Global Polyimide Tape Market Growth (Status and Outlook) 2026-2032

October 2026 | 117 pages | ID: GB4F341E3D6DEN
LP Information

Abstracts

The global Polyimide Tape market size is predicted to grow from US$ 1215 million in 2025 to US$ 1904 million in 2032; it is expected to grow at a CAGR of 6.7% from 2026 to 2032.

Polyimide tape is a functional tape made from a polyimide (PI) film substrate coated on one or both sides with high-temperature-resistant pressure-sensitive adhesives, such as silicone or acrylic. Characterized by high-temperature resistance, excellent insulation, chemical resistance, dimensional stability, radiation resistance, and easy removability, it is widely used in sectors such as electronics, electrical engineering, new energy, and precision manufacturing.

Upstream components primarily include polyimide film, silicone and acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives, release materials, and related chemical raw materials. Downstream applications span consumer electronics, PCBs and semiconductors, lithium batteries, motors and transformers, automotive electronics, aerospace, industrial equipment, and precision electronics manufacturing.

The global market for polyimide tape has an average price of approximately USD 3.2 per square meter, with a sales volume of about 388 million square meters and an industry profit margin of 28%.

The future global polyimide tape market will evolve toward higher temperature resistance, superior insulation, ultra-thin profiles, and high cleanliness standards. The continued growth of new energy vehicles, power batteries, energy storage, semiconductors, and high-end electronics manufacturing is driving demand for heat-resistant insulation and process protection materials, thereby expanding the application of high-performance PI tapes. As the trends toward miniaturization and high power density in electronic products accelerate, tape development will increasingly prioritize low adhesive residue, high voltage resistance, resistance to thermal aging, and dimensional stability. In fields such as semiconductor packaging, flexible circuit boards, and precision die-cutting, there will be growing importance placed on products featuring low ionic content, cleanroom compatibility, and high-precision coating. Meanwhile, battery insulation for new energy vehicles, high-voltage electrical systems, and advanced manufacturing equipment will emerge as key growth areas, and industry competition will gradually shift from general-purpose products to high-value-added, customized solutions.

Report Scope

LPI (LP Information)' newest research report, the “Polyimide Tape Industry Forecast” looks at past sales and reviews total world Polyimide Tape sales in 2025, providing a comprehensive analysis by region and market sector of projected Polyimide Tape sales for 2026 through 2032. With Polyimide Tape sales broken down by region, market sector and sub-sector, this report provides a detailed analysis in US$ millions of the world Polyimide Tape industry.

This Insight Report provides a comprehensive analysis of the global Polyimide Tape landscape and highlights key trends related to product segmentation, company formation, revenue, and market share, latest development, and M&A activity. This report also analyses the strategies of leading global companies with a focus on Polyimide Tape portfolios and capabilities, market entry strategies, market positions, and geographic footprints, to better understand these firms’ unique position in an accelerating global Polyimide Tape market.

This Insight Report evaluates the key market trends, drivers, and affecting factors shaping the global outlook for Polyimide Tape and breaks down the forecast by Type, by Application, geography, and market size to highlight emerging pockets of opportunity. With a transparent methodology based on hundreds of bottom-up qualitative and quantitative market inputs, this study forecast offers a highly nuanced view of the current state and future trajectory in the global Polyimide Tape.

This report presents a comprehensive overview, market shares, and growth opportunities of Polyimide Tape market by product type, application, key players and key regions and countries.

Market Segmentation

Segmentation by Type:

• Silicone Adhesive Polyimide Tape
• Acrylic Adhesive Polyimide Tape

Segmentation by Tape Structure:

• Single-Sided Polyimide Tape
• Double-Sided Polyimide Tape

Segmentation by Polyimide Film Thickness:

• Below 25 ?m
• 25–50 ?m
• Above 50 ?m

Segmentation by Application:

• 3C Electronics and Home Appliances
• Industrial Equipment
• Aerospace and Defense
• Automotive
• Others

This report also splits the market by region:

• Americas
• United States
• Canada
• Mexico
• Brazil
• APAC
• China
• Japan
• Korea
• Southeast Asia
• India
• Australia
• Europe
• Germany
• France
• UK
• Italy
• Russia
• Middle East & Africa
• Egypt
• South Africa
• Israel
• Turkey
• GCC Countries

The below companies that are profiled have been selected based on inputs gathered from primary experts and analyzing the company's coverage, product portfolio, its market penetration.

• 3M
• Avery Dennison
• Rogers
• Dunmore
• Nitto Denko
• Teraoka Seisakusho
• tesa
• Saint-Gobain
• PPI Adhesive Products
• Yongguan New Material
• TOMOEGAWA
• Maxell
• Naikos
• Caplugs

Contents

1 SCOPE OF THE REPORT

1.1 Market Introduction
1.2 Years Considered
1.3 Research Objectives
1.4 Market Research Methodology
1.5 Research Process and Data Source
1.6 Economic Indicators
1.7 Currency Considered
1.8 Market Estimation Caveats

2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

2.1 World Market Overview
  2.1.1 Global Polyimide Tape Market Size (2021-2032)
  2.1.2 Polyimide Tape Market Size CAGR by Region (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
  2.1.3 World Current & Future Analysis for Polyimide Tape by Country/Region (2021, 2025 & 2032)
2.2 Polyimide Tape Segment by Type
  2.2.1 Silicone Based Polyimide Tape
  2.2.2 Acrylic Based Polyimide Tape
  2.2.3 Polyimide Tape Market Size by Type
    2.2.3.1 Polyimide Tape Market Size CAGR by Type (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
    2.2.3.2 Global Polyimide Tape Market Size Market Share by Type (2021-2026)
2.3 Polyimide Tape Segment by Application
  2.3.1 3C & Home Appliance
  2.3.2 Industrial Equipment
  2.3.3 Aerospace & Defense
  2.3.4 Automotive Industry
  2.3.5 Others
  2.3.6 Polyimide Tape Market Size by Application
    2.3.6.1 Polyimide Tape Market Size CAGR by Application (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
    2.3.6.2 Global Polyimide Tape Market Size Market Share by Application (2021-2026)

3 POLYIMIDE TAPE MARKET SIZE BY PLAYER

3.1 Polyimide Tape Market Size Market Share by Player
  3.1.1 Global Polyimide Tape Revenue by Player (2021-2026)
  3.1.2 Global Polyimide Tape Revenue Market Share by Player (2021-2026)
3.2 Global Polyimide Tape Key Players Head office and Products Offered
3.3 Market Concentration Rate Analysis
  3.3.1 Competition Landscape Analysis
  3.3.2 Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2024-2026)
3.4 New Products and Potential Entrants
3.5 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

4 POLYIMIDE TAPE BY REGION

4.1 Polyimide Tape Market Size by Region (2021-2026)
4.2 Global Polyimide Tape Annual Revenue by Country/Region (2021-2026)
4.3 Americas Polyimide Tape Market Size Growth (2021-2026)
4.4 APAC Polyimide Tape Market Size Growth (2021-2026)
4.5 Europe Polyimide Tape Market Size Growth (2021-2026)
4.6 Middle East & Africa Polyimide Tape Market Size Growth (2021-2026)

5 AMERICAS

5.1 Americas Polyimide Tape Market Size by Country (2021-2026)
5.2 Americas Polyimide Tape Market Size by Type (2021-2026)
5.3 Americas Polyimide Tape Market Size by Application (2021-2026)
5.4 United States
5.5 Canada
5.6 Mexico
5.7 Brazil

6 APAC

6.1 APAC Polyimide Tape Market Size by Region (2021-2026)
6.2 APAC Polyimide Tape Market Size by Type (2021-2026)
6.3 APAC Polyimide Tape Market Size by Application (2021-2026)
6.4 China
6.5 Japan
6.6 South Korea
6.7 Southeast Asia
6.8 India
6.9 Australia

7 EUROPE

7.1 Europe Polyimide Tape Market Size by Country (2021-2026)
7.2 Europe Polyimide Tape Market Size by Type (2021-2026)
7.3 Europe Polyimide Tape Market Size by Application (2021-2026)
7.4 Germany
7.5 France
7.6 UK
7.7 Italy
7.8 Russia

8 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA

8.1 Middle East & Africa Polyimide Tape by Region (2021-2026)
8.2 Middle East & Africa Polyimide Tape Market Size by Type (2021-2026)
8.3 Middle East & Africa Polyimide Tape Market Size by Application (2021-2026)
8.4 Egypt
8.5 South Africa
8.6 Israel
8.7 Turkey
8.8 GCC Countries

9 MARKET DRIVERS, CHALLENGES AND TRENDS

9.1 Market Drivers & Growth Opportunities
9.2 Market Challenges & Risks
9.3 Industry Trends

10 GLOBAL POLYIMIDE TAPE MARKET FORECAST

10.1 Global Polyimide Tape Forecast by Region (2027-2032)
  10.1.1 Global Polyimide Tape Forecast by Region (2027-2032)
  10.1.2 Americas Polyimide Tape Forecast
  10.1.3 APAC Polyimide Tape Forecast
  10.1.4 Europe Polyimide Tape Forecast
  10.1.5 Middle East & Africa Polyimide Tape Forecast
10.2 Americas Polyimide Tape Forecast by Country (2027-2032)
  10.2.1 United States Market Polyimide Tape Forecast
  10.2.2 Canada Market Polyimide Tape Forecast
  10.2.3 Mexico Market Polyimide Tape Forecast
  10.2.4 Brazil Market Polyimide Tape Forecast
10.3 APAC Polyimide Tape Forecast by Region (2027-2032)
  10.3.1 China Polyimide Tape Market Forecast
  10.3.2 Japan Market Polyimide Tape Forecast
  10.3.3 Korea Market Polyimide Tape Forecast
  10.3.4 Southeast Asia Market Polyimide Tape Forecast
  10.3.5 India Market Polyimide Tape Forecast
  10.3.6 Australia Market Polyimide Tape Forecast
10.4 Europe Polyimide Tape Forecast by Country (2027-2032)
  10.4.1 Germany Market Polyimide Tape Forecast
  10.4.2 France Market Polyimide Tape Forecast
  10.4.3 UK Market Polyimide Tape Forecast
  10.4.4 Italy Market Polyimide Tape Forecast
  10.4.5 Russia Market Polyimide Tape Forecast
10.5 Middle East & Africa Polyimide Tape Forecast by Region (2027-2032)
  10.5.1 Egypt Market Polyimide Tape Forecast
  10.5.2 South Africa Market Polyimide Tape Forecast
  10.5.3 Israel Market Polyimide Tape Forecast
  10.5.4 Turkey Market Polyimide Tape Forecast
10.6 Global Polyimide Tape Forecast by Type (2027-2032)
10.7 Global Polyimide Tape Forecast by Application (2027-2032)
  10.7.1 GCC Countries Market Polyimide Tape Forecast

11 KEY PLAYERS ANALYSIS

11.1 3M
  11.1.1 3M Company Information
  11.1.2 3M Polyimide Tape Product Offered
  11.1.3 3M Polyimide Tape Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
  11.1.4 3M Main Business Overview
  11.1.5 3M Latest Developments
11.2 Saint-Gobain
  11.2.1 Saint-Gobain Company Information
  11.2.2 Saint-Gobain Polyimide Tape Product Offered
  11.2.3 Saint-Gobain Polyimide Tape Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
  11.2.4 Saint-Gobain Main Business Overview
  11.2.5 Saint-Gobain Latest Developments
11.3 Nitto Denko
  11.3.1 Nitto Denko Company Information
  11.3.2 Nitto Denko Polyimide Tape Product Offered
  11.3.3 Nitto Denko Polyimide Tape Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
  11.3.4 Nitto Denko Main Business Overview
  11.3.5 Nitto Denko Latest Developments
11.4 Dupont|Kapton
  11.4.1 Dupont|Kapton Company Information
  11.4.2 Dupont|Kapton Polyimide Tape Product Offered
  11.4.3 Dupont|Kapton Polyimide Tape Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
  11.4.4 Dupont|Kapton Main Business Overview
  11.4.5 Dupont|Kapton Latest Developments

12 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Polyimide Tape Market Size CAGR by Region (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032) & ($ millions)
Table 2. Polyimide Tape Annual Sales CAGR by Country/Region (2021, 2025 & 2032) & ($ millions)
Table 3. Major Players of Silicone Based Polyimide Tape
Table 4. Major Players of Acrylic Based Polyimide Tape
Table 5. Polyimide Tape Market Size CAGR by Type (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032) & ($ millions)
Table 6. Global Polyimide Tape Market Size by Type (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 7. Global Polyimide Tape Market Size Market Share by Type (2021-2026)
Table 8. Polyimide Tape Market Size CAGR by Application (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032) & ($ millions)
Table 9. Global Polyimide Tape Market Size by Application (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 10. Global Polyimide Tape Market Size Market Share by Application (2021-2026)
Table 11. Global Polyimide Tape Revenue by Player (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 12. Global Polyimide Tape Revenue Market Share by Player (2021-2026)
Table 13. Polyimide Tape Key Players Head office and Products Offered
Table 14. Polyimide Tape Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2024-2026)
Table 15. New Products and Potential Entrants
Table 16. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
Table 17. Global Polyimide Tape Market Size by Region (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 18. Global Polyimide Tape Market Size Market Share by Region (2021-2026)
Table 19. Global Polyimide Tape Revenue by Country/Region (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 20. Global Polyimide Tape Revenue Market Share by Country/Region (2021-2026)
Table 21. Americas Polyimide Tape Market Size by Country (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 22. Americas Polyimide Tape Market Size Market Share by Country (2021-2026)
Table 23. Americas Polyimide Tape Market Size by Type (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 24. Americas Polyimide Tape Market Size Market Share by Type (2021-2026)
Table 25. Americas Polyimide Tape Market Size by Application (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 26. Americas Polyimide Tape Market Size Market Share by Application (2021-2026)
Table 27. APAC Polyimide Tape Market Size by Region (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 28. APAC Polyimide Tape Market Size Market Share by Region (2021-2026)
Table 29. APAC Polyimide Tape Market Size by Type (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 30. APAC Polyimide Tape Market Size by Application (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 31. Europe Polyimide Tape Market Size by Country (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 32. Europe Polyimide Tape Market Size Market Share by Country (2021-2026)
Table 33. Europe Polyimide Tape Market Size by Type (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 34. Europe Polyimide Tape Market Size by Application (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 35. Middle East & Africa Polyimide Tape Market Size by Region (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 36. Middle East & Africa Polyimide Tape Market Size by Type (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 37. Middle East & Africa Polyimide Tape Market Size by Application (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 38. Key Market Drivers & Growth Opportunities of Polyimide Tape
Table 39. Key Market Challenges & Risks of Polyimide Tape
Table 40. Key Industry Trends of Polyimide Tape
Table 41. Global Polyimide Tape Market Size Forecast by Region (2027-2032) & ($ millions)
Table 42. Global Polyimide Tape Market Size Market Share Forecast by Region (2027-2032)
Table 43. Global Polyimide Tape Market Size Forecast by Type (2027-2032) & ($ millions)
Table 44. Global Polyimide Tape Market Size Forecast by Application (2027-2032) & ($ millions)
Table 45. 3M Details, Company Type, Polyimide Tape Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 46. 3M Polyimide Tape Product Offered
Table 47. 3M Polyimide Tape Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
Table 48. 3M Main Business
Table 49. 3M Latest Developments
Table 50. Saint-Gobain Details, Company Type, Polyimide Tape Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 51. Saint-Gobain Polyimide Tape Product Offered
Table 52. Saint-Gobain Polyimide Tape Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
Table 53. Saint-Gobain Main Business
Table 54. Saint-Gobain Latest Developments
Table 55. Nitto Denko Details, Company Type, Polyimide Tape Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 56. Nitto Denko Polyimide Tape Product Offered
Table 57. Nitto Denko Polyimide Tape Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
Table 58. Nitto Denko Main Business
Table 59. Nitto Denko Latest Developments
Table 60. Dupont|Kapton Details, Company Type, Polyimide Tape Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 61. Dupont|Kapton Polyimide Tape Product Offered
Table 62. Dupont|Kapton Polyimide Tape Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
Table 63. Dupont|Kapton Main Business
Table 64. Dupont|Kapton Latest Developments

List Of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Polyimide Tape Report Years Considered
Figure 2. Research Objectives
Figure 3. Research Methodology
Figure 4. Research Process and Data Source
Figure 5. Global Polyimide Tape Market Size Growth Rate (2021-2032) ($ millions)
Figure 6. Polyimide Tape Sales by Geographic Region (2021, 2025 & 2032) & ($ millions)
Figure 7. Polyimide Tape Sales Market Share by Country/Region (2025)
Figure 8. Polyimide Tape Sales Market Share by Country/Region (2021, 2025 & 2032)
Figure 9. Global Polyimide Tape Market Size Market Share by Type in 2025
Figure 10. Polyimide Tape in 3C & Home Appliance
Figure 11. Global Polyimide Tape Market: 3C & Home Appliance (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Figure 12. Polyimide Tape in Industrial Equipment
Figure 13. Global Polyimide Tape Market: Industrial Equipment (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Figure 14. Polyimide Tape in Aerospace & Defense
Figure 15. Global Polyimide Tape Market: Aerospace & Defense (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Figure 16. Polyimide Tape in Automotive Industry
Figure 17. Global Polyimide Tape Market: Automotive Industry (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Figure 18. Polyimide Tape in Others
Figure 19. Global Polyimide Tape Market: Others (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Figure 20. Global Polyimide Tape Market Size Market Share by Application in 2025
Figure 21. Global Polyimide Tape Revenue Market Share by Player in 2025
Figure 22. Global Polyimide Tape Market Size Market Share by Region (2021-2026)
Figure 23. Americas Polyimide Tape Market Size 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 24. APAC Polyimide Tape Market Size 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 25. Europe Polyimide Tape Market Size 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 26. Middle East & Africa Polyimide Tape Market Size 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 27. Americas Polyimide Tape Value Market Share by Country in 2025
Figure 28. United States Polyimide Tape Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 29. Canada Polyimide Tape Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 30. Mexico Polyimide Tape Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 31. Brazil Polyimide Tape Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 32. APAC Polyimide Tape Market Size Market Share by Region in 2025
Figure 33. APAC Polyimide Tape Market Size Market Share by Type (2021-2026)
Figure 34. APAC Polyimide Tape Market Size Market Share by Application (2021-2026)
Figure 35. China Polyimide Tape Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 36. Japan Polyimide Tape Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 37. South Korea Polyimide Tape Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 38. Southeast Asia Polyimide Tape Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 39. India Polyimide Tape Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 40. Australia Polyimide Tape Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 41. Europe Polyimide Tape Market Size Market Share by Country in 2025
Figure 42. Europe Polyimide Tape Market Size Market Share by Type (2021-2026)
Figure 43. Europe Polyimide Tape Market Size Market Share by Application (2021-2026)
Figure 44. Germany Polyimide Tape Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 45. France Polyimide Tape Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 46. UK Polyimide Tape Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 47. Italy Polyimide Tape Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 48. Russia Polyimide Tape Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 49. Middle East & Africa Polyimide Tape Market Size Market Share by Region (2021-2026)
Figure 50. Middle East & Africa Polyimide Tape Market Size Market Share by Type (2021-2026)
Figure 51. Middle East & Africa Polyimide Tape Market Size Market Share by Application (2021-2026)
Figure 52. Egypt Polyimide Tape Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 53. South Africa Polyimide Tape Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 54. Israel Polyimide Tape Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 55. Turkey Polyimide Tape Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 56. GCC Countries Polyimide Tape Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 57. Americas Polyimide Tape Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 58. APAC Polyimide Tape Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 59. Europe Polyimide Tape Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 60. Middle East & Africa Polyimide Tape Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 61. United States Polyimide Tape Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 62. Canada Polyimide Tape Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 63. Mexico Polyimide Tape Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 64. Brazil Polyimide Tape Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 65. China Polyimide Tape Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 66. Japan Polyimide Tape Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 67. Korea Polyimide Tape Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 68. Southeast Asia Polyimide Tape Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 69. India Polyimide Tape Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 70. Australia Polyimide Tape Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 71. Germany Polyimide Tape Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 72. France Polyimide Tape Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 73. UK Polyimide Tape Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 74. Italy Polyimide Tape Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 75. Russia Polyimide Tape Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 76. Egypt Polyimide Tape Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 77. South Africa Polyimide Tape Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 78. Israel Polyimide Tape Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 79. Turkey Polyimide Tape Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 80. Global Polyimide Tape Market Size Market Share Forecast by Type (2027-2032)
Figure 81. Global Polyimide Tape Market Size Market Share Forecast by Application (2027-2032)
Figure 82. GCC Countries Polyimide Tape Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)