China Automotive EGR System Market Research Report 2018

March 2018 | 107 pages | ID: C84933BFB4DQEN
QYResearch

Abstracts

The global Automotive EGR System market is valued at XX million USD in 2017 and is expected to reach XX million USD by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2017 and 2025.

China plays an important role in global market, with market size of xx million USD in 2017 and will be xx million USD in 2025, with a CAGR of xx%.

This report studies the Automotive EGR System development status and future trend in China, focuses on top players in China, also splits Automotive EGR System by type and by applications, to fully and deeply research and reveal the market general situation and future forecast.

The major players in China market include

• BorgWarner
• Denso
• Rheinmetall Automotive
• Continental
• Delphi
• Korens
• Mahle
• Keihin
• Eberspacher
• Faurecia
• Tenneco
• Longsheng Technology
• MEET Automotive
• Klubert + Schmidt
• Yibin Tianruida
• Gits Manufacturing
• Zhejiang Jiulong
• Yinlun Machinery

Geographically, this report splits the China market into six regions,

• South China
• East China
• Southwest China
• Northeast China
• North China
• Central China
• Northwest China

On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume (K Units), revenue (Million USD), product price (USD/Unit), market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into

• By Products
• EGR Valves
• EGR Coolers
• EGR Sensors
• ECU
• By Engine Type
• Diesel Engine
• Gasoline Engine

On the basis of the end users/application, this report covers

• Passenger Vehicle
• Light Commercial Vehicle
• Heavy Commercial Vehicle

If you have any special requirements, please let us know and we will offer you the report as you want.

Contents

China Automotive EGR System Market Research Report 2018

1 AUTOMOTIVE EGR SYSTEM OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Automotive EGR System
1.2 Classification of Automotive EGR System by Product Category
  1.2.1 China Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units) Comparison by Type (2013-2025)
  1.2.2 China Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units) Market Share by Type in 2017
  1.2.3 EGR Valves
  1.2.4 EGR Coolers
  1.2.5 EGR Sensors
  1.2.6 ECU
1.3 China Automotive EGR System Market by Application/End Users
  1.3.1 China Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units) and Market Share Comparison by Applications (2013-2025)
  1.3.2 Passenger Vehicle
  1.3.3 Light Commercial Vehicle
  1.3.4 Heavy Commercial Vehicle
1.4 China Automotive EGR System Market by Region
  1.4.1 China Automotive EGR System Market Size (Million USD) Comparison by Region (2013-2025)
  1.4.2 South China Automotive EGR System Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.3 East China Automotive EGR System Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.4 Southwest China Automotive EGR System Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.5 Northeast China Automotive EGR System Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.6 North China Automotive EGR System Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.7 Central China Automotive EGR System Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
1.5 China Market Size (Sales and Revenue) of Automotive EGR System (2013-2025)
  1.5.1 China Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2025)
  1.5.2 China Automotive EGR System Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2025)

2 CHINA AUTOMOTIVE EGR SYSTEM MARKET COMPETITION BY PLAYERS/MANUFACTURERS

2.1 China Automotive EGR System Sales and Market Share of Key Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
2.2 China Automotive EGR System Revenue and Share by Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
2.3 China Automotive EGR System Average Price (USD/Unit) by Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
2.4 China Automotive EGR System Market Competitive Situation and Trends
  2.4.1 China Automotive EGR System Market Concentration Rate
  2.4.2 China Automotive EGR System Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Players/Manufacturers
  2.4.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion in China Market
2.5 China Players/Manufacturers Automotive EGR System Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area, Product Types

3 CHINA AUTOMOTIVE EGR SYSTEM SALES AND REVENUE BY REGION (2013-2018)

3.1 China Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units) and Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
3.2 China Automotive EGR System Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
3.3 China Automotive EGR System Price (USD/Unit) by Regions (2013-2018)

4 CHINA AUTOMOTIVE EGR SYSTEM SALES AND REVENUE BY TYPE/ PRODUCT CATEGORY (2013-2018)

4.1 China Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units) and Market Share by Type/ Product Category (2013-2018)
4.2 China Automotive EGR System Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
4.3 China Automotive EGR System Price (USD/Unit) by Type (2013-2018)
4.4 China Automotive EGR System Sales Growth Rate (%) by Type (2013-2018)

5 CHINA AUTOMOTIVE EGR SYSTEM SALES BY APPLICATION (2013-2018)

5.1 China Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units) and Market Share by Application (2013-2018)
5.2 China Automotive EGR System Sales Growth Rate (%) by Application (2013-2018)
5.3 Market Drivers and Opportunities

6 CHINA AUTOMOTIVE EGR SYSTEM PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS PROFILES AND SALES DATA

6.1 BorgWarner
  6.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.1.2 Automotive EGR System Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.1.2.1 Product A
    6.1.2.2 Product B
  6.1.3 BorgWarner Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.2 Denso
  6.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.2.2 Automotive EGR System Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.2.2.1 Product A
    6.2.2.2 Product B
  6.2.3 Denso Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.3 Rheinmetall Automotive
  6.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.3.2 Automotive EGR System Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.3.2.1 Product A
    6.3.2.2 Product B
  6.3.3 Rheinmetall Automotive Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.4 Continental
  6.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.4.2 Automotive EGR System Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.4.2.1 Product A
    6.4.2.2 Product B
  6.4.3 Continental Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.5 Delphi
  6.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.5.2 Automotive EGR System Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.5.2.1 Product A
    6.5.2.2 Product B
  6.5.3 Delphi Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.6 Korens
  6.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.6.2 Automotive EGR System Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.6.2.1 Product A
    6.6.2.2 Product B
  6.6.3 Korens Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.7 Mahle
  6.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.7.2 Automotive EGR System Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.7.2.1 Product A
    6.7.2.2 Product B
  6.7.3 Mahle Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.8 Keihin
  6.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.8.2 Automotive EGR System Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.8.2.1 Product A
    6.8.2.2 Product B
  6.8.3 Keihin Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.9 Eberspacher
  6.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.9.2 Automotive EGR System Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.9.2.1 Product A
    6.9.2.2 Product B
  6.9.3 Eberspacher Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.10 Faurecia
  6.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.10.2 Automotive EGR System Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.10.2.1 Product A
    6.10.2.2 Product B
  6.10.3 Faurecia Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.11 Tenneco
6.12 Longsheng Technology
6.13 MEET Automotive
6.14 Klubert + Schmidt
6.15 Yibin Tianruida
6.16 Gits Manufacturing
6.17 Zhejiang Jiulong
6.18 Yinlun Machinery

7 AUTOMOTIVE EGR SYSTEM MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

7.1 Automotive EGR System Key Raw Materials Analysis
  7.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  7.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  7.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  7.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
7.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  7.2.1 Raw Materials
  7.2.2 Labor Cost
  7.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
7.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Automotive EGR System

8 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

8.1 Automotive EGR System Industrial Chain Analysis
8.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
8.3 Raw Materials Sources of Automotive EGR System Major Manufacturers in 2017
8.4 Downstream Buyers

9 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

9.1 Marketing Channel
  9.1.1 Direct Marketing
  9.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  9.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
9.2 Market Positioning
  9.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  9.2.2 Brand Strategy
  9.2.3 Target Client
9.3 Distributors/Traders List

10 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

10.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  10.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  10.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
10.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
10.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

11 CHINA AUTOMOTIVE EGR SYSTEM MARKET SIZE (SALES AND REVENUE) FORECAST (2018-2025)

11.1 China Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD) Forecast (2018-2025)
11.2 China Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units) Forecast by Type (2018-2025)
11.3 China Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units) Forecast by Application (2018-2025)
11.4 China Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units) Forecast by Region (2018-2025)

12 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

13 METHODOLOGY AND DATA SOURCE

13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
  13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
  13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
  13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
  13.2.1 Secondary Sources
  13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Disclaimer
13.4 Author List

The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Global and China Market Size (Million USD) Comparison (2013-2025)
Table Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units) and Revenue (Million USD) Market Split by Product Type
Table Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units) by Application (2013-2025)
Figure Product Picture of Automotive EGR System
Table China Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%) Comparison by Types (Product Category) (2013-2025)
Figure China Automotive EGR System Sales Volume Market Share by Types in 2017
Figure EGR Valves Product Picture
Figure EGR Coolers Product Picture
Figure EGR Sensors Product Picture
Figure ECU Product Picture
Figure China Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units) Comparison by Application (2013-2025)
Figure China Sales Market Share (%) of Automotive EGR System by Application in 2017
Figure Passenger Vehicle Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Passenger Vehicle
Figure Light Commercial Vehicle Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Light Commercial Vehicle
Figure Heavy Commercial Vehicle Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Heavy Commercial Vehicle
Figure South China Automotive EGR System Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure East China Automotive EGR System Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure Southwest China Automotive EGR System Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure Northeast China Automotive EGR System Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure North China Automotive EGR System Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure Central China Automotive EGR System Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure China Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2025)
Figure China Automotive EGR System Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2025)
Table China Automotive EGR System Sales of Key Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
Table China Automotive EGR System Sales Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
Figure 2017 China Automotive EGR System Sales Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Figure 2017 China Automotive EGR System Sales Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Table China Automotive EGR System Revenue by Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
Table China Automotive EGR System Revenue Market Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
Figure 2017 China Automotive EGR System Revenue Market Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Figure 2017 China Automotive EGR System Revenue Market Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Table China Market Automotive EGR System Average Price of Key Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
Figure China Market Automotive EGR System Average Price of Key Players/Manufacturers in 2017
Figure China Automotive EGR System Market Share of Top 3 Players/Manufacturers
Figure China Automotive EGR System Market Share of Top 5 Players/Manufacturers
Table China Players/Manufacturers Automotive EGR System Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area
Table China Players/Manufacturers Automotive EGR System Product Category
Table China Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units) by Regions (2013-2018)
Table China Automotive EGR System Sales Share (%) by Regions (2013-2018)
Figure China Automotive EGR System Sales Share (%) by Regions (2013-2018)
Figure China Automotive EGR System Sales Market Share (%) by Regions in 2017
Table China Automotive EGR System Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Regions (2013-2018)
Table China Automotive EGR System Revenue Market Share (%) by Regions (2013-2018)
Figure China Automotive EGR System Revenue Market Share (%) by Regions (2013-2018)
Figure China Automotive EGR System Revenue Market Share (%) by Regions in 2017
Table China Automotive EGR System Price (USD/Unit) by Regions (2013-2018)
Table China Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units) by Type (2013-2018)
Table China Automotive EGR System Sales Share (%) by Type (2013-2018)
Figure China Automotive EGR System Sales Share (%) by Type (2013-2018)
Figure China Automotive EGR System Sales Market Share (%) by Type in 2017
Table China Automotive EGR System Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
Table China Automotive EGR System Revenue Market Share (%) by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Automotive EGR System by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Automotive EGR System by Type in 2017
Table China Automotive EGR System Price (USD/Unit) by Types (2013-2018)
Figure China Automotive EGR System Sales Growth Rate (%) by Type (2013-2018)
Table China Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units) by Applications (2013-2018)
Table China Automotive EGR System Sales Market Share (%) by Applications (2013-2018)
Figure China Automotive EGR System Sales Market Share (%) by Application (2013-2018)
Figure China Automotive EGR System Sales Market Share (%) by Application in 2017
Table China Automotive EGR System Sales Growth Rate (%) by Application (2013-2018)
Figure China Automotive EGR System Sales Growth Rate (%) by Application (2013-2018)
Table BorgWarner Automotive EGR System Basic Information List
Table BorgWarner Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure BorgWarner Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure BorgWarner Automotive EGR System Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure BorgWarner Automotive EGR System Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table Denso Automotive EGR System Basic Information List
Table Denso Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Denso Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Denso Automotive EGR System Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure Denso Automotive EGR System Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table Rheinmetall Automotive Automotive EGR System Basic Information List
Table Rheinmetall Automotive Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Rheinmetall Automotive Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Rheinmetall Automotive Automotive EGR System Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure Rheinmetall Automotive Automotive EGR System Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table Continental Automotive EGR System Basic Information List
Table Continental Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Continental Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Continental Automotive EGR System Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure Continental Automotive EGR System Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table Delphi Automotive EGR System Basic Information List
Table Delphi Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Delphi Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Delphi Automotive EGR System Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure Delphi Automotive EGR System Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table Korens Automotive EGR System Basic Information List
Table Korens Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Korens Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Korens Automotive EGR System Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure Korens Automotive EGR System Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table Mahle Automotive EGR System Basic Information List
Table Mahle Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Mahle Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Mahle Automotive EGR System Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure Mahle Automotive EGR System Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table Keihin Automotive EGR System Basic Information List
Table Keihin Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Keihin Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Keihin Automotive EGR System Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure Keihin Automotive EGR System Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table Eberspacher Automotive EGR System Basic Information List
Table Eberspacher Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Eberspacher Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Eberspacher Automotive EGR System Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure Eberspacher Automotive EGR System Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table Faurecia Automotive EGR System Basic Information List
Table Faurecia Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Faurecia Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Faurecia Automotive EGR System Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure Faurecia Automotive EGR System Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table Tenneco Automotive EGR System Basic Information List
Table Longsheng Technology Automotive EGR System Basic Information List
Table MEET Automotive Automotive EGR System Basic Information List
Table Klubert + Schmidt Automotive EGR System Basic Information List
Table Yibin Tianruida Automotive EGR System Basic Information List
Table Gits Manufacturing Automotive EGR System Basic Information List
Table Zhejiang Jiulong Automotive EGR System Basic Information List
Table Yinlun Machinery Automotive EGR System Basic Information List
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Automotive EGR System
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Automotive EGR System
Figure Automotive EGR System Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Automotive EGR System Major Players/Manufacturers in 2017
Table Major Buyers of Automotive EGR System
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure China Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%) Forecast (2018-2025)
Figure China Automotive EGR System Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2025)
Figure China Automotive EGR System Price (USD/Unit) Trend Forecast (2018-2025)
Table China Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units) Forecast by Type (2018-2025)
Figure China Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units) Forecast by Type (2018-2025)
Figure China Automotive EGR System Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Type in 2025
Table China Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units) Forecast by Application (2018-2025)
Figure China Automotive EGR System Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Application (2018-2025)
Figure China Automotive EGR System Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Application in 2025
Table China Automotive EGR System Sales (K Units) Forecast by Regions (2018-2025)
Table China Automotive EGR System Sales Volume Share Forecast by Regions (2018-2025)
Figure China Automotive EGR System Sales Volume Share Forecast by Regions (2018-2025)
Figure China Automotive EGR System Sales Volume Share Forecast by Regions in 2025
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources