Egypt Ammonia Market, By Grade Type (Anhydrous, Aqueous), By Application (Fertilizers, Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals, Electronics, Refrigeration, Household, Food, and Others), By Manufacturing Process (Steam Reforming, Partial Oxidation, Cryogenic Separation, Coal Gasification), By Region, Competition Forecast & Opportunities, 2018-2028F
Egypt Ammonia Market is anticipated to grow significantly in the projected period of 2028, driven by various market-driving factors such as growing industrialization, agriculture activities, and favorable government policies and initiatives.
Ammonia is a colorless gas with a strong, pungent odor. Its chemical formula is NH3 and is composed of one nitrogen atom and three hydrogen atoms. Ammonia is highly soluble in water and can be easily liquefied under pressure. It is widely used in the production of fertilizers, cleaning products, and industrial chemicals.
Ammonia is an important source of nitrogen, which is an essential nutrient for plant growth. It is used in the production of ammonium nitrate, a common fertilizer, and can also be used as a direct fertilizer in its gaseous form. Ammonia is also used in the manufacturing of many household cleaning products, including glass cleaners and disinfectants.
In industry, ammonia is used in the production of a variety of chemicals, including explosives, plastics, and textiles. It is also used in refrigeration systems as a cooling agent, where it is known as R717 or simply as 'ammonia refrigerant.' However, ammonia can be toxic at high concentrations, and exposure to ammonia vapor can irritate the eyes, nose, throat, and respiratory system. It is important to handle and store ammonia safely to avoid accidental exposure. Apart from these, Ammonia is a commonly used ingredient in household cleaning solutions, as it can dissolve grease and dirt. It can also be used to remove stains from clothes and carpets. Another characteristic is its lighter weight than air which is used for lifting gas for balloons and airships. Therefore, the wide use of ammonia by various end-user industries is going to drive Egypt's Ammonia market growth.
Growing Agricultural Activities in the Region Driving the Market Growth
Egypt has a rich agricultural history dating back to ancient times, and the country's fertile land has been a significant contributor to its economy. Today, agriculture remains a vital sector in Egypt, accounting for approximately 12% of the country's GDP and providing employment for around 25% of the population. The growth of agriculture activities in Egypt has also contributed to the growth of the ammonia market, with the rise in demand for ammonia-based fertilizers and other related products. Ammonia is a key ingredient to produce nitrogen fertilizers, which are essential for enhancing crop yields and food security. According to the World Economic Forum, ammonia is critical for the agriculture sector and global food security and has also been identified as an energy carrier for clean hydrogen in the future. In 2022, Egypt's agricultural exports exceeded the limit of 6.3 million tons, which is 624,000 tons more crops than 2021 exports.
The major factor driving the growth of agricultural activities in Egypt is the country's large population. With a population of more than 100 million people, Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa and the Middle East. The increasing demand for food has led to a higher demand for agricultural products, including fruits, vegetables, grains, and livestock. To meet this demand, farmers have had to increase their agricultural activities, resulting in a higher demand for fertilizers, including those made with ammonia.
The government's efforts to modernize the sector are another major factor driving the growth of agriculture activities in Egypt. The government has implemented various initiatives aimed at increasing agricultural productivity, such as improving irrigation systems, providing subsidies for farmers, and investing in agricultural research and development. These initiatives have led to increased agriculture activities and, consequently, an increase in the demand for ammonia-based fertilizers and other related products. Ammonia is a key component in nitrogen-based fertilizers, which are essential for crop growth and yield. The use of these fertilizers can improve soil fertility, increase crop quality, and yield, and help farmers grow more food to meet the growing demand. As a result, the demand for ammonia-based fertilizers in Egypt has been on the rise, contributing to the growth of the ammonia market.
Rising Industrialization Activities in Egypt is the Key Cause Driving the Market Growth
Egypt has been rapidly industrializing in recent years, with the sector accounting for around 11.70% of the country's GDP in 2022 and employing about 28.2% of the total Egyptian workforce. The growth of industrialization has been a significant market-driving factor, particularly in the ammonia industry, where the demand for ammonia for use in various industrial processes has been on the rise.
