Europe Barium Fluoride Market Research Report Forecast 2017-2021

March 2017 | 135 pages | ID: E995436FE0CEN
S&P Consulting

Abstracts

The Europe Barium Fluoride Market Research Report Forecast 2017-2021 is a valuable source of insightful data for business strategists. It provides the Barium Fluoride industry overview with growth analysis and historical & futuristic cost, revenue, demand and supply data (as applicable). The research analysts provide an elaborate description of the value chain and its distributor analysis. This Barium Fluoride market study provides comprehensive data which enhances the understanding, scope and application of this report.

This report provides comprehensive analysis of

• Key market segments and sub-segments
• Evolving market trends and dynamics
• Changing supply and demand scenarios
• Quantifying market opportunities through market sizing and market forecasting
• Tracking current trends/opportunities/challenges
• Competitive insights
• Opportunity mapping in terms of technological breakthroughs

Europe Barium Fluoride Market Analysis by Countries:

Germany
France
UK
Russia
Italy
Spain
Benelux

The Major players reported in the market include:

Solvay
Axiom Corporation BVBA
MORITA CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
OHYO KOKEN KOGYO
STELLA CHEMIFA CORPORATION
Chemalloy Company
MFPL
Nantong Jinxing Fluorine Chemical
Fujian Qucheng Chemical

Europe Barium Fluoride Market Analysis by Product:

Type 1
Type 2
Type 3

Europe Barium Fluoride Market Analysis by Application:

Application 1
Application 2
Application 3

Reasons for Buying this Report

• This report provides pin-point analysis for changing competitive dynamics
• It provides a forward looking perspective on different factors driving or restraining market growth
• It provides a six-year forecast assessed on the basis of how the market is predicted to grow
• It helps in understanding the key product segments and their future
• It provides pin point analysis of changing competition dynamics and keeps you ahead of competitors
• It helps in making informed business decisions by having complete insights of market and by making in-depth analysis of market segments

Contents

1 BARIUM FLUORIDE MARKET OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Barium Fluoride
1.2 Classification of Barium Fluoride
  1.2.1 Type
  1.2.2 Type
  1.2.3 Type
1.3 Application of Barium Fluoride
  1.3.2 Application
  1.3.3 Application
  1.3.4 Application
1.4 Barium Fluoride Market States Status and Prospect (2012-2021) by Countries
  1.4.1 Germany
  1.4.2 France
  1.4.3 UK
  1.4.4 Russia
  1.4.5 Italy
  1.4.6 Spain
  1.4.7 Benelux
1.5 Europe Market Size (Value and Volume) of Barium Fluoride (2012-2021)
  1.5.1 Europe Barium Fluoride Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
  1.5.2 Europe Barium Fluoride Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2021)

2 EUROPE ECONOMIC IMPACT ON BARIUM FLUORIDE INDUSTRY

2.1 Europe Macroeconomic Analysis
2.2 Europe Macroeconomic Environment Development Trend

3 BARIUM FLUORIDE MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

3.1 Barium Fluoride Key Raw Materials Analysis
  3.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  3.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  3.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  3.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
3.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  3.2.1 Raw Materials
  3.2.2 Labor Cost
  3.2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Barium Fluoride

4 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

4.1 Barium Fluoride Industrial Chain Analysis
4.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
4.3 Raw Materials Sources of Barium Fluoride Major Manufacturers in 2015
4.4 Downstream Buyers

5 EUROPE BARIUM FLUORIDE MARKET ANALYSIS BY MANUFACTURERS, TYPE AND APPLICATION

5.1 Europe Barium Fluoride Market Competition by Manufacturers
  5.1.1 Europe Barium Fluoride Sales and Market Share of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
  5.1.2 Europe Barium Fluoride Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
5.2 Europe Barium Fluoride (Volume and Value) by Type
  5.2.1 Europe Barium Fluoride Sales and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
  5.2.2 Europe Barium Fluoride Revenue and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
5.3 Europe Barium Fluoride (Volume and Value) by Countries
  5.3.1 Europe Barium Fluoride Sales and Market Share by Countries (2012-2017)
  5.3.2 Europe Barium Fluoride Revenue and Market Share by Countries (2012-2017)
5.4 Europe Barium Fluoride (Volume) by Application

6 GERMANY BARIUM FLUORIDE (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

6.1 Germany Barium Fluoride Sales and Value (2012-2017)
  6.1.1 Germany Barium Fluoride Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  6.1.2 Germany Barium Fluoride Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  6.1.3 Germany Barium Fluoride Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
6.2 Germany Barium Fluoride Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
6.3 Germany Barium Fluoride Sales and Market Share by Type
6.4 Germany Barium Fluoride Sales and Market Share by Application

7 FRANCE BARIUM FLUORIDE (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

7.1 France Barium Fluoride Sales and Value (2012-2017)
  7.1.1 France Barium Fluoride Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  7.1.2 France Barium Fluoride Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  7.1.3 France Barium Fluoride Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
7.2 France Barium Fluoride Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
7.3 France Barium Fluoride Sales and Market Share by Type
7.4 France Barium Fluoride Sales and Market Share by Application

8 UK BARIUM FLUORIDE (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

8.1 UK Barium Fluoride Sales and Value (2012-2017)
  8.1.1 UK Barium Fluoride Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  8.1.2 UK Barium Fluoride Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  8.1.3 UK Barium Fluoride Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
8.2 UK Barium Fluoride Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
8.3 UK Barium Fluoride Sales and Market Share by Type
8.4 UK Barium Fluoride Sales and Market Share by Application

9 RUSSIA BARIUM FLUORIDE (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

9.1 Russia Barium Fluoride Sales and Value (2012-2017)
  9.1.1 Russia Barium Fluoride Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  9.1.2 Russia Barium Fluoride Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  9.1.3 Russia Barium Fluoride Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
9.2 Russia Barium Fluoride Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
9.3 Russia Barium Fluoride Sales and Market Share by Type
9.4 Russia Barium Fluoride Sales and Market Share by Application

10 ITALY BARIUM FLUORIDE (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

10.1 Italy Barium Fluoride Sales and Value (2012-2017)
  10.1.1 Italy Barium Fluoride Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  10.1.2 Italy Barium Fluoride Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  10.1.3 Italy Barium Fluoride Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
10.2 Italy Barium Fluoride Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
10.3 Italy Barium Fluoride Sales and Market Share by Type
10.4 Italy Barium Fluoride Sales and Market Share by Application

11 SPAIN BARIUM FLUORIDE (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

11.1 Spain Barium Fluoride Sales and Value (2012-2017)
  11.1.1 Spain Barium Fluoride Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  11.1.2 Spain Barium Fluoride Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  11.1.3 Spain Barium Fluoride Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
11.2 Spain Barium Fluoride Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
11.3 Spain Barium Fluoride Sales and Market Share by Type
11.4 Spain Barium Fluoride Sales and Market Share by Application

12 BENELUX BARIUM FLUORIDE (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

12.1 Benelux Barium Fluoride Sales and Value (2012-2017)
  12.1.1 Benelux Barium Fluoride Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  12.1.2 Benelux Barium Fluoride Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  12.1.3 Benelux Barium Fluoride Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
12.2 Benelux Barium Fluoride Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
12.3 Benelux Barium Fluoride Sales and Market Share by Type
12.4 Benelux Barium Fluoride Sales and Market Share by Application

13 EUROPE BARIUM FLUORIDE MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS

13.1 Solvay
  13.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.1.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.1.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  13.1.4 Business Overview
13.2 Axiom Corporation BVBA
  13.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.2.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.2.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  13.2.4 Business Overview
13.3 MORITA CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
  13.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.3.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.3.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  13.3.4 Business Overview
13.4 OHYO KOKEN KOGYO
  13.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.4.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.4.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  13.4.4 Business Overview
13.5 STELLA CHEMIFA CORPORATION
  13.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.5.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.5.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  13.5.4 Business Overview
13.6 Chemalloy Company
  13.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.6.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.6.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  13.6.4 Business Overview
13.7 MFPL
  13.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.7.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.7.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  13.7.4 Business Overview
13.8 Nantong Jinxing Fluorine Chemical
  13.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.8.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.8.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  13.8.4 Business Overview
13.9 Fujian Qucheng Chemical
  13.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.9.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.9.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  13.9.4 Business Overview

13 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

13.1 Marketing Channel
  13.1.1 Direct Marketing
  13.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  13.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
13.2 Market Positioning
  13.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  13.2.2 Brand Strategy
  13.2.3 Target Client
13.3 Distributors/Traders List

14 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

14.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  14.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  14.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
14.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
14.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

15 EUROPE BARIUM FLUORIDE MARKET FORECAST (2017-2021)

15.1 Germany Market Forecast (2017-2021)
15.2 France Market Forecast (2017-2021)
15.3 UK Market Forecast (2017-2021)
15.4 Russia Market Forecast (2017-2021)
15.5 Italy Market Forecast (2017-2021)
15.6 Spain Market Forecast (2017-2021)
15.7 Benelux Market Forecast (2017-2021)
15.8 Europe Barium Fluoride Market Forecast by Type (2017-2021)
15.9 Europe Barium Fluoride Market Forecast by Application (2017-2021)

16 APPENDIX

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Picture of Barium Fluoride
Table Classification of Barium Fluoride
Figure Europe Sales Market Share of Barium Fluoride by Type in 2015
Table Application of Barium Fluoride
Figure Europe Sales Market Share of Barium Fluoride by Application in 2015
Figure Germany Barium Fluoride Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
Figure France Barium Fluoride Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
Figure UK Barium Fluoride Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
Figure Russia Barium Fluoride Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
Figure Italy Barium Fluoride Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
Figure Spain Barium Fluoride Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
Figure Benelux Barium Fluoride Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
Figure Europe Barium Fluoride Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
Figure Europe Barium Fluoride Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
Table Europe Barium Fluoride Sales of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Europe Barium Fluoride Sales Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Figure 2015 Barium Fluoride Sales Share by Manufacturers
Figure 2016 Barium Fluoride Sales Share by Manufacturers
Table Europe Barium Fluoride Revenue by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Europe Barium Fluoride Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table 2015 Europe Barium Fluoride Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table 2016 Europe Barium Fluoride Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table Europe Barium Fluoride Sales and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table Europe Barium Fluoride Sales Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Sales Market Share of Barium Fluoride by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Europe Barium Fluoride Sales Growth Rate by Type (2012-2017)
Table Europe Barium Fluoride Revenue and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table Europe Barium Fluoride Revenue Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Barium Fluoride by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Europe Barium Fluoride Revenue Growth Rate by Type (2012-2017)
Table Europe Barium Fluoride Sales and Market Share by Countries (2012-2017)
Table Europe Barium Fluoride Sales Share by Countries (2012-2017)
Figure Sales Market Share of Barium Fluoride by Countries (2012-2017)
Table Europe Barium Fluoride Revenue and Market Share by Countries (2012-2017)
Table Europe Barium Fluoride Revenue Share by Countries (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Barium Fluoride by Countries (2012-2017)
Table Europe Barium Fluoride Sales and Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
Table Europe Barium Fluoride Sales Share by Application (2012-2017)
Figure Sales Market Share of Barium Fluoride by Application (2012-2017)
Figure Germany Barium Fluoride Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Germany Barium Fluoride Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Germany Barium Fluoride Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Germany Barium Fluoride Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Barium Fluoride Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Barium Fluoride Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Barium Fluoride Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Barium Fluoride Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Barium Fluoride Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure France Barium Fluoride Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure France Barium Fluoride Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure France Barium Fluoride Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table France Barium Fluoride Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table France Barium Fluoride Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table France Barium Fluoride Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table France Barium Fluoride Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table France Barium Fluoride Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table France Barium Fluoride Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure UK Barium Fluoride Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure UK Barium Fluoride Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure UK Barium Fluoride Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table UK Barium Fluoride Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Barium Fluoride Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Barium Fluoride Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Barium Fluoride Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Barium Fluoride Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Barium Fluoride Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Russia Barium Fluoride Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Russia Barium Fluoride Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Russia Barium Fluoride Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Russia Barium Fluoride Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Barium Fluoride Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Barium Fluoride Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Barium Fluoride Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Barium Fluoride Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Barium Fluoride Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Italy Barium Fluoride Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Italy Barium Fluoride Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Italy Barium Fluoride Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Italy Barium Fluoride Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Barium Fluoride Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Barium Fluoride Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Barium Fluoride Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Barium Fluoride Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Barium Fluoride Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Spain Barium Fluoride Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Spain Barium Fluoride Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Spain Barium Fluoride Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Spain Barium Fluoride Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Barium Fluoride Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Barium Fluoride Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Barium Fluoride Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Barium Fluoride Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Barium Fluoride Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Benelux Barium Fluoride Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Benelux Barium Fluoride Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Benelux Barium Fluoride Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Benelux Barium Fluoride Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Barium Fluoride Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Barium Fluoride Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Barium Fluoride Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Barium Fluoride Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Barium Fluoride Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Solvay Basic Information List
Table Solvay Barium Fluoride Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Solvay Barium Fluoride Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Axiom Corporation BVBA Basic Information List
Table Axiom Corporation BVBA Barium Fluoride Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Axiom Corporation BVBA Barium Fluoride Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table MORITA CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES Basic Information List
Table MORITA CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES Barium Fluoride Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure MORITA CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES Barium Fluoride Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table OHYO KOKEN KOGYO Basic Information List
Table OHYO KOKEN KOGYO Barium Fluoride Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table OHYO KOKEN KOGYO Barium Fluoride Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table STELLA CHEMIFA CORPORATION Basic Information List
Table STELLA CHEMIFA CORPORATION Barium Fluoride Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure STELLA CHEMIFA CORPORATION Barium Fluoride Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Chemalloy Company Basic Information List
Table Chemalloy Company Barium Fluoride Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Chemalloy Company Barium Fluoride Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table MFPL Basic Information List
Table MFPL Barium Fluoride Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure MFPL Barium Fluoride Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Nantong Jinxing Fluorine Chemical Basic Information List
Table Nantong Jinxing Fluorine Chemical Barium Fluoride Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Nantong Jinxing Fluorine Chemical Barium Fluoride Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Fujian Qucheng Chemical Basic Information List
Table Fujian Qucheng Chemical Barium Fluoride Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Fujian Qucheng Chemical Barium Fluoride Sales Market Share (2012-2017).
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Barium Fluoride
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Barium Fluoride
Figure Barium Fluoride Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Barium Fluoride Major Manufacturers in 2015
Table Major Buyers of Barium Fluoride
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure Germany Barium Fluoride Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure Germany Barium Fluoride Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure France Barium Fluoride Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure France Barium Fluoride Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure UK Barium Fluoride Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure UK Barium Fluoride Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure Russia Barium Fluoride Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure Russia Barium Fluoride Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure Italy Barium Fluoride Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure Italy Barium Fluoride Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure Spain Barium Fluoride Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure Spain Barium Fluoride Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure Benelux Barium Fluoride Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure Benelux Barium Fluoride Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Table Europe Barium Fluoride Sales Forecast by Type (2017-2021)
Table Europe Barium Fluoride Sales Forecast by Application (2017-2021)