United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Market Report 2017

November 2017 | 115 pages | ID: U2F29618187WEN
QYResearch

Abstracts

In this report, the United States Sport Bike SLI Battery market is valued at USD XX million in 2016 and is expected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2022, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2016 and 2022.

Geographically, this report splits the United States market into seven regions:

• The West
• Southwest
• The Middle Atlantic
• New England
• The South
• The Midwest
• with sales (volume), revenue (value), market share and growth rate of Sport Bike SLI Battery in these regions, from 2012 to 2022 (forecast).

United States Sport Bike SLI Battery market competition by top manufacturers/players, with Sport Bike SLI Battery sales volume, price, revenue (Million USD) and market share for each manufacturer/player; the top players including

• Johnson Controls
• GS Yuasa
• Exide Technologies
• Camel Group
• Exide Industries
• Sebang
• Hitachi Chemical
• Amara Raja
• Atlas BX
• Fengfan
• East Penn
• Ruiyu Battery
• Chuanxi Storage
• Banner Batteries
• Nipress
• Leoch
• Yacht
• Haijiu
• Pinaco
• Furukawa Battery
• LCB
• Tong Yong

On the basis of product, this report displays the production, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into

• Lithium Battery
• Lead Battery

On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate of Sport Bike SLI Battery for each application, including

• 110 cc
• 125 cc
• 150 cc
• 200 cc
• Others

If you have any special requirements, please let us know and we will offer you the report as you want.

Contents

United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Market Report 2017

1 SPORT BIKE SLI BATTERY OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Sport Bike SLI Battery
1.2 Classification of Sport Bike SLI Battery by Product Category
  1.2.1 United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Market Size (Sales Volume) Comparison by Type (2012-2022)
  1.2.2 United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Market Size (Sales Volume) Market Share by Type (Product Category) in 2016
  1.2.3 Lithium Battery
  1.2.4 Lead Battery
1.3 United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Market by Application/End Users
  1.3.1 United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Market Size (Consumption) and Market Share Comparison by Application (2012-2022)
  1.3.2 110 cc
  1.3.3 125 cc
  1.3.4 150 cc
  1.3.5 200 cc
  1.3.6 Others
1.4 United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Market by Region
  1.4.1 United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Market Size (Value) Comparison by Region (2012-2022)
  1.4.2 The West Sport Bike SLI Battery Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.3 Southwest Sport Bike SLI Battery Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.4 The Middle Atlantic Sport Bike SLI Battery Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.5 New England Sport Bike SLI Battery Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.6 The South Sport Bike SLI Battery Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.7 The Midwest Sport Bike SLI Battery Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
1.5 United States Market Size (Value and Volume) of Sport Bike SLI Battery (2012-2022)
  1.5.1 United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
  1.5.2 United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

2 UNITED STATES SPORT BIKE SLI BATTERY MARKET COMPETITION BY PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS

2.1 United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales and Market Share of Key Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
2.2 United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Revenue and Share by Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
2.3 United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Average Price by Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
2.4 United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Market Competitive Situation and Trends
  2.4.1 United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Market Concentration Rate
  2.4.2 United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Players/Suppliers
  2.4.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion in United States Market
2.5 United States Players/Suppliers Sport Bike SLI Battery Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area, Product Type

3 UNITED STATES SPORT BIKE SLI BATTERY SALES (VOLUME) AND REVENUE (VALUE) BY REGION (2012-2017)

3.1 United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
3.2 United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Revenue and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
3.3 United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Price by Region (2012-2017)

4 UNITED STATES SPORT BIKE SLI BATTERY SALES (VOLUME) AND REVENUE (VALUE) BY TYPE (PRODUCT CATEGORY) (2012-2017)

4.1 United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales and Market Share by Type (Product Category) (2012-2017)
4.2 United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Revenue and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
4.3 United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Price by Type (2012-2017)
4.4 United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Growth Rate by Type (2012-2017)

5 UNITED STATES SPORT BIKE SLI BATTERY SALES (VOLUME) BY APPLICATION (2012-2017)

5.1 United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales and Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
5.2 United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)
5.3 Market Drivers and Opportunities

6 UNITED STATES SPORT BIKE SLI BATTERY PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS PROFILES AND SALES DATA

6.1 Johnson Controls
  6.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.1.2 Sport Bike SLI Battery Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.1.2.1 Product A
    6.1.2.2 Product B
  6.1.3 Johnson Controls Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.2 GS Yuasa
  6.2.2 Sport Bike SLI Battery Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.2.2.1 Product A
    6.2.2.2 Product B
  6.2.3 GS Yuasa Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.3 Exide Technologies
  6.3.2 Sport Bike SLI Battery Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.3.2.1 Product A
    6.3.2.2 Product B
  6.3.3 Exide Technologies Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.4 Camel Group
  6.4.2 Sport Bike SLI Battery Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.4.2.1 Product A
    6.4.2.2 Product B
  6.4.3 Camel Group Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.5 Exide Industries
  6.5.2 Sport Bike SLI Battery Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.5.2.1 Product A
    6.5.2.2 Product B
  6.5.3 Exide Industries Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.6 Sebang
  6.6.2 Sport Bike SLI Battery Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.6.2.1 Product A
    6.6.2.2 Product B
  6.6.3 Sebang Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.7 Hitachi Chemical
  6.7.2 Sport Bike SLI Battery Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.7.2.1 Product A
    6.7.2.2 Product B
  6.7.3 Hitachi Chemical Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.8 Amara Raja
  6.8.2 Sport Bike SLI Battery Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.8.2.1 Product A
    6.8.2.2 Product B
  6.8.3 Amara Raja Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.9 Atlas BX
  6.9.2 Sport Bike SLI Battery Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.9.2.1 Product A
    6.9.2.2 Product B
  6.9.3 Atlas BX Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.10 Fengfan
  6.10.2 Sport Bike SLI Battery Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.10.2.1 Product A
    6.10.2.2 Product B
  6.10.3 Fengfan Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.11 East Penn
6.12 Ruiyu Battery
6.13 Chuanxi Storage
6.14 Banner Batteries
6.15 Nipress
6.16 Leoch
6.17 Yacht
6.18 Haijiu
6.19 Pinaco
6.20 Furukawa Battery
6.21 LCB
6.22 Tong Yong

7 SPORT BIKE SLI BATTERY MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

7.1 Sport Bike SLI Battery Key Raw Materials Analysis
  7.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  7.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  7.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  7.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
7.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  7.2.1 Raw Materials
  7.2.2 Labor Cost
  7.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
7.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Sport Bike SLI Battery

8 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

8.1 Sport Bike SLI Battery Industrial Chain Analysis
8.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
8.3 Raw Materials Sources of Sport Bike SLI Battery Major Manufacturers in 2016
8.4 Downstream Buyers

9 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

9.1 Marketing Channel
  9.1.1 Direct Marketing
  9.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  9.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
9.2 Market Positioning
  9.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  9.2.2 Brand Strategy
  9.2.3 Target Client
9.3 Distributors/Traders List

10 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

10.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  10.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  10.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
10.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
10.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

11 UNITED STATES SPORT BIKE SLI BATTERY MARKET SIZE (VALUE AND VOLUME) FORECAST (2017-2022)

11.1 United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Volume, Revenue Forecast (2017-2022)
11.2 United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Volume Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
11.3 United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Volume Forecast by Application (2017-2022)
11.4 United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Volume Forecast by Region (2017-2022)

12 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

13 APPENDIX

13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
  13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
  13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
  13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
  13.2.1 Secondary Sources
  13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Disclaimer


The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Product Picture of Sport Bike SLI Battery
Figure United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Market Size (K Units) by Type (2012-2022)
Figure United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Volume Market Share by Type (Product Category) in 2016
Figure Lithium Battery Product Picture
Figure Lead Battery Product Picture
Figure United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Market Size (K Units) by Application (2012-2022)
Figure United States Sales Market Share of Sport Bike SLI Battery by Application in 2016
Figure 110 cc Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in 110 cc
Figure 125 cc Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in 125 cc
Figure 150 cc Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in 150 cc
Figure 200 cc Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in 200 cc
Figure Others Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Others
Figure United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Market Size (Million USD) by Region (2012-2022)
Figure The West Sport Bike SLI Battery Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Southwest Sport Bike SLI Battery Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure The Middle Atlantic Sport Bike SLI Battery Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure New England Sport Bike SLI Battery Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure The South of US Sport Bike SLI Battery Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure The Midwest Sport Bike SLI Battery Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Market Major Players Product Sales Volume (K Units) (2012-2017)
Table United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales (K Units) of Key Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
Table United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Share by Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
Figure 2016 United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Share by Players/Suppliers
Figure 2017 United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Share by Players/Suppliers
Figure United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Market Major Players Product Revenue (Million USD) (2012-2017)
Table United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Revenue (Million USD) by Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
Table United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
Figure 2016 United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers
Figure 2017 United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers
Table United States Market Sport Bike SLI Battery Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
Figure United States Market Sport Bike SLI Battery Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Players/Suppliers in 2016
Figure United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Market Share of Top 3 Players/Suppliers
Figure United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Market Share of Top 5 Players/Suppliers
Table United States Players/Suppliers Sport Bike SLI Battery Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area
Table United States Players/Suppliers Sport Bike SLI Battery Product Category
Table United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales (K Units) by Region (2012-2017)
Table United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Share by Region (2012-2017)
Figure United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Share by Region (2012-2017)
Figure United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Market Share by Region in 2016
Table United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
Table United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Revenue Share by Region (2012-2017)
Figure United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Revenue Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
Figure United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Revenue Market Share by Region in 2016
Table United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Price (USD/Unit) by Region (2012-2017)
Table United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales (K Units) by Type (2012-2017)
Table United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Market Share by Type in 2016
Table United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Revenue Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Sport Bike SLI Battery by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Sport Bike SLI Battery by Type in 2016
Table United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Price (USD/Unit) by Types (2012-2017)
Figure United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Growth Rate by Type (2012-2017)
Table United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales (K Units) by Application (2012-2017)
Table United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
Figure United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
Figure United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Market Share by Application in 2016
Table United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)
Figure United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)
Table Johnson Controls Basic Information List
Table Johnson Controls Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Johnson Controls Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Johnson Controls Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Johnson Controls Sport Bike SLI Battery Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table GS Yuasa Basic Information List
Table GS Yuasa Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure GS Yuasa Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure GS Yuasa Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure GS Yuasa Sport Bike SLI Battery Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Exide Technologies Basic Information List
Table Exide Technologies Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Exide Technologies Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Exide Technologies Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Exide Technologies Sport Bike SLI Battery Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Camel Group Basic Information List
Table Camel Group Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Camel Group Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Camel Group Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Camel Group Sport Bike SLI Battery Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Exide Industries Basic Information List
Table Exide Industries Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Exide Industries Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Exide Industries Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Exide Industries Sport Bike SLI Battery Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Sebang Basic Information List
Table Sebang Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Sebang Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Sebang Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Sebang Sport Bike SLI Battery Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Hitachi Chemical Basic Information List
Table Hitachi Chemical Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Hitachi Chemical Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Hitachi Chemical Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Hitachi Chemical Sport Bike SLI Battery Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Amara Raja Basic Information List
Table Amara Raja Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Amara Raja Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Amara Raja Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Amara Raja Sport Bike SLI Battery Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Atlas BX Basic Information List
Table Atlas BX Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Atlas BX Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Atlas BX Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Atlas BX Sport Bike SLI Battery Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Fengfan Basic Information List
Table Fengfan Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Fengfan Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Fengfan Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Fengfan Sport Bike SLI Battery Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table East Penn Basic Information List
Table Ruiyu Battery Basic Information List
Table Chuanxi Storage Basic Information List
Table Banner Batteries Basic Information List
Table Nipress Basic Information List
Table Leoch Basic Information List
Table Yacht Basic Information List
Table Haijiu Basic Information List
Table Pinaco Basic Information List
Table Furukawa Battery Basic Information List
Table LCB Basic Information List
Table Tong Yong Basic Information List
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Sport Bike SLI Battery
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Sport Bike SLI Battery
Figure Sport Bike SLI Battery Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Sport Bike SLI Battery Major Players/Suppliers in 2016
Table Major Buyers of Sport Bike SLI Battery
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Volume (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Price (USD/Unit) Trend Forecast (2017-2022)
Table United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
Figure United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
Figure United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Type in 2022
Table United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Application (2017-2022)
Figure United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Application (2017-2022)
Figure United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Application in 2022
Table United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Region (2017-2022)
Table United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region (2017-2022)
Figure United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region (2017-2022)
Figure United States Sport Bike SLI Battery Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region in 2022
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources