Europe Isononyl Alcohol Industry Market Analysis & Forecast 2018-2023

June 2018 | 136 pages | ID: E01DD256175EN
S&P Consulting

Abstracts

In the Europe Isononyl Alcohol Industry Market Analysis & Forecast 2018-2023, the revenue is valued at USD XX million in 2017 and is expected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2023, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2018 and 2023. The production is estimated at XX million in 2017 and is forecasted to reach XX million by the end of 2023, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2018 and 2023.

It covers Regional Segment Analysis, Type, Appliction, Major Manufactures, Industry Chain Analysis, Competitive Insights and Macroeconomic Analysis.

Europe Isononyl Alcohol Market Analysis by Countries:

• Germany
• France
• UK
• Russia
• Italy
• Spain
• Benelux

The Major players reported in the market include:

• company 1
• company 2
• company 3
• company 4
• company 5
• company 6
• company 7
• company 8
• company 9

Europe Isononyl Alcohol Market Analysis by Product:

• Type 1
• Type 2
• Type 3

Europe Isononyl Alcohol Market Analysis by Application:

• Application 1
• Application 2
• Application 3

Reasons for Buying this Report

• This report provides pin-point analysis for changing competitive dynamics
• It provides a forward looking perspective on different factors driving or restraining market growth
• It provides a six-year forecast assessed on the basis of how the market is predicted to grow
• It helps in understanding the key product segments and their future
• It provides pin point analysis of changing competition dynamics and keeps you ahead of competitors
• It helps in making informed business decisions by having complete insights of market and by making in-depth analysis of market segments

Contents

1 ISONONYL ALCOHOL MARKET OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Isononyl Alcohol
1.2 Classification of Isononyl Alcohol
  1.2.1 Type
  1.2.2 Type
  1.2.3 Type
1.3 Application of Isononyl Alcohol
  1.3.2 Application
  1.3.3 Application
  1.3.4 Application
1.4 Isononyl Alcohol Market States Status and Prospect (2013-2023) by Countries
  1.4.1 Germany
  1.4.2 France
  1.4.3 UK
  1.4.4 Russia
  1.4.5 Italy
  1.4.6 Spain
  1.4.7 Benelux
1.5 Europe Market Size (Value and Volume) of Isononyl Alcohol (2013-2023)
  1.5.1 Europe Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2023)
  1.5.2 Europe Isononyl Alcohol Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2023)

2 EUROPE ECONOMIC IMPACT ON ISONONYL ALCOHOL INDUSTRY

2.1 Europe Macroeconomic Analysis
2.2 Europe Macroeconomic Environment Development Trend

3 ISONONYL ALCOHOL MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

3.1 Isononyl Alcohol Key Raw Materials Analysis
  3.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  3.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  3.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  3.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
3.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  3.2.1 Raw Materials
  3.2.2 Labor Cost
  3.2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Isononyl Alcohol

4 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

4.1 Isononyl Alcohol Industrial Chain Analysis
4.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
4.3 Raw Materials Sources of Isononyl Alcohol Major Manufacturers in 2016
4.4 Downstream Buyers

5 EUROPE ISONONYL ALCOHOL MARKET ANALYSIS BY MANUFACTURERS, TYPE AND APPLICATION

5.1 Europe Isononyl Alcohol Market Competition by Manufacturers
  5.1.1 Europe Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Market Share of Key Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
  5.1.2 Europe Isononyl Alcohol Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
5.2 Europe Isononyl Alcohol (Volume and Value) by Type
  5.2.1 Europe Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
  5.2.2 Europe Isononyl Alcohol Revenue and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
5.3 Europe Isononyl Alcohol (Volume and Value) by Countries
  5.3.1 Europe Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Market Share by Countries (2013-2018)
  5.3.2 Europe Isononyl Alcohol Revenue and Market Share by Countries (2013-2018)
5.4 Europe Isononyl Alcohol (Volume) by Application

6 GERMANY ISONONYL ALCOHOL (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

6.1 Germany Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Value (2013-2018)
  6.1.1 Germany Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
  6.1.2 Germany Isononyl Alcohol Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
  6.1.3 Germany Isononyl Alcohol Sales Price Trend (2013-2018)
6.2 Germany Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
6.3 Germany Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Market Share by Type
6.4 Germany Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Market Share by Application

7 FRANCE ISONONYL ALCOHOL (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

7.1 France Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Value (2013-2018)
  7.1.1 France Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
  7.1.2 France Isononyl Alcohol Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
  7.1.3 France Isononyl Alcohol Sales Price Trend (2013-2018)
7.2 France Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
7.3 France Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Market Share by Type
7.4 France Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Market Share by Application

8 UK ISONONYL ALCOHOL (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

8.1 UK Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Value (2013-2018)
  8.1.1 UK Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
  8.1.2 UK Isononyl Alcohol Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
  8.1.3 UK Isononyl Alcohol Sales Price Trend (2013-2018)
8.2 UK Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
8.3 UK Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Market Share by Type
8.4 UK Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Market Share by Application

9 RUSSIA ISONONYL ALCOHOL (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

9.1 Russia Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Value (2013-2018)
  9.1.1 Russia Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
  9.1.2 Russia Isononyl Alcohol Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
  9.1.3 Russia Isononyl Alcohol Sales Price Trend (2013-2018)
9.2 Russia Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
9.3 Russia Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Market Share by Type
9.4 Russia Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Market Share by Application

10 ITALY ISONONYL ALCOHOL (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

10.1 Italy Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Value (2013-2018)
  10.1.1 Italy Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
  10.1.2 Italy Isononyl Alcohol Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
  10.1.3 Italy Isononyl Alcohol Sales Price Trend (2013-2018)
10.2 Italy Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
10.3 Italy Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Market Share by Type
10.4 Italy Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Market Share by Application

11 SPAIN ISONONYL ALCOHOL (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

11.1 Spain Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Value (2013-2018)
  11.1.1 Spain Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
  11.1.2 Spain Isononyl Alcohol Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
  11.1.3 Spain Isononyl Alcohol Sales Price Trend (2013-2018)
11.2 Spain Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
11.3 Spain Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Market Share by Type
11.4 Spain Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Market Share by Application

12 BENELUX ISONONYL ALCOHOL (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

12.1 Benelux Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Value (2013-2018)
  12.1.1 Benelux Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
  12.1.2 Benelux Isononyl Alcohol Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
  12.1.3 Benelux Isononyl Alcohol Sales Price Trend (2013-2018)
12.2 Benelux Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
12.3 Benelux Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Market Share by Type
12.4 Benelux Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Market Share by Application

13 EUROPE ISONONYL ALCOHOL MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS

13.1 company
  13.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.1.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.1.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  13.1.4 Business Overview
13.2 company
  13.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.2.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.2.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  13.2.4 Business Overview
13.3 company
  13.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.3.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.3.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  13.3.4 Business Overview
13.4 company
  13.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.4.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.4.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  13.4.4 Business Overview
13.5 company
  13.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.5.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.5.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  13.5.4 Business Overview
13.6 company
  13.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.6.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.6.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  13.6.4 Business Overview
13.7 company
  13.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.7.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.7.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  13.7.4 Business Overview
13.8 company
  13.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.8.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.8.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  13.8.4 Business Overview
13.9 company
  13.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.9.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.9.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  13.9.4 Business Overview

13 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

13.1 Marketing Channel
  13.1.1 Direct Marketing
  13.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  13.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
13.2 Market Positioning
  13.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  13.2.2 Brand Strategy
  13.2.3 Target Client
13.3 Distributors/Traders List

14 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

14.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  14.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  14.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
14.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
14.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

15 EUROPE ISONONYL ALCOHOL MARKET FORECAST (2018-2023)

15.1 Germany Market Forecast (2018-2023)
15.2 France Market Forecast (2018-2023)
15.3 UK Market Forecast (2018-2023)
15.4 Russia Market Forecast (2018-2023)
15.5 Italy Market Forecast (2018-2023)
15.6 Spain Market Forecast (2018-2023)
15.7 Benelux Market Forecast (2018-2023)
15.8 Europe Isononyl Alcohol Market Forecast by Type (2018-2023)
15.9 Europe Isononyl Alcohol Market Forecast by Application (2018-2023)

16 APPENDIX

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Picture of Isononyl Alcohol
Table Classification of Isononyl Alcohol
Figure Europe Sales Market Share of Isononyl Alcohol by Type in 2016
Table Application of Isononyl Alcohol
Figure Europe Sales Market Share of Isononyl Alcohol by Application in 2016
Figure Germany Isononyl Alcohol Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2023)
Figure France Isononyl Alcohol Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2023)
Figure UK Isononyl Alcohol Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2023)
Figure Russia Isononyl Alcohol Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2023)
Figure Italy Isononyl Alcohol Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2023)
Figure Spain Isononyl Alcohol Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2023)
Figure Benelux Isononyl Alcohol Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2023)
Figure Europe Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2023)
Figure Europe Isononyl Alcohol Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2023)
Table Europe Isononyl Alcohol Sales of Key Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
Table Europe Isononyl Alcohol Sales Share by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
Figure 2015 Isononyl Alcohol Sales Share by Manufacturers
Figure 2016 Isononyl Alcohol Sales Share by Manufacturers
Table Europe Isononyl Alcohol Revenue by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
Table Europe Isononyl Alcohol Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
Table 2015 Europe Isononyl Alcohol Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table 2016 Europe Isononyl Alcohol Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table Europe Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
Table Europe Isononyl Alcohol Sales Share by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Sales Market Share of Isononyl Alcohol by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Europe Isononyl Alcohol Sales Growth Rate by Type (2013-2018)
Table Europe Isononyl Alcohol Revenue and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
Table Europe Isononyl Alcohol Revenue Share by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Isononyl Alcohol by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Europe Isononyl Alcohol Revenue Growth Rate by Type (2013-2018)
Table Europe Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Market Share by Countries (2013-2018)
Table Europe Isononyl Alcohol Sales Share by Countries (2013-2018)
Figure Sales Market Share of Isononyl Alcohol by Countries (2013-2018)
Table Europe Isononyl Alcohol Revenue and Market Share by Countries (2013-2018)
Table Europe Isononyl Alcohol Revenue Share by Countries (2013-2018)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Isononyl Alcohol by Countries (2013-2018)
Table Europe Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Market Share by Application (2013-2018)
Table Europe Isononyl Alcohol Sales Share by Application (2013-2018)
Figure Sales Market Share of Isononyl Alcohol by Application (2013-2018)
Figure Germany Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Germany Isononyl Alcohol Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Germany Isononyl Alcohol Sales Price Trend (2013-2018)
Table Germany Isononyl Alcohol Sales by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
Table Germany Isononyl Alcohol Market Share by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
Table Germany Isononyl Alcohol Sales by Type (2016 and 2017)
Table Germany Isononyl Alcohol Market Share by Type (2016 and 2017)
Table Germany Isononyl Alcohol Sales by Application (2016 and 2017)
Table Germany Isononyl Alcohol Market Share by Application (2016 and 2017)
Figure France Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure France Isononyl Alcohol Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure France Isononyl Alcohol Sales Price Trend (2013-2018)
Table France Isononyl Alcohol Sales by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
Table France Isononyl Alcohol Market Share by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
Table France Isononyl Alcohol Sales by Type (2016 and 2017)
Table France Isononyl Alcohol Market Share by Type (2016 and 2017)
Table France Isononyl Alcohol Sales by Application (2016 and 2017)
Table France Isononyl Alcohol Market Share by Application (2016 and 2017)
Figure UK Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure UK Isononyl Alcohol Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure UK Isononyl Alcohol Sales Price Trend (2013-2018)
Table UK Isononyl Alcohol Sales by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
Table UK Isononyl Alcohol Market Share by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
Table UK Isononyl Alcohol Sales by Type (2016 and 2017)
Table UK Isononyl Alcohol Market Share by Type (2016 and 2017)
Table UK Isononyl Alcohol Sales by Application (2016 and 2017)
Table UK Isononyl Alcohol Market Share by Application (2016 and 2017)
Figure Russia Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Russia Isononyl Alcohol Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Russia Isononyl Alcohol Sales Price Trend (2013-2018)
Table Russia Isononyl Alcohol Sales by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
Table Russia Isononyl Alcohol Market Share by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
Table Russia Isononyl Alcohol Sales by Type (2016 and 2017)
Table Russia Isononyl Alcohol Market Share by Type (2016 and 2017)
Table Russia Isononyl Alcohol Sales by Application (2016 and 2017)
Table Russia Isononyl Alcohol Market Share by Application (2016 and 2017)
Figure Italy Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Italy Isononyl Alcohol Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Italy Isononyl Alcohol Sales Price Trend (2013-2018)
Table Italy Isononyl Alcohol Sales by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
Table Italy Isononyl Alcohol Market Share by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
Table Italy Isononyl Alcohol Sales by Type (2016 and 2017)
Table Italy Isononyl Alcohol Market Share by Type (2016 and 2017)
Table Italy Isononyl Alcohol Sales by Application (2016 and 2017)
Table Italy Isononyl Alcohol Market Share by Application (2016 and 2017)
Figure Spain Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Spain Isononyl Alcohol Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Spain Isononyl Alcohol Sales Price Trend (2013-2018)
Table Spain Isononyl Alcohol Sales by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
Table Spain Isononyl Alcohol Market Share by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
Table Spain Isononyl Alcohol Sales by Type (2016 and 2017)
Table Spain Isononyl Alcohol Market Share by Type (2016 and 2017)
Table Spain Isononyl Alcohol Sales by Application (2016 and 2017)
Table Spain Isononyl Alcohol Market Share by Application (2016 and 2017)
Figure Benelux Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Benelux Isononyl Alcohol Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Benelux Isononyl Alcohol Sales Price Trend (2013-2018)
Table Benelux Isononyl Alcohol Sales by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
Table Benelux Isononyl Alcohol Market Share by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
Table Benelux Isononyl Alcohol Sales by Type (2016 and 2017)
Table Benelux Isononyl Alcohol Market Share by Type (2016 and 2017)
Table Benelux Isononyl Alcohol Sales by Application (2016 and 2017)
Table Benelux Isononyl Alcohol Market Share by Application (2016 and 2017)
Table company 1 Basic Information List
Table company 1 Isononyl Alcohol Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure company 1 Isononyl Alcohol Sales Market Share (2013-2018)
Table company 2 Basic Information List
Table company 2 Isononyl Alcohol Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table company 2 Isononyl Alcohol Sales Market Share (2013-2018)
Table company 3 Basic Information List
Table company 3 Isononyl Alcohol Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure company 3 Isononyl Alcohol Sales Market Share (2013-2018)
Table company 4 Basic Information List
Table company 4 Isononyl Alcohol Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table company 4 Isononyl Alcohol Sales Market Share (2013-2018)
Table company 5 Basic Information List
Table company 5 Isononyl Alcohol Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure company 5 Isononyl Alcohol Sales Market Share (2013-2018)
Table company 6 Basic Information List
Table company 6 Isononyl Alcohol Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table company 6 Isononyl Alcohol Sales Market Share (2013-2018)
Table company 7 Basic Information List
Table company 7 Isononyl Alcohol Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure company 7 Isononyl Alcohol Sales Market Share (2013-2018)
Table company 8 Basic Information List
Table company 8 Isononyl Alcohol Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table company 8 Isononyl Alcohol Sales Market Share (2013-2018)
Table company 9 Basic Information List
Table company 9 Isononyl Alcohol Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure company 9 Isononyl Alcohol Sales Market Share (2013-2018).
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Isononyl Alcohol
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Isononyl Alcohol
Figure Isononyl Alcohol Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Isononyl Alcohol Major Manufacturers in 2016
Table Major Buyers of Isononyl Alcohol
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure Germany Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2023)
Figure Germany Isononyl Alcohol Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2023)
Figure France Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2023)
Figure France Isononyl Alcohol Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2023)
Figure UK Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2023)
Figure UK Isononyl Alcohol Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2023)
Figure Russia Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2023)
Figure Russia Isononyl Alcohol Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2023)
Figure Italy Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2023)
Figure Italy Isononyl Alcohol Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2023)
Figure Spain Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2023)
Figure Spain Isononyl Alcohol Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2023)
Figure Benelux Isononyl Alcohol Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2023)
Figure Benelux Isononyl Alcohol Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2023)
Table Europe Isononyl Alcohol Sales Forecast by Type (2018-2023)
Table Europe Isononyl Alcohol Sales Forecast by Application (2018-2023)