Global Market Development Services Market Growth (Status and Outlook) 2026-2032

January 2026 | 85 pages | ID: G490E397E406EN
LP Information

Abstracts

The global Market Development Services market size is predicted to grow from US$ million in 2025 to US$ million in 2032; it is expected to grow at a CAGR of %from 2026 to 2032.

Market development services refer to a range of activities and strategies aimed at helping businesses expand into new markets or grow their presence within existing ones. These services are typically provided by consulting firms, marketing agencies, or business development experts and can encompass various aspects of market expansion and penetration.

United States market for Market Development Services is estimated to increase from US$ million in 2025 to US$ million by 2032, at a CAGR of % from 2026 through 2032.

China market for Market Development Services is estimated to increase from US$ million in 2025 to US$ million by 2032, at a CAGR of % from 2026 through 2032.

Europe market for Market Development Services is estimated to increase from US$ million in 2025 to US$ million by 2032, at a CAGR of % from 2026 through 2032.

Global key Market Development Services players cover Vya Systems, Tekmark, INEXTR, NI Business Info, IOI Partners, etc. In terms of revenue, the global two largest companies occupied for a share nearly % in 2025.

LPI (LP Information)' newest research report, the “Market Development Services Industry Forecast” looks at past sales and reviews total world Market Development Services sales in 2025, providing a comprehensive analysis by region and market sector of projected Market Development Services sales for 2026 through 2032. With Market Development Services sales broken down by region, market sector and sub-sector, this report provides a detailed analysis in US$ millions of the world Market Development Services industry.

This Insight Report provides a comprehensive analysis of the global Market Development Services landscape and highlights key trends related to product segmentation, company formation, revenue, and market share, latest development, and M&A activity. This report also analyses the strategies of leading global companies with a focus on Market Development Services portfolios and capabilities, market entry strategies, market positions, and geographic footprints, to better understand these firms’ unique position in an accelerating global Market Development Services market.

This Insight Report evaluates the key market trends, drivers, and affecting factors shaping the global outlook for Market Development Services and breaks down the forecast by Type, by Application, geography, and market size to highlight emerging pockets of opportunity. With a transparent methodology based on hundreds of bottom-up qualitative and quantitative market inputs, this study forecast offers a highly nuanced view of the current state and future trajectory in the global Market Development Services.

This report presents a comprehensive overview, market shares, and growth opportunities of Market Development Services market by product type, application, key players and key regions and countries.

Segmentation by Type:

• Cloud-based
• On-premise

Segmentation by Application:

• SMEs
• Large Enterprise

This report also splits the market by region:

• Americas
• United States
• Canada
• Mexico
• Brazil
• APAC
• China
• Japan
• Korea
• Southeast Asia
• India
• Australia
• Europe
• Germany
• France
• UK
• Italy
• Russia
• Middle East & Africa
• Egypt
• South Africa
• Israel
• Turkey
• GCC Countries

The below companies that are profiled have been selected based on inputs gathered from primary experts and analyzing the company's coverage, product portfolio, its market penetration.

• Vya Systems
• Tekmark
• INEXTR
• NI Business Info
• IOI Partners
• PwC
• MEDVICE
• All Callao
• Orangefiery

Contents

1 SCOPE OF THE REPORT

1.1 Market Introduction
1.2 Years Considered
1.3 Research Objectives
1.4 Market Research Methodology
1.5 Research Process and Data Source
1.6 Economic Indicators
1.7 Currency Considered
1.8 Market Estimation Caveats

2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

2.1 World Market Overview
  2.1.1 Global Market Development Services Market Size (2021-2032)
  2.1.2 Market Development Services Market Size CAGR by Region (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
  2.1.3 World Current & Future Analysis for Market Development Services by Country/Region (2021, 2025 & 2032)
2.2 Market Development Services Segment by Type
  2.2.1 Cloud-based
  2.2.2 On-premise
  2.2.3 Market Development Services Market Size by Type
    2.2.3.1 Market Development Services Market Size CAGR by Type (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
    2.2.3.2 Global Market Development Services Market Size Market Share by Type (2021-2026)
2.3 Market Development Services Segment by Application
  2.3.1 SMEs
  2.3.2 Large Enterprise
  2.3.3 Market Development Services Market Size by Application
    2.3.3.1 Market Development Services Market Size CAGR by Application (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
    2.3.3.2 Global Market Development Services Market Size Market Share by Application (2021-2026)

3 MARKET DEVELOPMENT SERVICES MARKET SIZE BY PLAYER

3.1 Market Development Services Market Size Market Share by Player
  3.1.1 Global Market Development Services Revenue by Player (2021-2026)
  3.1.2 Global Market Development Services Revenue Market Share by Player (2021-2026)
3.2 Global Market Development Services Key Players Head office and Products Offered
3.3 Market Concentration Rate Analysis
  3.3.1 Competition Landscape Analysis
  3.3.2 Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2024-2026)
3.4 New Products and Potential Entrants
3.5 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

4 MARKET DEVELOPMENT SERVICES BY REGION

4.1 Market Development Services Market Size by Region (2021-2026)
4.2 Global Market Development Services Annual Revenue by Country/Region (2021-2026)
4.3 Americas Market Development Services Market Size Growth (2021-2026)
4.4 APAC Market Development Services Market Size Growth (2021-2026)
4.5 Europe Market Development Services Market Size Growth (2021-2026)
4.6 Middle East & Africa Market Development Services Market Size Growth (2021-2026)

5 AMERICAS

5.1 Americas Market Development Services Market Size by Country (2021-2026)
5.2 Americas Market Development Services Market Size by Type (2021-2026)
5.3 Americas Market Development Services Market Size by Application (2021-2026)
5.4 United States
5.5 Canada
5.6 Mexico
5.7 Brazil

6 APAC

6.1 APAC Market Development Services Market Size by Region (2021-2026)
6.2 APAC Market Development Services Market Size by Type (2021-2026)
6.3 APAC Market Development Services Market Size by Application (2021-2026)
6.4 China
6.5 Japan
6.6 South Korea
6.7 Southeast Asia
6.8 India
6.9 Australia

7 EUROPE

7.1 Europe Market Development Services Market Size by Country (2021-2026)
7.2 Europe Market Development Services Market Size by Type (2021-2026)
7.3 Europe Market Development Services Market Size by Application (2021-2026)
7.4 Germany
7.5 France
7.6 UK
7.7 Italy
7.8 Russia

8 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA

8.1 Middle East & Africa Market Development Services by Region (2021-2026)
8.2 Middle East & Africa Market Development Services Market Size by Type (2021-2026)
8.3 Middle East & Africa Market Development Services Market Size by Application (2021-2026)
8.4 Egypt
8.5 South Africa
8.6 Israel
8.7 Turkey
8.8 GCC Countries

9 MARKET DRIVERS, CHALLENGES AND TRENDS

9.1 Market Drivers & Growth Opportunities
9.2 Market Challenges & Risks
9.3 Industry Trends

10 GLOBAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT SERVICES MARKET FORECAST

10.1 Global Market Development Services Forecast by Region (2027-2032)
  10.1.1 Global Market Development Services Forecast by Region (2027-2032)
  10.1.2 Americas Market Development Services Forecast
  10.1.3 APAC Market Development Services Forecast
  10.1.4 Europe Market Development Services Forecast
  10.1.5 Middle East & Africa Market Development Services Forecast
10.2 Americas Market Development Services Forecast by Country (2027-2032)
  10.2.1 United States Market Market Development Services Forecast
  10.2.2 Canada Market Market Development Services Forecast
  10.2.3 Mexico Market Market Development Services Forecast
  10.2.4 Brazil Market Market Development Services Forecast
10.3 APAC Market Development Services Forecast by Region (2027-2032)
  10.3.1 China Market Development Services Market Forecast
  10.3.2 Japan Market Market Development Services Forecast
  10.3.3 Korea Market Market Development Services Forecast
  10.3.4 Southeast Asia Market Market Development Services Forecast
  10.3.5 India Market Market Development Services Forecast
  10.3.6 Australia Market Market Development Services Forecast
10.4 Europe Market Development Services Forecast by Country (2027-2032)
  10.4.1 Germany Market Market Development Services Forecast
  10.4.2 France Market Market Development Services Forecast
  10.4.3 UK Market Market Development Services Forecast
  10.4.4 Italy Market Market Development Services Forecast
  10.4.5 Russia Market Market Development Services Forecast
10.5 Middle East & Africa Market Development Services Forecast by Region (2027-2032)
  10.5.1 Egypt Market Market Development Services Forecast
  10.5.2 South Africa Market Market Development Services Forecast
  10.5.3 Israel Market Market Development Services Forecast
  10.5.4 Turkey Market Market Development Services Forecast
10.6 Global Market Development Services Forecast by Type (2027-2032)
10.7 Global Market Development Services Forecast by Application (2027-2032)
  10.7.1 GCC Countries Market Market Development Services Forecast

11 KEY PLAYERS ANALYSIS

11.1 Vya Systems
  11.1.1 Vya Systems Company Information
  11.1.2 Vya Systems Market Development Services Product Offered
  11.1.3 Vya Systems Market Development Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
  11.1.4 Vya Systems Main Business Overview
  11.1.5 Vya Systems Latest Developments
11.2 Tekmark
  11.2.1 Tekmark Company Information
  11.2.2 Tekmark Market Development Services Product Offered
  11.2.3 Tekmark Market Development Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
  11.2.4 Tekmark Main Business Overview
  11.2.5 Tekmark Latest Developments
11.3 INEXTR
  11.3.1 INEXTR Company Information
  11.3.2 INEXTR Market Development Services Product Offered
  11.3.3 INEXTR Market Development Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
  11.3.4 INEXTR Main Business Overview
  11.3.5 INEXTR Latest Developments
11.4 NI Business Info
  11.4.1 NI Business Info Company Information
  11.4.2 NI Business Info Market Development Services Product Offered
  11.4.3 NI Business Info Market Development Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
  11.4.4 NI Business Info Main Business Overview
  11.4.5 NI Business Info Latest Developments
11.5 IOI Partners
  11.5.1 IOI Partners Company Information
  11.5.2 IOI Partners Market Development Services Product Offered
  11.5.3 IOI Partners Market Development Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
  11.5.4 IOI Partners Main Business Overview
  11.5.5 IOI Partners Latest Developments
11.6 PwC
  11.6.1 PwC Company Information
  11.6.2 PwC Market Development Services Product Offered
  11.6.3 PwC Market Development Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
  11.6.4 PwC Main Business Overview
  11.6.5 PwC Latest Developments
11.7 MEDVICE
  11.7.1 MEDVICE Company Information
  11.7.2 MEDVICE Market Development Services Product Offered
  11.7.3 MEDVICE Market Development Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
  11.7.4 MEDVICE Main Business Overview
  11.7.5 MEDVICE Latest Developments
11.8 All Callao
  11.8.1 All Callao Company Information
  11.8.2 All Callao Market Development Services Product Offered
  11.8.3 All Callao Market Development Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
  11.8.4 All Callao Main Business Overview
  11.8.5 All Callao Latest Developments
11.9 Orangefiery
  11.9.1 Orangefiery Company Information
  11.9.2 Orangefiery Market Development Services Product Offered
  11.9.3 Orangefiery Market Development Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
  11.9.4 Orangefiery Main Business Overview
  11.9.5 Orangefiery Latest Developments

12 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Market Development Services Market Size CAGR by Region (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032) & ($ millions)
Table 2. Market Development Services Annual Sales CAGR by Country/Region (2021, 2025 & 2032) & ($ millions)
Table 3. Major Players of Cloud-based
Table 4. Major Players of On-premise
Table 5. Market Development Services Market Size CAGR by Type (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032) & ($ millions)
Table 6. Global Market Development Services Market Size by Type (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 7. Global Market Development Services Market Size Market Share by Type (2021-2026)
Table 8. Market Development Services Market Size CAGR by Application (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032) & ($ millions)
Table 9. Global Market Development Services Market Size by Application (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 10. Global Market Development Services Market Size Market Share by Application (2021-2026)
Table 11. Global Market Development Services Revenue by Player (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 12. Global Market Development Services Revenue Market Share by Player (2021-2026)
Table 13. Market Development Services Key Players Head office and Products Offered
Table 14. Market Development Services Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2024-2026)
Table 15. New Products and Potential Entrants
Table 16. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
Table 17. Global Market Development Services Market Size by Region (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 18. Global Market Development Services Market Size Market Share by Region (2021-2026)
Table 19. Global Market Development Services Revenue by Country/Region (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 20. Global Market Development Services Revenue Market Share by Country/Region (2021-2026)
Table 21. Americas Market Development Services Market Size by Country (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 22. Americas Market Development Services Market Size Market Share by Country (2021-2026)
Table 23. Americas Market Development Services Market Size by Type (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 24. Americas Market Development Services Market Size Market Share by Type (2021-2026)
Table 25. Americas Market Development Services Market Size by Application (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 26. Americas Market Development Services Market Size Market Share by Application (2021-2026)
Table 27. APAC Market Development Services Market Size by Region (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 28. APAC Market Development Services Market Size Market Share by Region (2021-2026)
Table 29. APAC Market Development Services Market Size by Type (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 30. APAC Market Development Services Market Size by Application (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 31. Europe Market Development Services Market Size by Country (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 32. Europe Market Development Services Market Size Market Share by Country (2021-2026)
Table 33. Europe Market Development Services Market Size by Type (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 34. Europe Market Development Services Market Size by Application (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 35. Middle East & Africa Market Development Services Market Size by Region (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 36. Middle East & Africa Market Development Services Market Size by Type (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 37. Middle East & Africa Market Development Services Market Size by Application (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 38. Key Market Drivers & Growth Opportunities of Market Development Services
Table 39. Key Market Challenges & Risks of Market Development Services
Table 40. Key Industry Trends of Market Development Services
Table 41. Global Market Development Services Market Size Forecast by Region (2027-2032) & ($ millions)
Table 42. Global Market Development Services Market Size Market Share Forecast by Region (2027-2032)
Table 43. Global Market Development Services Market Size Forecast by Type (2027-2032) & ($ millions)
Table 44. Global Market Development Services Market Size Forecast by Application (2027-2032) & ($ millions)
Table 45. Vya Systems Details, Company Type, Market Development Services Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 46. Vya Systems Market Development Services Product Offered
Table 47. Vya Systems Market Development Services Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
Table 48. Vya Systems Main Business
Table 49. Vya Systems Latest Developments
Table 50. Tekmark Details, Company Type, Market Development Services Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 51. Tekmark Market Development Services Product Offered
Table 52. Tekmark Market Development Services Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
Table 53. Tekmark Main Business
Table 54. Tekmark Latest Developments
Table 55. INEXTR Details, Company Type, Market Development Services Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 56. INEXTR Market Development Services Product Offered
Table 57. INEXTR Market Development Services Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
Table 58. INEXTR Main Business
Table 59. INEXTR Latest Developments
Table 60. NI Business Info Details, Company Type, Market Development Services Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 61. NI Business Info Market Development Services Product Offered
Table 62. NI Business Info Market Development Services Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
Table 63. NI Business Info Main Business
Table 64. NI Business Info Latest Developments
Table 65. IOI Partners Details, Company Type, Market Development Services Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 66. IOI Partners Market Development Services Product Offered
Table 67. IOI Partners Market Development Services Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
Table 68. IOI Partners Main Business
Table 69. IOI Partners Latest Developments
Table 70. PwC Details, Company Type, Market Development Services Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 71. PwC Market Development Services Product Offered
Table 72. PwC Market Development Services Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
Table 73. PwC Main Business
Table 74. PwC Latest Developments
Table 75. MEDVICE Details, Company Type, Market Development Services Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 76. MEDVICE Market Development Services Product Offered
Table 77. MEDVICE Market Development Services Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
Table 78. MEDVICE Main Business
Table 79. MEDVICE Latest Developments
Table 80. All Callao Details, Company Type, Market Development Services Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 81. All Callao Market Development Services Product Offered
Table 82. All Callao Market Development Services Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
Table 83. All Callao Main Business
Table 84. All Callao Latest Developments
Table 85. Orangefiery Details, Company Type, Market Development Services Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 86. Orangefiery Market Development Services Product Offered
Table 87. Orangefiery Market Development Services Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
Table 88. Orangefiery Main Business
Table 89. Orangefiery Latest Developments

List Of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Market Development Services Report Years Considered
Figure 2. Research Objectives
Figure 3. Research Methodology
Figure 4. Research Process and Data Source
Figure 5. Global Market Development Services Market Size Growth Rate (2021-2032) ($ millions)
Figure 6. Market Development Services Sales by Geographic Region (2021, 2025 & 2032) & ($ millions)
Figure 7. Market Development Services Sales Market Share by Country/Region (2025)
Figure 8. Market Development Services Sales Market Share by Country/Region (2021, 2025 & 2032)
Figure 9. Global Market Development Services Market Size Market Share by Type in 2025
Figure 10. Market Development Services in SMEs
Figure 11. Global Market Development Services Market: SMEs (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Figure 12. Market Development Services in Large Enterprise
Figure 13. Global Market Development Services Market: Large Enterprise (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Figure 14. Global Market Development Services Market Size Market Share by Application in 2025
Figure 15. Global Market Development Services Revenue Market Share by Player in 2025
Figure 16. Global Market Development Services Market Size Market Share by Region (2021-2026)
Figure 17. Americas Market Development Services Market Size 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 18. APAC Market Development Services Market Size 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 19. Europe Market Development Services Market Size 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 20. Middle East & Africa Market Development Services Market Size 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 21. Americas Market Development Services Value Market Share by Country in 2025
Figure 22. United States Market Development Services Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 23. Canada Market Development Services Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 24. Mexico Market Development Services Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 25. Brazil Market Development Services Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 26. APAC Market Development Services Market Size Market Share by Region in 2025
Figure 27. APAC Market Development Services Market Size Market Share by Type (2021-2026)
Figure 28. APAC Market Development Services Market Size Market Share by Application (2021-2026)
Figure 29. China Market Development Services Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 30. Japan Market Development Services Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 31. South Korea Market Development Services Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 32. Southeast Asia Market Development Services Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 33. India Market Development Services Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 34. Australia Market Development Services Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 35. Europe Market Development Services Market Size Market Share by Country in 2025
Figure 36. Europe Market Development Services Market Size Market Share by Type (2021-2026)
Figure 37. Europe Market Development Services Market Size Market Share by Application (2021-2026)
Figure 38. Germany Market Development Services Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 39. France Market Development Services Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 40. UK Market Development Services Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 41. Italy Market Development Services Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 42. Russia Market Development Services Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 43. Middle East & Africa Market Development Services Market Size Market Share by Region (2021-2026)
Figure 44. Middle East & Africa Market Development Services Market Size Market Share by Type (2021-2026)
Figure 45. Middle East & Africa Market Development Services Market Size Market Share by Application (2021-2026)
Figure 46. Egypt Market Development Services Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 47. South Africa Market Development Services Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 48. Israel Market Development Services Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 49. Turkey Market Development Services Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 50. GCC Countries Market Development Services Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 51. Americas Market Development Services Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 52. APAC Market Development Services Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 53. Europe Market Development Services Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 54. Middle East & Africa Market Development Services Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 55. United States Market Development Services Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 56. Canada Market Development Services Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 57. Mexico Market Development Services Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 58. Brazil Market Development Services Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 59. China Market Development Services Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 60. Japan Market Development Services Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 61. Korea Market Development Services Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 62. Southeast Asia Market Development Services Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 63. India Market Development Services Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 64. Australia Market Development Services Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 65. Germany Market Development Services Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 66. France Market Development Services Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 67. UK Market Development Services Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 68. Italy Market Development Services Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 69. Russia Market Development Services Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 70. Egypt Market Development Services Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 71. South Africa Market Development Services Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 72. Israel Market Development Services Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 73. Turkey Market Development Services Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 74. Global Market Development Services Market Size Market Share Forecast by Type (2027-2032)
Figure 75. Global Market Development Services Market Size Market Share Forecast by Application (2027-2032)
Figure 76. GCC Countries Market Development Services Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)