China PAN Fiber Market Research Report 2018

February 2018 | 123 pages | ID: CF590C0D386EN
QYResearch

Abstracts

The global PAN Fiber market is valued at XX million USD in 2016 and is expected to reach XX million USD by the end of 2022, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2016 and 2022.

China plays an important role in global market, with market size of xx million USD in 2016 and will be xx million USD in 2022, with a CAGR of xx%.

This report studies the PAN Fiber development status and future trend in China, focuses on top players in China, also splits PAN Fiber by type and by applications, to fully and deeply research and reveal the market general situation and future forecast.

The major players in China market include

• Aksa
• Dralon
• Aditya Birla Group
• Exlan
• Taekwang
• Mitsubishi Rayon Group
• Formosa Plastics Corporation
• Tong-Hwa Synthetic Fiber
• Kaltex Fibers
• Toray
• DOLAN GmbH
• SDF Group
• Yousuf Dewan Companies
• Indian Acrylics
• Pasupati Acrylon
• Vardhman
• Sinopec
• Jilin Qifeng Chemical Fiber
• CNPC
• Jiangsu Zhongxin Resources Group
• Zhejiang Hangzhou Bay Acrylic Fiber

Geographically, this report splits the China market into six regions,

• South China
• East China
• Southwest China
• Northeast China
• North China
• Central China
• Northwest China

On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume (MT), revenue (Million USD), product price (USD/MT), market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into

• Staple Fibers
• Tows
• Tops

On the basis of the end users/application, this report covers

• Clothing
• Home Furnishings And Bedding
• Industrial Uses
• Other

If you have any special requirements, please let us know and we will offer you the report as you want.

Contents

China PAN Fiber Market Research Report 2017

1 PAN FIBER OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of PAN Fiber
1.2 Classification of PAN Fiber by Product Category
  1.2.1 China PAN Fiber Sales (MT) Comparison by Type (2012-2022)
  1.2.2 China PAN Fiber Sales (MT) Market Share by Type in 2016
  1.2.3 Staple Fibers
  1.2.4 Tows
  1.2.5 Tops
1.3 China PAN Fiber Market by Application/End Users
  1.3.1 China PAN Fiber Sales (MT) and Market Share Comparison by Applications (2012-2022)
  1.3.2 Clothing
  1.3.3 Home Furnishings And Bedding
  1.3.4 Industrial Uses
  1.3.5 Other
1.4 China PAN Fiber Market by Region
  1.4.1 China PAN Fiber Market Size (Million USD) Comparison by Region (2012-2022)
  1.4.2 South China PAN Fiber Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.3 East China PAN Fiber Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.4 Southwest China PAN Fiber Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.5 Northeast China PAN Fiber Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.6 North China PAN Fiber Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.7 Central China PAN Fiber Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
1.5 China Market Size (Sales and Revenue) of PAN Fiber (2012-2022)
  1.5.1 China PAN Fiber Sales (MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2022)
  1.5.2 China PAN Fiber Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2022)

2 CHINA PAN FIBER MARKET COMPETITION BY PLAYERS/MANUFACTURERS

2.1 China PAN Fiber Sales and Market Share of Key Players/Manufacturers (2012-2017)
2.2 China PAN Fiber Revenue and Share by Players/Manufacturers (2012-2017)
2.3 China PAN Fiber Average Price (USD/MT) by Players/Manufacturers (2012-2017)
2.4 China PAN Fiber Market Competitive Situation and Trends
  2.4.1 China PAN Fiber Market Concentration Rate
  2.4.2 China PAN Fiber Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Players/Manufacturers
  2.4.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion in China Market
2.5 China Players/Manufacturers PAN Fiber Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area, Product Types

3 CHINA PAN FIBER SALES AND REVENUE BY REGION (2012-2017)

3.1 China PAN Fiber Sales (MT) and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
3.2 China PAN Fiber Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
3.3 China PAN Fiber Price (USD/MT) by Regions (2012-2017)

4 CHINA '&B1&' SALES AND REVENUE BY TYPE/ PRODUCT CATEGORY (2012-2017)'

4.1 China PAN Fiber Sales (MT) and Market Share by Type/ Product Category (2012-2017)
4.2 China PAN Fiber Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
4.3 China PAN Fiber Price (USD/MT) by Type (2012-2017)
4.4 China PAN Fiber Sales Growth Rate (%) by Type (2012-2017)

5 CHINA '&B1&' SALES BY APPLICATION (2012-2017)'

5.1 China PAN Fiber Sales (MT) and Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
5.2 China PAN Fiber Sales Growth Rate (%) by Application (2012-2017)
5.3 Market Drivers and Opportunities

6 CHINA PAN FIBER PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS PROFILES AND SALES DATA

6.1 Aksa
  6.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.1.2 PAN Fiber Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.1.2.1 Product A
    6.1.2.2 Product B
  6.1.3 Aksa PAN Fiber Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.2 Dralon
  6.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.2.2 PAN Fiber Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.2.2.1 Product A
    6.2.2.2 Product B
  6.2.3 Dralon PAN Fiber Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.3 Aditya Birla Group
  6.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.3.2 PAN Fiber Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.3.2.1 Product A
    6.3.2.2 Product B
  6.3.3 Aditya Birla Group PAN Fiber Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.4 Exlan
  6.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.4.2 PAN Fiber Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.4.2.1 Product A
    6.4.2.2 Product B
  6.4.3 Exlan PAN Fiber Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.5 Taekwang
  6.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.5.2 PAN Fiber Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.5.2.1 Product A
    6.5.2.2 Product B
  6.5.3 Taekwang PAN Fiber Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.6 Mitsubishi Rayon Group
  6.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.6.2 PAN Fiber Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.6.2.1 Product A
    6.6.2.2 Product B
  6.6.3 Mitsubishi Rayon Group PAN Fiber Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.7 Formosa Plastics Corporation
  6.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.7.2 PAN Fiber Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.7.2.1 Product A
    6.7.2.2 Product B
  6.7.3 Formosa Plastics Corporation PAN Fiber Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.8 Tong-Hwa Synthetic Fiber
  6.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.8.2 PAN Fiber Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.8.2.1 Product A
    6.8.2.2 Product B
  6.8.3 Tong-Hwa Synthetic Fiber PAN Fiber Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.9 Kaltex Fibers
  6.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.9.2 PAN Fiber Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.9.2.1 Product A
    6.9.2.2 Product B
  6.9.3 Kaltex Fibers PAN Fiber Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.10 Toray
  6.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.10.2 PAN Fiber Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.10.2.1 Product A
    6.10.2.2 Product B
  6.10.3 Toray PAN Fiber Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.11 DOLAN GmbH
6.12 SDF Group
6.13 Yousuf Dewan Companies
6.14 Indian Acrylics
6.15 Pasupati Acrylon
6.16 Vardhman
6.17 Sinopec
6.18 Jilin Qifeng Chemical Fiber
6.19 CNPC
6.20 Jiangsu Zhongxin Resources Group
6.21 Zhejiang Hangzhou Bay Acrylic Fiber

7 PAN FIBER MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

7.1 PAN Fiber Key Raw Materials Analysis
  7.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  7.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  7.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  7.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
7.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  7.2.1 Raw Materials
  7.2.2 Labor Cost
  7.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
7.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of PAN Fiber

8 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

8.1 PAN Fiber Industrial Chain Analysis
8.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
8.3 Raw Materials Sources of PAN Fiber Major Manufacturers in 2016
8.4 Downstream Buyers

9 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

9.1 Marketing Channel
  9.1.1 Direct Marketing
  9.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  9.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
9.2 Market Positioning
  9.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  9.2.2 Brand Strategy
  9.2.3 Target Client
9.3 Distributors/Traders List

10 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

10.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  10.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  10.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
10.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
10.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

11 CHINA PAN FIBER MARKET SIZE (SALES AND REVENUE) FORECAST (2017-2022)

11.1 China PAN Fiber Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD) Forecast (2017-2022)
11.2 China PAN Fiber Sales (MT) Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
11.3 China PAN Fiber Sales (MT) Forecast by Application (2017-2022)
11.4 China PAN Fiber Sales (MT) Forecast by Region (2017-2022)

12 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

13 METHODOLOGY AND DATA SOURCE

13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
  13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
  13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
  13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
  13.2.1 Secondary Sources
  13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Disclaimer
13.4 Author List

The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Global and China Market Size (Million USD) Comparison (2012-2022)
Table PAN Fiber Sales (MT) and Revenue (Million USD) Market Split by Product Type
Table PAN Fiber Sales (MT) by Application (2016-2022)
Figure Product Picture of PAN Fiber
Table China PAN Fiber Sales (MT) and Growth Rate (%) Comparison by Types (Product Category) (2012-2022)
Figure China PAN Fiber Sales Volume Market Share by Types in 2016
Figure Staple Fibers Product Picture
Figure Tows Product Picture
Figure Tops Product Picture
Figure China PAN Fiber Sales (MT) Comparison by Application (2012-2022)
Figure China Sales Market Share (%) of PAN Fiber by Application in 2016
Figure Clothing Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Clothing
Figure Home Furnishings And Bedding Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Home Furnishings And Bedding
Figure Industrial Uses Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Industrial Uses
Figure Other Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Other
Figure South China PAN Fiber Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure East China PAN Fiber Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Southwest China PAN Fiber Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Northeast China PAN Fiber Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure North China PAN Fiber Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Central China PAN Fiber Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure China PAN Fiber Sales (MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2022)
Figure China PAN Fiber Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2022)
Table China PAN Fiber Sales of Key Players/Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table China PAN Fiber Sales Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Figure 2016 China PAN Fiber Sales Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Figure 2017 China PAN Fiber Sales Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Table China PAN Fiber Revenue by Players/Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table China PAN Fiber Revenue Market Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Figure 2016 China PAN Fiber Revenue Market Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Figure 2017 China PAN Fiber Revenue Market Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Table China Market PAN Fiber Average Price of Key Players/Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Figure China Market PAN Fiber Average Price of Key Players/Manufacturers in 2016
Figure China PAN Fiber Market Share of Top 3 Players/Manufacturers
Figure China PAN Fiber Market Share of Top 5 Players/Manufacturers
Table China Players/Manufacturers PAN Fiber Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area
Table China Players/Manufacturers PAN Fiber Product Category
Table China PAN Fiber Sales (MT) by Regions (2012-2017)
Table China PAN Fiber Sales Share (%) by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure China PAN Fiber Sales Share (%) by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure China PAN Fiber Sales Market Share (%) by Regions in 2016
Table China PAN Fiber Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Regions (2012-2017)
Table China PAN Fiber Revenue Market Share (%) by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure China PAN Fiber Revenue Market Share (%) by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure China PAN Fiber Revenue Market Share (%) by Regions in 2016
Table China PAN Fiber Price (USD/MT) by Regions (2012-2017)
Table China PAN Fiber Sales (MT) by Type (2012-2017)
Table China PAN Fiber Sales Share (%) by Type (2012-2017)
Figure China PAN Fiber Sales Share (%) by Type (2012-2017)
Figure China PAN Fiber Sales Market Share (%) by Type in 2016
Table China PAN Fiber Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table China PAN Fiber Revenue Market Share (%) by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of PAN Fiber by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of PAN Fiber by Type in 2016
Table China PAN Fiber Price (USD/MT) by Types (2012-2017)
Figure China PAN Fiber Sales Growth Rate (%) by Type (2012-2017)
Table China PAN Fiber Sales (MT) by Applications (2012-2017)
Table China PAN Fiber Sales Market Share (%) by Applications (2012-2017)
Figure China PAN Fiber Sales Market Share (%) by Application (2012-2017)
Figure China PAN Fiber Sales Market Share (%) by Application in 2016
Table China PAN Fiber Sales Growth Rate (%) by Application (2012-2017)
Figure China PAN Fiber Sales Growth Rate (%) by Application (2012-2017)
Table Aksa PAN Fiber Basic Information List
Table Aksa PAN Fiber Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Aksa PAN Fiber Sales (MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Aksa PAN Fiber Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure Aksa PAN Fiber Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table Dralon PAN Fiber Basic Information List
Table Dralon PAN Fiber Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Dralon PAN Fiber Sales (MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Dralon PAN Fiber Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure Dralon PAN Fiber Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table Aditya Birla Group PAN Fiber Basic Information List
Table Aditya Birla Group PAN Fiber Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Aditya Birla Group PAN Fiber Sales (MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Aditya Birla Group PAN Fiber Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure Aditya Birla Group PAN Fiber Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table Exlan PAN Fiber Basic Information List
Table Exlan PAN Fiber Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Exlan PAN Fiber Sales (MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Exlan PAN Fiber Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure Exlan PAN Fiber Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table Taekwang PAN Fiber Basic Information List
Table Taekwang PAN Fiber Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Taekwang PAN Fiber Sales (MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Taekwang PAN Fiber Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure Taekwang PAN Fiber Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table Mitsubishi Rayon Group PAN Fiber Basic Information List
Table Mitsubishi Rayon Group PAN Fiber Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Mitsubishi Rayon Group PAN Fiber Sales (MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Mitsubishi Rayon Group PAN Fiber Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure Mitsubishi Rayon Group PAN Fiber Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table Formosa Plastics Corporation PAN Fiber Basic Information List
Table Formosa Plastics Corporation PAN Fiber Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Formosa Plastics Corporation PAN Fiber Sales (MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Formosa Plastics Corporation PAN Fiber Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure Formosa Plastics Corporation PAN Fiber Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table Tong-Hwa Synthetic Fiber PAN Fiber Basic Information List
Table Tong-Hwa Synthetic Fiber PAN Fiber Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Tong-Hwa Synthetic Fiber PAN Fiber Sales (MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Tong-Hwa Synthetic Fiber PAN Fiber Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure Tong-Hwa Synthetic Fiber PAN Fiber Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table Kaltex Fibers PAN Fiber Basic Information List
Table Kaltex Fibers PAN Fiber Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Kaltex Fibers PAN Fiber Sales (MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Kaltex Fibers PAN Fiber Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure Kaltex Fibers PAN Fiber Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table Toray PAN Fiber Basic Information List
Table Toray PAN Fiber Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Toray PAN Fiber Sales (MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Toray PAN Fiber Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure Toray PAN Fiber Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table DOLAN GmbH PAN Fiber Basic Information List
Table SDF Group PAN Fiber Basic Information List
Table Yousuf Dewan Companies PAN Fiber Basic Information List
Table Indian Acrylics PAN Fiber Basic Information List
Table Pasupati Acrylon PAN Fiber Basic Information List
Table Vardhman PAN Fiber Basic Information List
Table Sinopec PAN Fiber Basic Information List
Table Jilin Qifeng Chemical Fiber PAN Fiber Basic Information List
Table CNPC PAN Fiber Basic Information List
Table Jiangsu Zhongxin Resources Group PAN Fiber Basic Information List
Table Zhejiang Hangzhou Bay Acrylic Fiber PAN Fiber Basic Information List
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of PAN Fiber
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of PAN Fiber
Figure PAN Fiber Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of PAN Fiber Major Players/Manufacturers in 2016
Table Major Buyers of PAN Fiber
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure China PAN Fiber Sales (MT) and Growth Rate (%) Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure China PAN Fiber Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure China PAN Fiber Price (USD/MT) Trend Forecast (2017-2022)
Table China PAN Fiber Sales (MT) Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
Figure China PAN Fiber Sales (MT) Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
Figure China PAN Fiber Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Type in 2022
Table China PAN Fiber Sales (MT) Forecast by Application (2017-2022)
Figure China PAN Fiber Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Application (2017-2022)
Figure China PAN Fiber Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Application in 2022
Table China PAN Fiber Sales (MT) Forecast by Regions (2017-2022)
Table China PAN Fiber Sales Volume Share Forecast by Regions (2017-2022)
Figure China PAN Fiber Sales Volume Share Forecast by Regions (2017-2022)
Figure China PAN Fiber Sales Volume Share Forecast by Regions in 2022
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources