha Xinkang Advanced Materials Co., Ltd.
11 PALLADIUM SILVER TARGET MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS
11.1 Palladium silver target Key Raw Materials Analysis
11.1.1 Key Raw Materials
11.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
11.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
11.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
11.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
11.2.1 Raw Materials
11.2.2 Labor Cost
11.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
11.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Palladium silver target
12 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS
12.1 Palladium silver target Industrial Chain Analysis
12.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
12.3 Raw Materials Sources of Palladium silver target Major Manufacturers in 2015
12.4 Downstream Buyers
13 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS
13.1 Marketing Channel
13.1.1 Direct Marketing
13.1.2 Indirect Marketing
13.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
13.2 Market Positioning
13.2.1 Pricing Strategy
13.2.2 Brand Strategy
13.2.3 Target Client
13.3 Distributors/Traders List
14 EUROPE PALLADIUM SILVER TARGET MARKET FORECAST (2016-2021)
14.1 Germany Palladium silver target Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.2 France Palladium silver target Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.3 UK Palladium silver target Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.4 Russia Palladium silver target Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.5 Italy Palladium silver target Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.6 Spain Palladium silver target Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.7 Benelux Palladium silver target Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.8 Europe Palladium silver target Sales Forecast by Type (2016-2021)
14.9 Europe Palladium silver target Sales Forecast by Application (2016-2021)
15 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION
16 APPENDIX
Methodology
Analyst Introduction
Data Source
The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Figure Picture of Palladium silver target
Table Classification of Palladium silver target
Figure Europe Sales Market Share of Palladium silver target by Type in 2015
Figure Plane target Picture
Figure Rotating target Picture
Table Application of Palladium silver target
Figure Europe Sales Market Share of Palladium silver target by Application in 2015
Figure Display?industry Examples
Figure Solar?energy?industry Examples
Figure Automobile?industry Examples
Figure Other Examples
Figure Germany Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure France Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure UK Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Russia Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Italy Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Spain Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Benelux Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Europe Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Europe Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Table Europe Palladium silver target Sales of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Europe Palladium silver target Sales Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Figure 2015 Palladium silver target Sales Share by Manufacturers
Figure 2016 Palladium silver target Sales Share by Manufacturers
Table Europe Palladium silver target Revenue by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Europe Palladium silver target Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table 2015 Europe Palladium silver target Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table 2016 Europe Palladium silver target Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table Europe Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Palladium silver target Sales Share by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Palladium silver target by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Europe Palladium silver target Sales Growth Rate by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Palladium silver target Revenue and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Palladium silver target Revenue Share by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Palladium silver target by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Europe Palladium silver target Revenue Growth Rate by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)
Table Europe Palladium silver target Sales Share by Countries (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Palladium silver target by Countries (2011-2016)
Table Europe Palladium silver target Revenue and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)
Table Europe Palladium silver target Revenue Share by Countries (2011-2016)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Palladium silver target by Countries (2011-2016)
Table Europe Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Table Europe Palladium silver target Sales Share by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Palladium silver target by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Germany Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Germany Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Germany Palladium silver target Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Germany Palladium silver target Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Palladium silver target Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Palladium silver target Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Palladium silver target Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Palladium silver target Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Palladium silver target Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure France Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure France Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure France Palladium silver target Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table France Palladium silver target Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table France Palladium silver target Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table France Palladium silver target Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table France Palladium silver target Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table France Palladium silver target Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table France Palladium silver target Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure UK Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure UK Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure UK Palladium silver target Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table UK Palladium silver target Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Palladium silver target Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Palladium silver target Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Palladium silver target Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Palladium silver target Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Palladium silver target Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Russia Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Russia Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Russia Palladium silver target Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Russia Palladium silver target Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Palladium silver target Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Palladium silver target Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Palladium silver target Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Palladium silver target Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Palladium silver target Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Italy Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Italy Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Italy Palladium silver target Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Italy Palladium silver target Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Palladium silver target Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Palladium silver target Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Palladium silver target Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Palladium silver target Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Palladium silver target Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Spain Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Spain Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Spain Palladium silver target Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Spain Palladium silver target Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Palladium silver target Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Palladium silver target Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Palladium silver target Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Palladium silver target Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Palladium silver target Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Benelux Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Benelux Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Benelux Palladium silver target Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Benelux Palladium silver target Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Palladium silver target Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Palladium silver target Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Palladium silver target Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Palladium silver target Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Palladium silver target Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Palladium silver target Basic Information List
Table Lesker Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Lesker Palladium silver target Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table SAM Basic Information List
Table SAM Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table SAM Palladium silver target Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Nexteck Basic Information List
Table Nexteck Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Nexteck Palladium silver target Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table ZNXC Basic Information List
Table ZNXC Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table ZNXC Palladium silver target Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Beijing Guanli Basic Information List
Table Beijing Guanli Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Beijing Guanli Palladium silver target Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Kaize Metals Basic Information List
Table Kaize Metals Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Kaize Metals Palladium silver target Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table E-light Basic Information List
Table E-light Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table E-light Palladium silver target Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table German tech Basic Information List
Table German tech Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table German tech Palladium silver target Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Beijing Scistar Technology Basic Information List
Table Beijing Scistar Technology Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Beijing Scistar Technology Palladium silver target Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table FDC Basic Information List
Table FDC Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table FDC Palladium silver target Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Shanghai SS Co.,Ltd Basic Information List
Table Krastsvetmet Basic Information List
Table Sputtertargets Basic Information List
Table Cathaymaterials Basic Information List
Table STMCON Basic Information List
Table Changsha Xinkang Advanced Materials Co., Ltd. Basic Information List
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Palladium silver target
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Palladium silver target
Figure Palladium silver target Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Palladium silver target Major Manufacturers in 2015
Table Major Buyers of Palladium silver target
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure Germany Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Germany Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure France Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure France Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure UK Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure UK Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Russia Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Russia Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Italy Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Italy Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Spain Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Spain Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Benelux Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Benelux Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Table Europe Palladium silver target Sales Forecast by Type (2016-2021)
Table Europe Palladium silver target Sales Forecast by Application (2016-2021)
Figure Picture of Palladium silver target
Table Classification of Palladium silver target
Figure Europe Sales Market Share of Palladium silver target by Type in 2015
Figure Plane target Picture
Figure Rotating target Picture
Table Application of Palladium silver target
Figure Europe Sales Market Share of Palladium silver target by Application in 2015
Figure Display?industry Examples
Figure Solar?energy?industry Examples
Figure Automobile?industry Examples
Figure Other Examples
Figure Germany Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure France Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure UK Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Russia Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Italy Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Spain Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Benelux Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Europe Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Europe Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Table Europe Palladium silver target Sales of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Europe Palladium silver target Sales Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Figure 2015 Palladium silver target Sales Share by Manufacturers
Figure 2016 Palladium silver target Sales Share by Manufacturers
Table Europe Palladium silver target Revenue by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Europe Palladium silver target Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table 2015 Europe Palladium silver target Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table 2016 Europe Palladium silver target Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table Europe Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Palladium silver target Sales Share by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Palladium silver target by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Europe Palladium silver target Sales Growth Rate by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Palladium silver target Revenue and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Palladium silver target Revenue Share by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Palladium silver target by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Europe Palladium silver target Revenue Growth Rate by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)
Table Europe Palladium silver target Sales Share by Countries (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Palladium silver target by Countries (2011-2016)
Table Europe Palladium silver target Revenue and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)
Table Europe Palladium silver target Revenue Share by Countries (2011-2016)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Palladium silver target by Countries (2011-2016)
Table Europe Palladium silver target Sales and Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Table Europe Palladium silver target Sales Share by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Palladium silver target by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Germany Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Germany Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Germany Palladium silver target Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Germany Palladium silver target Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Palladium silver target Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Palladium silver target Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Palladium silver target Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Palladium silver target Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Palladium silver target Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure France Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure France Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure France Palladium silver target Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table France Palladium silver target Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table France Palladium silver target Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table France Palladium silver target Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table France Palladium silver target Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table France Palladium silver target Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table France Palladium silver target Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure UK Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure UK Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure UK Palladium silver target Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table UK Palladium silver target Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Palladium silver target Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Palladium silver target Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Palladium silver target Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Palladium silver target Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Palladium silver target Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Russia Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Russia Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Russia Palladium silver target Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Russia Palladium silver target Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Palladium silver target Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Palladium silver target Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Palladium silver target Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Palladium silver target Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Palladium silver target Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Italy Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Italy Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Italy Palladium silver target Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Italy Palladium silver target Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Palladium silver target Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Palladium silver target Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Palladium silver target Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Palladium silver target Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Palladium silver target Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Spain Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Spain Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Spain Palladium silver target Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Spain Palladium silver target Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Palladium silver target Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Palladium silver target Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Palladium silver target Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Palladium silver target Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Palladium silver target Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Benelux Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Benelux Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Benelux Palladium silver target Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Benelux Palladium silver target Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Palladium silver target Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Palladium silver target Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Palladium silver target Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Palladium silver target Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Palladium silver target Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Palladium silver target Basic Information List
Table Lesker Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Lesker Palladium silver target Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table SAM Basic Information List
Table SAM Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table SAM Palladium silver target Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Nexteck Basic Information List
Table Nexteck Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Nexteck Palladium silver target Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table ZNXC Basic Information List
Table ZNXC Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table ZNXC Palladium silver target Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Beijing Guanli Basic Information List
Table Beijing Guanli Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Beijing Guanli Palladium silver target Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Kaize Metals Basic Information List
Table Kaize Metals Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Kaize Metals Palladium silver target Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table E-light Basic Information List
Table E-light Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table E-light Palladium silver target Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table German tech Basic Information List
Table German tech Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table German tech Palladium silver target Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Beijing Scistar Technology Basic Information List
Table Beijing Scistar Technology Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Beijing Scistar Technology Palladium silver target Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table FDC Basic Information List
Table FDC Palladium silver target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table FDC Palladium silver target Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Shanghai SS Co.,Ltd Basic Information List
Table Krastsvetmet Basic Information List
Table Sputtertargets Basic Information List
Table Cathaymaterials Basic Information List
Table STMCON Basic Information List
Table Changsha Xinkang Advanced Materials Co., Ltd. Basic Information List
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Palladium silver target
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Palladium silver target
Figure Palladium silver target Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Palladium silver target Major Manufacturers in 2015
Table Major Buyers of Palladium silver target
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure Germany Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Germany Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure France Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure France Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure UK Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure UK Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Russia Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Russia Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Italy Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Italy Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Spain Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Spain Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Benelux Palladium silver target Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Benelux Palladium silver target Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Table Europe Palladium silver target Sales Forecast by Type (2016-2021)
Table Europe Palladium silver target Sales Forecast by Application (2016-2021)