The major reason driving the growth of industrialization in Egypt is the government's focus on promoting investment in the chemical industry. The government has implemented policies aimed at attracting foreign investment in the sector, such as offering tax incentives and reducing bureaucratic red tape. This has resulted in increased investment in the chemical industry, including the ammonia industry, significantly contributing to the growth of the sector.
The strategic presence of Egypt's location and its control of the major trade routes has made it an attractive location for international trade. The country is located between Europe, Africa, and Asia and has access to key shipping routes. This has made it easier for companies to import raw materials and export finished products, contributing to the growth of the industrial sector and the demand for ammonia for use in various industrial processes.
Ammonia is a key ingredient in the production of chemicals, textiles, and paper products, and the growth of the industrial sector in Egypt has led to an increase in demand for ammonia. For example, ammonia is used to produce nitrogen-based fertilizers, which are essential for agriculture, as well as in the production of chemicals such as explosives, plastics, and dyes. The growth of the industrial sector has created opportunities for local ammonia producers. In addition to the above factors, infrastructure development has also contributed to the growth of industrialization in Egypt. The government has invested in infrastructure development, including improving transportation networks, and increasing access to electricity, making it easier for companies to operate in the country. Therefore, the growing demand for recycled plastic from different industrial sectors has had a substantial effect on the Ammonia market in Egypt.
Favorable Government Policies and Initiatives in Egypt Pushing the Market Growth
Egypt has seen significant economic growth and development in recent years, thanks to the government's focus on implementing favorable policies and initiatives aimed at promoting investment and supporting economic growth. These policies and initiatives have been significant market-driving factors, particularly in the ammonia industry, where the demand for ammonia for use in various industries has been on the rise.
The government's focus on promoting investment in the chemical industry policies drives the growth of the ammonia market in Egypt. The government has implemented policies aimed at attracting foreign investment in the sector, such as offering tax incentives, fewer bureaucratic obstacles, and providing subsidies for companies that invest in the chemical industry. This has resulted in increased investment in the chemical industry, including the ammonia industry, and has contributed to the growth of the sector in the region.
The government has also implemented policies aimed at promoting economic growth and improving the business environment in Egypt. For example, the government has focused on improving infrastructure, including transportation networks, and increasing access to electricity. This is making it easier for companies to operate in the country And has consequently led to increased investment in various industries, including the ammonia industry.
The government has also implemented initiatives aimed at promoting the use of renewable energy in Egypt. The country has significant potential for renewable energy, including wind and solar power, and the government has implemented policies aimed at promoting investment in renewable energy infrastructure. In addition, the Egypt Vision 2030 plan, aims to transform Egypt into a modern and prosperous country. The plan includes initiatives aimed at promoting economic growth, improving infrastructure, and investing in education and innovation. These initiatives have contributed to the growth of various sectors, including the ammonia industry, by creating a favorable environment for investment, and supporting economic growth, especially in the ammonia market.
The government has also implemented policies aimed at promoting sustainable development and reducing pollution. For example, the government has implemented regulations aimed at reducing the use of fossil fuels and promoting the use of renewable energy sources. This has led to increased demand for ammonia for use in sustainable energy production, such as in the production of hydrogen fuel.
Egypt is one of the countries that is pursuing green ammonia production as part of its economic development strategy and its commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The government of Egypt has signed a memorandum of understanding with Scatec, a Norwegian renewable energy company, and other partners to develop a large-scale green ammonia facility in Ain Sokhna, near the Suez Canal. The facility will have a production capacity of one million tons annually, with a potential for expansion to three million tons annually. The facility will be powered by renewable energy plants to be built on an area of land allocated by the New and Renewable Energy Authority. The project aims to create a green energy hub and a green corridor in Egypt and to export green ammonia to growing markets in Europe and Asia.
Recent Development
Egypt ammonia Market is segmented based on grade type, application, manufacturing process, and region. Based on the grade type, the market is divided into anhydrous and aqueous. Based on application, the market is divided into fertilizers, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, electronics, refrigeration, household, food, and others. Based on the manufacturing process, the market is divided into steam reforming, partial oxidation, cryogenic separation, and coal gasification.
Company Profiles
Egyptian Basic Industries Company (EBIC), Amea Power LLC., El-Nasr for fertilizers & chemical industries Co. (SEMADCO), Emirati fertilizer company CFC Group, Helwan Fertilizers Co., Abu Qir Fertilizers Co., Egyptian Petrochemicals Holding Company (ECHEM), Misr Fertilizers Production Co, Egyptian Chemical Industries (KIMA), and Alexandria Fertilizers Company (AlexFert) are some of the key players of Egypt ammonia market.
Report Scope:
In this report, Egypt Ammonia market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends, which have also been detailed below:
Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies in Egypt Ammonia market.
Available Customizations:
With the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according to a company’s specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:
Company Information
Ammonia is a colorless gas with a strong, pungent odor. Its chemical formula is NH3 and is composed of one nitrogen atom and three hydrogen atoms. Ammonia is highly soluble in water and can be easily liquefied under pressure. It is widely used in the production of fertilizers, cleaning products, and industrial chemicals.
Ammonia is an important source of nitrogen, which is an essential nutrient for plant growth. It is used in the production of ammonium nitrate, a common fertilizer, and can also be used as a direct fertilizer in its gaseous form. Ammonia is also used in the manufacturing of many household cleaning products, including glass cleaners and disinfectants.
In industry, ammonia is used in the production of a variety of chemicals, including explosives, plastics, and textiles. It is also used in refrigeration systems as a cooling agent, where it is known as R717 or simply as 'ammonia refrigerant.' However, ammonia can be toxic at high concentrations, and exposure to ammonia vapor can irritate the eyes, nose, throat, and respiratory system. It is important to handle and store ammonia safely to avoid accidental exposure. Apart from these, Ammonia is a commonly used ingredient in household cleaning solutions, as it can dissolve grease and dirt. It can also be used to remove stains from clothes and carpets. Another characteristic is its lighter weight than air which is used for lifting gas for balloons and airships. Therefore, the wide use of ammonia by various end-user industries is going to drive Egypt's Ammonia market growth.
Growing Agricultural Activities in the Region Driving the Market Growth
Egypt has a rich agricultural history dating back to ancient times, and the country's fertile land has been a significant contributor to its economy. Today, agriculture remains a vital sector in Egypt, accounting for approximately 12% of the country's GDP and providing employment for around 25% of the population. The growth of agriculture activities in Egypt has also contributed to the growth of the ammonia market, with the rise in demand for ammonia-based fertilizers and other related products. Ammonia is a key ingredient to produce nitrogen fertilizers, which are essential for enhancing crop yields and food security. According to the World Economic Forum, ammonia is critical for the agriculture sector and global food security and has also been identified as an energy carrier for clean hydrogen in the future. In 2022, Egypt's agricultural exports exceeded the limit of 6.3 million tons, which is 624,000 tons more crops than 2021 exports.
The major factor driving the growth of agricultural activities in Egypt is the country's large population. With a population of more than 100 million people, Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa and the Middle East. The increasing demand for food has led to a higher demand for agricultural products, including fruits, vegetables, grains, and livestock. To meet this demand, farmers have had to increase their agricultural activities, resulting in a higher demand for fertilizers, including those made with ammonia.
The government's efforts to modernize the sector are another major factor driving the growth of agriculture activities in Egypt. The government has implemented various initiatives aimed at increasing agricultural productivity, such as improving irrigation systems, providing subsidies for farmers, and investing in agricultural research and development. These initiatives have led to increased agriculture activities and, consequently, an increase in the demand for ammonia-based fertilizers and other related products. Ammonia is a key component in nitrogen-based fertilizers, which are essential for crop growth and yield. The use of these fertilizers can improve soil fertility, increase crop quality, and yield, and help farmers grow more food to meet the growing demand. As a result, the demand for ammonia-based fertilizers in Egypt has been on the rise, contributing to the growth of the ammonia market.
Rising Industrialization Activities in Egypt is the Key Cause Driving the Market Growth
Egypt has been rapidly industrializing in recent years, with the sector accounting for around 11.70% of the country's GDP in 2022 and employing about 28.2% of the total Egyptian workforce. The growth of industrialization has been a significant market-driving factor, particularly in the ammonia industry, where the demand for ammonia for use in various industrial processes has been on the rise.
The major reason driving the growth of industrialization in Egypt is the government's focus on promoting investment in the chemical industry. The government has implemented policies aimed at attracting foreign investment in the sector, such as offering tax incentives and reducing bureaucratic red tape. This has resulted in increased investment in the chemical industry, including the ammonia industry, significantly contributing to the growth of the sector.
The strategic presence of Egypt's location and its control of the major trade routes has made it an attractive location for international trade. The country is located between Europe, Africa, and Asia and has access to key shipping routes. This has made it easier for companies to import raw materials and export finished products, contributing to the growth of the industrial sector and the demand for ammonia for use in various industrial processes.
Ammonia is a key ingredient in the production of chemicals, textiles, and paper products, and the growth of the industrial sector in Egypt has led to an increase in demand for ammonia. For example, ammonia is used to produce nitrogen-based fertilizers, which are essential for agriculture, as well as in the production of chemicals such as explosives, plastics, and dyes. The growth of the industrial sector has created opportunities for local ammonia producers. In addition to the above factors, infrastructure development has also contributed to the growth of industrialization in Egypt. The government has invested in infrastructure development, including improving transportation networks, and increasing access to electricity, making it easier for companies to operate in the country. Therefore, the growing demand for recycled plastic from different industrial sectors has had a substantial effect on the Ammonia market in Egypt.
Favorable Government Policies and Initiatives in Egypt Pushing the Market Growth
Egypt has seen significant economic growth and development in recent years, thanks to the government's focus on implementing favorable policies and initiatives aimed at promoting investment and supporting economic growth. These policies and initiatives have been significant market-driving factors, particularly in the ammonia industry, where the demand for ammonia for use in various industries has been on the rise.
The government's focus on promoting investment in the chemical industry policies drives the growth of the ammonia market in Egypt. The government has implemented policies aimed at attracting foreign investment in the sector, such as offering tax incentives, fewer bureaucratic obstacles, and providing subsidies for companies that invest in the chemical industry. This has resulted in increased investment in the chemical industry, including the ammonia industry, and has contributed to the growth of the sector in the region.
The government has also implemented policies aimed at promoting economic growth and improving the business environment in Egypt. For example, the government has focused on improving infrastructure, including transportation networks, and increasing access to electricity. This is making it easier for companies to operate in the country And has consequently led to increased investment in various industries, including the ammonia industry.
The government has also implemented initiatives aimed at promoting the use of renewable energy in Egypt. The country has significant potential for renewable energy, including wind and solar power, and the government has implemented policies aimed at promoting investment in renewable energy infrastructure. In addition, the Egypt Vision 2030 plan, aims to transform Egypt into a modern and prosperous country. The plan includes initiatives aimed at promoting economic growth, improving infrastructure, and investing in education and innovation. These initiatives have contributed to the growth of various sectors, including the ammonia industry, by creating a favorable environment for investment, and supporting economic growth, especially in the ammonia market.
The government has also implemented policies aimed at promoting sustainable development and reducing pollution. For example, the government has implemented regulations aimed at reducing the use of fossil fuels and promoting the use of renewable energy sources. This has led to increased demand for ammonia for use in sustainable energy production, such as in the production of hydrogen fuel.
Egypt is one of the countries that is pursuing green ammonia production as part of its economic development strategy and its commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The government of Egypt has signed a memorandum of understanding with Scatec, a Norwegian renewable energy company, and other partners to develop a large-scale green ammonia facility in Ain Sokhna, near the Suez Canal. The facility will have a production capacity of one million tons annually, with a potential for expansion to three million tons annually. The facility will be powered by renewable energy plants to be built on an area of land allocated by the New and Renewable Energy Authority. The project aims to create a green energy hub and a green corridor in Egypt and to export green ammonia to growing markets in Europe and Asia.
Recent Development
- In 2022, Egypt's Ministry of Planning invested USD 3.38 billion in the agricultural sector for the next fiscal year 2022/2023, up from USD 2.56 billion in 2021/2022, representing a 31.8% increase.
Egypt ammonia Market is segmented based on grade type, application, manufacturing process, and region. Based on the grade type, the market is divided into anhydrous and aqueous. Based on application, the market is divided into fertilizers, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, electronics, refrigeration, household, food, and others. Based on the manufacturing process, the market is divided into steam reforming, partial oxidation, cryogenic separation, and coal gasification.
Company Profiles
Egyptian Basic Industries Company (EBIC), Amea Power LLC., El-Nasr for fertilizers & chemical industries Co. (SEMADCO), Emirati fertilizer company CFC Group, Helwan Fertilizers Co., Abu Qir Fertilizers Co., Egyptian Petrochemicals Holding Company (ECHEM), Misr Fertilizers Production Co, Egyptian Chemical Industries (KIMA), and Alexandria Fertilizers Company (AlexFert) are some of the key players of Egypt ammonia market.
Report Scope:
In this report, Egypt Ammonia market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends, which have also been detailed below:
- Egypt Ammonia Market, By Grade Type:
- Anhydrous
- Aqueous
- Egypt Ammonia Market, By Application:
- Fertilizers
- Chemicals
- Pharmaceuticals
- Electronics
- Refrigeration
- Household
- Food
- Others
- Egypt Ammonia Market, By Manufacturing Process:
- Steam Reforming
- Partial Oxidation
- Cryogenic Separation
- Coal Gasification
- Egypt Ammonia Market, By Region:
- Cairo
- Alexandria
- Giza
- Qalyubia
- Port Said
- Suez
- Rest of Egypt
Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies in Egypt Ammonia market.
Available Customizations:
With the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according to a company’s specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:
Company Information
- Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).
1. PRODUCT OVERVIEW
1.1. Market Definition
1.2. Scope of the Market
1.2.1. Markets Covered
1.2.2. Years Considered for Study
1.2.3. Key Market Segmentations
2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2.1. Objective of the Study
2.2. Baseline Methodology
2.3. Key Industry Partners
2.4. Major Association and Secondary Sources
2.5. Forecasting Methodology
2.6. Data Triangulation & Validation
2.7. Assumptions and Limitations
3. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
3.1. Overview of the Market
3.2. Overview of Key Market Segmentations
3.3. Overview of Key Market Players
3.4. Overview of Key Regions/Countries
3.5. Overview of Market Drivers, Challenges, Trends
4. VOICE OF CUSTOMER
4.1. Brand Awareness
4.2. Preference, By Grade Type
4.3. Demand, By Application
5. EGYPT AMMONIA MARKET OUTLOOK
5.1. Market Size & Forecast
5.1.1. By Value & Volume
5.2. Market Share & Forecast
5.2.1. By Grade Type (Anhydrous, and Aqueous)
5.2.2. By Application (Fertilizers, Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals, Electronics, Refrigeration, Household, Food, and Others)
5.2.3. By Manufacturing Process (Steam Reforming, Partial Oxidation, Cryogenic Separation, Coal Gasification)
5.2.4. By Region (Cairo, Alexandria, Giza, Qalyubia, Port Said, Suez, and Rest of Egypt)
5.2.5. By Company (2022)
5.3. Market Map
6. EGYPT ANHYDROUS AMMONIA MARKET OUTLOOK
6.1. Market Size & Forecast
6.1.1. By Value & Volume
6.2. Market Share & Forecast
6.2.1. By Application
6.2.2. By Manufacturing Process
7. EGYPT AQUEOUS AMMONIA MARKET OUTLOOK
7.1. Market Size & Forecast
7.1.1. By Value & Volume
7.2. Market Share & Forecast
7.2.1. By Application
7.2.2. By Manufacturing Process
8. MARKET DYNAMICS
8.1. Drivers
8.2. Challenges
9. MARKET TRENDS & DEVELOPMENTS
9.1. Research & Development
9.2. Product launch
9.3. Merger & Acquisition
10. EGYPT AMMONIA MARKET: SWOT ANALYSIS
11. PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
11.1. Competition in the Industry
11.2. Potential of New Entrants
11.3. Power of Suppliers
11.4. Power of Customers
11.5. Threat of Substitute Products
12. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
12.1. Business Overview
12.2. Product Offerings
12.3. Recent Developments
12.4. Financials (In Case of Listed Companies)
12.5. Key Personnel
12.5.1. Egyptian Basic Industries Company (EBIC)
12.5.2. Amea Power Llc.
12.5.3. El-Nasr for fertilizers & chemical industries Co. (SEMADCO)
12.5.4. Emirati fertilizer company CFC Group
12.5.5. Helwan Fertilizers Co.
12.5.6. Abu Qir Fertilizers Co.
12.5.7. Egyptian Petrochemicals Holding Company (ECHEM)
12.5.8. Misr Fertilizers Production Co
12.5.9. Egyptian Chemical Industries (KIMA)
12.5.10. Alexandria Fertilizers Company (AlexFert)
13. STRATEGIC RECOMMENDATIONS
14. ABOUT US & DISCLAIMER
1.1. Market Definition
1.2. Scope of the Market
1.2.1. Markets Covered
1.2.2. Years Considered for Study
1.2.3. Key Market Segmentations
2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2.1. Objective of the Study
2.2. Baseline Methodology
2.3. Key Industry Partners
2.4. Major Association and Secondary Sources
2.5. Forecasting Methodology
2.6. Data Triangulation & Validation
2.7. Assumptions and Limitations
3. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
3.1. Overview of the Market
3.2. Overview of Key Market Segmentations
3.3. Overview of Key Market Players
3.4. Overview of Key Regions/Countries
3.5. Overview of Market Drivers, Challenges, Trends
4. VOICE OF CUSTOMER
4.1. Brand Awareness
4.2. Preference, By Grade Type
4.3. Demand, By Application
5. EGYPT AMMONIA MARKET OUTLOOK
5.1. Market Size & Forecast
5.1.1. By Value & Volume
5.2. Market Share & Forecast
5.2.1. By Grade Type (Anhydrous, and Aqueous)
5.2.2. By Application (Fertilizers, Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals, Electronics, Refrigeration, Household, Food, and Others)
5.2.3. By Manufacturing Process (Steam Reforming, Partial Oxidation, Cryogenic Separation, Coal Gasification)
5.2.4. By Region (Cairo, Alexandria, Giza, Qalyubia, Port Said, Suez, and Rest of Egypt)
5.2.5. By Company (2022)
5.3. Market Map
6. EGYPT ANHYDROUS AMMONIA MARKET OUTLOOK
6.1. Market Size & Forecast
6.1.1. By Value & Volume
6.2. Market Share & Forecast
6.2.1. By Application
6.2.2. By Manufacturing Process
7. EGYPT AQUEOUS AMMONIA MARKET OUTLOOK
7.1. Market Size & Forecast
7.1.1. By Value & Volume
7.2. Market Share & Forecast
7.2.1. By Application
7.2.2. By Manufacturing Process
8. MARKET DYNAMICS
8.1. Drivers
8.2. Challenges
9. MARKET TRENDS & DEVELOPMENTS
9.1. Research & Development
9.2. Product launch
9.3. Merger & Acquisition
10. EGYPT AMMONIA MARKET: SWOT ANALYSIS
11. PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
11.1. Competition in the Industry
11.2. Potential of New Entrants
11.3. Power of Suppliers
11.4. Power of Customers
11.5. Threat of Substitute Products
12. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
12.1. Business Overview
12.2. Product Offerings
12.3. Recent Developments
12.4. Financials (In Case of Listed Companies)
12.5. Key Personnel
12.5.1. Egyptian Basic Industries Company (EBIC)
12.5.2. Amea Power Llc.
12.5.3. El-Nasr for fertilizers & chemical industries Co. (SEMADCO)
12.5.4. Emirati fertilizer company CFC Group
12.5.5. Helwan Fertilizers Co.
12.5.6. Abu Qir Fertilizers Co.
12.5.7. Egyptian Petrochemicals Holding Company (ECHEM)
12.5.8. Misr Fertilizers Production Co
12.5.9. Egyptian Chemical Industries (KIMA)
12.5.10. Alexandria Fertilizers Company (AlexFert)
13. STRATEGIC RECOMMENDATIONS
14. ABOUT US & DISCLAIMER
