China Biosurfactants Market Research Report 2018

March 2018 | 113 pages | ID: C5C1076FFB3EN
QYResearch

Abstracts

The global Biosurfactants market is valued at XX million USD in 2017 and is expected to reach XX million USD by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2017 and 2025.

China plays an important role in global market, with market size of xx million USD in 2017 and will be xx million USD in 2025, with a CAGR of xx%.

This report studies the Biosurfactants development status and future trend in China, focuses on top players in China, also splits Biosurfactants by type and by applications, to fully and deeply research and reveal the market general situation and future forecast.

The major players in China market include

• AkzoNobel
• BASF Cognis
• Ecover
• Evonik Industries AG
• Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
• Urumqi Unite Bio-Technology
• Saraya
• Jeneil Biotech
• MG Intobio
• Soliance
• Lion Corporation Chemicals Division
• Sun Products Corporation
• Kao
• Chemtura Corporation
• Croda International

Geographically, this report splits the China market into six regions,

• South China
• East China
• Southwest China
• Northeast China
• North China
• Central China
• Northwest China

On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume (K MT), revenue (Million USD), product price (USD/MT), market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into

• Rhamnolipids
• Sophorolipids
• Sorbitan Esters
• Sucrose Esters
• Other

On the basis of the end users/application, this report covers

• Household Detergents
• Personal Care
• Food Processing
• Industrial Cleaners
• Agricultural Chemicals
• Oilfield Chemicals
• Other

If you have any special requirements, please let us know and we will offer you the report as you want.

Contents

China Biosurfactants Market Research Report 2018

1 BIOSURFACTANTS OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Biosurfactants
1.2 Classification of Biosurfactants by Product Category
  1.2.1 China Biosurfactants Sales (K MT) Comparison by Type (2013-2025)
  1.2.2 China Biosurfactants Sales (K MT) Market Share by Type in 2017
  1.2.3 Rhamnolipids
  1.2.4 Sophorolipids
  1.2.5 Sorbitan Esters
  1.2.6 Sucrose Esters
  1.2.7 Other
1.3 China Biosurfactants Market by Application/End Users
  1.3.1 China Biosurfactants Sales (K MT) and Market Share Comparison by Applications (2013-2025)
  1.3.2 Household Detergents
  1.3.3 Personal Care
  1.3.4 Food Processing
  1.3.5 Industrial Cleaners
  1.3.6 Agricultural Chemicals
  1.3.7 Oilfield Chemicals
  1.3.8 Other
1.4 China Biosurfactants Market by Region
  1.4.1 China Biosurfactants Market Size (Million USD) Comparison by Region (2013-2025)
  1.4.2 South China Biosurfactants Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.3 East China Biosurfactants Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.4 Southwest China Biosurfactants Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.5 Northeast China Biosurfactants Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.6 North China Biosurfactants Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.7 Central China Biosurfactants Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
1.5 China Market Size (Sales and Revenue) of Biosurfactants (2013-2025)
  1.5.1 China Biosurfactants Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2025)
  1.5.2 China Biosurfactants Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2025)

2 CHINA BIOSURFACTANTS MARKET COMPETITION BY PLAYERS/MANUFACTURERS

2.1 China Biosurfactants Sales and Market Share of Key Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
2.2 China Biosurfactants Revenue and Share by Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
2.3 China Biosurfactants Average Price (USD/MT) by Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
2.4 China Biosurfactants Market Competitive Situation and Trends
  2.4.1 China Biosurfactants Market Concentration Rate
  2.4.2 China Biosurfactants Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Players/Manufacturers
  2.4.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion in China Market
2.5 China Players/Manufacturers Biosurfactants Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area, Product Types

3 CHINA BIOSURFACTANTS SALES AND REVENUE BY REGION (2013-2018)

3.1 China Biosurfactants Sales (K MT) and Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
3.2 China Biosurfactants Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
3.3 China Biosurfactants Price (USD/MT) by Regions (2013-2018)

4 CHINA BIOSURFACTANTS SALES AND REVENUE BY TYPE/ PRODUCT CATEGORY (2013-2018)

4.1 China Biosurfactants Sales (K MT) and Market Share by Type/ Product Category (2013-2018)
4.2 China Biosurfactants Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
4.3 China Biosurfactants Price (USD/MT) by Type (2013-2018)
4.4 China Biosurfactants Sales Growth Rate (%) by Type (2013-2018)

5 CHINA BIOSURFACTANTS SALES BY APPLICATION (2013-2018)

5.1 China Biosurfactants Sales (K MT) and Market Share by Application (2013-2018)
5.2 China Biosurfactants Sales Growth Rate (%) by Application (2013-2018)
5.3 Market Drivers and Opportunities

6 CHINA BIOSURFACTANTS PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS PROFILES AND SALES DATA

6.1 AkzoNobel
  6.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.1.2 Biosurfactants Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.1.2.1 Product A
    6.1.2.2 Product B
  6.1.3 AkzoNobel Biosurfactants Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.2 BASF Cognis
  6.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.2.2 Biosurfactants Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.2.2.1 Product A
    6.2.2.2 Product B
  6.2.3 BASF Cognis Biosurfactants Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.3 Ecover
  6.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.3.2 Biosurfactants Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.3.2.1 Product A
    6.3.2.2 Product B
  6.3.3 Ecover Biosurfactants Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.4 Evonik Industries AG
  6.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.4.2 Biosurfactants Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.4.2.1 Product A
    6.4.2.2 Product B
  6.4.3 Evonik Industries AG Biosurfactants Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.5 Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
  6.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.5.2 Biosurfactants Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.5.2.1 Product A
    6.5.2.2 Product B
  6.5.3 Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation Biosurfactants Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.6 Urumqi Unite Bio-Technology
  6.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.6.2 Biosurfactants Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.6.2.1 Product A
    6.6.2.2 Product B
  6.6.3 Urumqi Unite Bio-Technology Biosurfactants Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.7 Saraya
  6.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.7.2 Biosurfactants Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.7.2.1 Product A
    6.7.2.2 Product B
  6.7.3 Saraya Biosurfactants Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.8 Jeneil Biotech
  6.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.8.2 Biosurfactants Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.8.2.1 Product A
    6.8.2.2 Product B
  6.8.3 Jeneil Biotech Biosurfactants Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.9 MG Intobio
  6.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.9.2 Biosurfactants Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.9.2.1 Product A
    6.9.2.2 Product B
  6.9.3 MG Intobio Biosurfactants Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.10 Soliance
  6.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.10.2 Biosurfactants Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.10.2.1 Product A
    6.10.2.2 Product B
  6.10.3 Soliance Biosurfactants Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.11 Lion Corporation Chemicals Division
6.12 Sun Products Corporation
6.13 Kao
6.14 Chemtura Corporation
6.15 Croda International

7 BIOSURFACTANTS MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

7.1 Biosurfactants Key Raw Materials Analysis
  7.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  7.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  7.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  7.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
7.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  7.2.1 Raw Materials
  7.2.2 Labor Cost
  7.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
7.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Biosurfactants

8 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

8.1 Biosurfactants Industrial Chain Analysis
8.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
8.3 Raw Materials Sources of Biosurfactants Major Manufacturers in 2017
8.4 Downstream Buyers

9 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

9.1 Marketing Channel
  9.1.1 Direct Marketing
  9.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  9.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
9.2 Market Positioning
  9.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  9.2.2 Brand Strategy
  9.2.3 Target Client
9.3 Distributors/Traders List

10 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

10.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  10.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  10.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
10.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
10.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

11 CHINA BIOSURFACTANTS MARKET SIZE (SALES AND REVENUE) FORECAST (2018-2025)

11.1 China Biosurfactants Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD) Forecast (2018-2025)
11.2 China Biosurfactants Sales (K MT) Forecast by Type (2018-2025)
11.3 China Biosurfactants Sales (K MT) Forecast by Application (2018-2025)
11.4 China Biosurfactants Sales (K MT) Forecast by Region (2018-2025)

12 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

13 METHODOLOGY AND DATA SOURCE

13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
  13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
  13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
  13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
  13.2.1 Secondary Sources
  13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Disclaimer
13.4 Author List

The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Global and China Market Size (Million USD) Comparison (2013-2025)
Table Biosurfactants Sales (K MT) and Revenue (Million USD) Market Split by Product Type
Table Biosurfactants Sales (K MT) by Application (2013-2025)
Figure Product Picture of Biosurfactants
Table China Biosurfactants Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%) Comparison by Types (Product Category) (2013-2025)
Figure China Biosurfactants Sales Volume Market Share by Types in 2017
Figure Rhamnolipids Product Picture
Figure Sophorolipids Product Picture
Figure Sorbitan Esters Product Picture
Figure Sucrose Esters Product Picture
Figure Other Product Picture
Figure China Biosurfactants Sales (K MT) Comparison by Application (2013-2025)
Figure China Sales Market Share (%) of Biosurfactants by Application in 2017
Figure Household Detergents Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Household Detergents
Figure Personal Care Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Personal Care
Figure Food Processing Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Food Processing
Figure Industrial Cleaners Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Industrial Cleaners
Figure Agricultural Chemicals Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Agricultural Chemicals
Figure Oilfield Chemicals Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Oilfield Chemicals
Figure Other Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Other
Figure South China Biosurfactants Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure East China Biosurfactants Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure Southwest China Biosurfactants Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure Northeast China Biosurfactants Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure North China Biosurfactants Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure Central China Biosurfactants Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure China Biosurfactants Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2025)
Figure China Biosurfactants Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2025)
Table China Biosurfactants Sales of Key Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
Table China Biosurfactants Sales Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
Figure 2017 China Biosurfactants Sales Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Figure 2017 China Biosurfactants Sales Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Table China Biosurfactants Revenue by Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
Table China Biosurfactants Revenue Market Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
Figure 2017 China Biosurfactants Revenue Market Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Figure 2017 China Biosurfactants Revenue Market Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Table China Market Biosurfactants Average Price of Key Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
Figure China Market Biosurfactants Average Price of Key Players/Manufacturers in 2017
Figure China Biosurfactants Market Share of Top 3 Players/Manufacturers
Figure China Biosurfactants Market Share of Top 5 Players/Manufacturers
Table China Players/Manufacturers Biosurfactants Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area
Table China Players/Manufacturers Biosurfactants Product Category
Table China Biosurfactants Sales (K MT) by Regions (2013-2018)
Table China Biosurfactants Sales Share (%) by Regions (2013-2018)
Figure China Biosurfactants Sales Share (%) by Regions (2013-2018)
Figure China Biosurfactants Sales Market Share (%) by Regions in 2017
Table China Biosurfactants Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Regions (2013-2018)
Table China Biosurfactants Revenue Market Share (%) by Regions (2013-2018)
Figure China Biosurfactants Revenue Market Share (%) by Regions (2013-2018)
Figure China Biosurfactants Revenue Market Share (%) by Regions in 2017
Table China Biosurfactants Price (USD/MT) by Regions (2013-2018)
Table China Biosurfactants Sales (K MT) by Type (2013-2018)
Table China Biosurfactants Sales Share (%) by Type (2013-2018)
Figure China Biosurfactants Sales Share (%) by Type (2013-2018)
Figure China Biosurfactants Sales Market Share (%) by Type in 2017
Table China Biosurfactants Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
Table China Biosurfactants Revenue Market Share (%) by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Biosurfactants by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Biosurfactants by Type in 2017
Table China Biosurfactants Price (USD/MT) by Types (2013-2018)
Figure China Biosurfactants Sales Growth Rate (%) by Type (2013-2018)
Table China Biosurfactants Sales (K MT) by Applications (2013-2018)
Table China Biosurfactants Sales Market Share (%) by Applications (2013-2018)
Figure China Biosurfactants Sales Market Share (%) by Application (2013-2018)
Figure China Biosurfactants Sales Market Share (%) by Application in 2017
Table China Biosurfactants Sales Growth Rate (%) by Application (2013-2018)
Figure China Biosurfactants Sales Growth Rate (%) by Application (2013-2018)
Table AkzoNobel Biosurfactants Basic Information List
Table AkzoNobel Biosurfactants Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure AkzoNobel Biosurfactants Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure AkzoNobel Biosurfactants Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure AkzoNobel Biosurfactants Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table BASF Cognis Biosurfactants Basic Information List
Table BASF Cognis Biosurfactants Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure BASF Cognis Biosurfactants Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure BASF Cognis Biosurfactants Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure BASF Cognis Biosurfactants Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table Ecover Biosurfactants Basic Information List
Table Ecover Biosurfactants Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Ecover Biosurfactants Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Ecover Biosurfactants Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure Ecover Biosurfactants Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table Evonik Industries AG Biosurfactants Basic Information List
Table Evonik Industries AG Biosurfactants Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Evonik Industries AG Biosurfactants Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Evonik Industries AG Biosurfactants Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure Evonik Industries AG Biosurfactants Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation Biosurfactants Basic Information List
Table Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation Biosurfactants Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation Biosurfactants Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation Biosurfactants Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation Biosurfactants Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table Urumqi Unite Bio-Technology Biosurfactants Basic Information List
Table Urumqi Unite Bio-Technology Biosurfactants Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Urumqi Unite Bio-Technology Biosurfactants Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Urumqi Unite Bio-Technology Biosurfactants Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure Urumqi Unite Bio-Technology Biosurfactants Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table Saraya Biosurfactants Basic Information List
Table Saraya Biosurfactants Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Saraya Biosurfactants Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Saraya Biosurfactants Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure Saraya Biosurfactants Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table Jeneil Biotech Biosurfactants Basic Information List
Table Jeneil Biotech Biosurfactants Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Jeneil Biotech Biosurfactants Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Jeneil Biotech Biosurfactants Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure Jeneil Biotech Biosurfactants Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table MG Intobio Biosurfactants Basic Information List
Table MG Intobio Biosurfactants Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure MG Intobio Biosurfactants Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure MG Intobio Biosurfactants Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure MG Intobio Biosurfactants Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table Soliance Biosurfactants Basic Information List
Table Soliance Biosurfactants Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Soliance Biosurfactants Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Soliance Biosurfactants Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure Soliance Biosurfactants Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table Lion Corporation Chemicals Division Biosurfactants Basic Information List
Table Sun Products Corporation Biosurfactants Basic Information List
Table Kao Biosurfactants Basic Information List
Table Chemtura Corporation Biosurfactants Basic Information List
Table Croda International Biosurfactants Basic Information List
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Biosurfactants
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Biosurfactants
Figure Biosurfactants Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Biosurfactants Major Players/Manufacturers in 2017
Table Major Buyers of Biosurfactants
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure China Biosurfactants Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (%) Forecast (2018-2025)
Figure China Biosurfactants Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2025)
Figure China Biosurfactants Price (USD/MT) Trend Forecast (2018-2025)
Table China Biosurfactants Sales (K MT) Forecast by Type (2018-2025)
Figure China Biosurfactants Sales (K MT) Forecast by Type (2018-2025)
Figure China Biosurfactants Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Type in 2025
Table China Biosurfactants Sales (K MT) Forecast by Application (2018-2025)
Figure China Biosurfactants Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Application (2018-2025)
Figure China Biosurfactants Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Application in 2025
Table China Biosurfactants Sales (K MT) Forecast by Regions (2018-2025)
Table China Biosurfactants Sales Volume Share Forecast by Regions (2018-2025)
Figure China Biosurfactants Sales Volume Share Forecast by Regions (2018-2025)
Figure China Biosurfactants Sales Volume Share Forecast by Regions in 2025
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources