Offshore Wind Farm Manufacturing Worldwide
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The global move to offshore wind farm development is enabling nations to accelerate wind energy adoption while reducing reliance on land-based power grids. Offshore wind turbines are subjected to fiercer winds and require larger turbines than land-based wind initiatives. But these benefits typically can increase the overall cost of offshore manufacturing and maintenance of wind turbines. Capital costs are approximately 30-50% higher than onshore, due to larger machine size and the costs of transporting and installing at sea. These expenses are partially offset by higher energy yields - as much as 30%. But many countries are finding the benefits to offshore outweigh these added expenditures. Offshore wind energy has a reduced effect on the environment and higher wind speeds at sea result in increased energy production. Leading wind energy producers in Europe, Asia, and the Americas are embracing offshore as an important component of future expansion and adoption of renewable energy use. The first large offshore wind farms are well in development in several European countries. Developing offshore wind can enable these nations to achieve competitive electricity markets, reach a larger degree of energy inde¬pendence, and ensure lower and more predictable overall project costs. This SBI Energy report, Offshore Wind Farm Manufacturing Worldwide explores the revenue generating potential for companies involved in this burgeoning renewable energy area.
The global move to offshore wind farm development is enabling nations to accelerate wind energy adoption while reducing reliance on land-based power grids. Offshore wind turbines are subjected to fiercer winds and require larger turbines than land-based wind initiatives. But these benefits typically can increase the overall cost of offshore manufacturing and maintenance of wind turbines. Capital costs are approximately 30-50% higher than onshore, due to larger machine size and the costs of transporting and installing at sea. These expenses are partially offset by higher energy yields - as much as 30%. But many countries are finding the benefits to offshore outweigh these added expenditures. Offshore wind energy has a reduced effect on the environment and higher wind speeds at sea result in increased energy production. Leading wind energy producers in Europe, Asia, and the Americas are embracing offshore as an important component of future expansion and adoption of renewable energy use. The first large offshore wind farms are well in development in several European countries. Developing offshore wind can enable these nations to achieve competitive electricity markets, reach a larger degree of energy inde¬pendence, and ensure lower and more predictable overall project costs. This SBI Energy report, Offshore Wind Farm Manufacturing Worldwide explores the revenue generating potential for companies involved in this burgeoning renewable energy area.
CHAPTER 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Global Offshore Wind Market Value Exceeds $46 Billion
Table 1-1: Global Market Value of Onshore and Offshore Wind Energy Manufacturing, 2010 (in $ millions)
Figure 1-1: Offshore Wind Energy Manufacturing Market Value in 2010 by Region, Expressed as a Percentage of Total Wind Energy Manufacturing
Market Value of Offshore Foundation Manufacturing
Strong Potential for Offshore Wind Energy Manufacturing
Figure 1-2: Cost of Offshore Turbine Project ($ thousand/MW)
Table 1-2: Earnings of Offshore MW Installed, 2010 to 2015, by Region (in $ per MW)
The Global Offshore Wind Energy Picture
Table 1-3: Total Offshore and Onshore Wind Energy Installed Capacity, by Region, 2007 to 2010 (in MW)
Table 1-4: Global Forecast of Offshore Wind Energy Generating Capacity, by Region, 2010 to 2015 (in MW)
Europe’s Long-term Commitment Lies Offshore
Table 1-5: Share of Total European Installed Wind Energy Capacity, 2006 to 2010 (in MW)
Table 1-6: Total European Offshore Wind Power Installations, 2010 to 2015 (in MW)
U.S. Grows Interest in Offshore Wind Energy
China is Leading Asia’s Offshore Efforts
Table 1-7: Offshore Wind Energy Capacity Installed in Asia, 2010 to 2015 (in MW)
Offshore Wind Farm Development Challenges
Offshore Wind Research Developments
Wind Turbine Product Innovation
Innovations in Electricity Grid Integration
U.S. Offshore Wind Farm Innovations
Innovations in Offshore Foundations
Offshore Market will Reach $78.5B by 2015
Table 1-8: Global Market Value of Offshore Wind Energy Manufacturing, by Region, 2010 to 2015 (in $ millions)
CHAPTER 2: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
Report Scope
Methodology
Terminology
Wind Turbine Components
Table 2-1: Turbine Component Weights and Costs
Birth of an Offshore Wind Farm
Maintenance Requirements
Structural and Connection Requirements
Foundation Requirements
Future Foundation Designs
CHAPTER 3: GLOBAL ACTIVITIES IN OFFSHORE WIND ENERGY
Consumption of All Renewable Energy
Table 3-1: Global Consumption of Energy by Type and Country Group (in Quadrillion BTUs)
Table 3-2: Renewable Energy Consumption by Energy Use Sector and Energy Source in, 2002-2010 (Quadrillion BTUs)
Figure 3-1: Share of Consumption of Renewable BTU Energy in the U.S., by Source, 2002 and 2010
Table 3-3: Electricity Generation Capacity, by Source and Region, 2009 and 2015 (GwH)
The Global Offshore Wind Energy Picture
Table 3-4: Total Offshore and Onshore Wind Energy Installed Capacity, by Region, 2007 to 2010 (in MW)
Table 3-5: Global Forecast of Offshore Wind Energy Generating Capacity, by Region, 2010 to 2015 (in MW)
Table 3-6: Global Share of Installed Offshore Wind Energy Capacity, 2010 and 2015
Table 3-7: Global Onshore Wind Energy Installed Capacity, by Region, 2010 to 2015
Table 3-8: Global Onshore Wind Energy Share of Total Installed Capacity, 2010 and 2015
Figure 3-2: Regional Share of Offshore Wind Energy Installed Capacity to Total Wind Energy Installed Capacity, 2010 to 2015
Table 3-9: CAGR of Total Wind Energy Installed Capacity, by Region, 2010 to 2015 (in MW)
Table 3-10: Share of Total Wind Energy Installed Capacity by Region, 2010 and 2015
Europe’s Long-term Commitment Lies Offshore
Table 3-11: Share of Total European Installed Wind Energy Capacity, 2006 to 2010 (in MW)
Table 3-12: European Wind Installation Specifications
Figure 3-3: Share of Offshore and Onshore Wind Energy Capacity by European Country, 2010
Table 3-13: Total European Offshore Wind Power Installations, 2010 to 2015 (in MW)
Table 3-14: European Offshore Wind Energy Capacity Growth, 2010 to 2015
Table 3-15: Offshore and Onshore Installed Capacity in Europe
Table 3-16: Total Europe Installed MW of Wind Energy, 2007, 2008 and 2010
Table 3-17: Offshore and Onshore Wind Energy Installations in Europe, 2010 to 2015
U.S. Grows Interest in Offshore Wind Energy
Table 3-18: Top States with Cumulative Wind Power Capacity, 2007 to 2010 (in MW)
Table 3-19: Total North American Offshore Wind Energy Capacity, 2010 to 2015 (in MW)
Table 3-20: CAGR of Onshore Wind Energy Capacity in North America, 2010 and 2015 (in MW)
Trends Affecting Offshore Growth in the U.S.
China is Leading Asia’s Offshore Efforts
Table 3-21: Offshore Wind Energy Capacity Installed in Asia, 2010 to 2015 (in MW)
Table 3-22: Installed Wind Power Capacity in Asia, 2006 to 2010 (in MW)
Table 3-23: Total Wind Energy Capacity Installed in Asia, 2010 and 2015 (in MW)
Table 3-24: Total Onshore Wind Energy Capacity Installed in Asia, 2010 and 2015 (in MW)
CHAPTER 4: THE GLOBAL OFFSHORE WIND ENERGY MARKET
Table 4-1: Global Market Value of Onshore and Offshore Wind Energy Manufacturing, 2010 (in $ millions)
Table 4-2: Growth of Global Offshore Wind Energy Manufacturing Market Value, 2006 to 2010 (in $ millions)
Figure 4-1: Compound Annual Growth Rates of Offshore Wind Energy Manufacturing, by Region, 2006 to 2010
Offshore Manufacturing is Small Percentage of Total Wind Energy Market
Figure 4-2: Offshore Wind Energy Manufacturing Market Value in 2010, by Region (Expressed as a Percentage of Total Wind Energy Manufacturing)
Table 4-3: NAICS Codes and Descriptions of Wind Turbine Components
Table 4-4: NAICS Codes and Descriptions of Wind Turbine Subcomponents..59
Caveat to Using the 6-digit NAICS Codes
Imports and Exports of Wind Turbine Components
Table 4-5: Total U.S. Shipments of Wind Turbine Subcomponents, 2006 to 2010 (in millions)
Shipment Value of Wind Turbine Components
Table 4-6: Share of U.S. Shipment Value of Wind Turbine Subcomponents, 2006 and 2010 (in millions)
Table 4-7: U.S. Domestic Imports of Wind Turbine Subcomponents, 2006 to 2010 (in millions)
Table 4-8: Share of U.S. Domestic Imports of Wind Turbine Subcomponents, 2009 vs. 2010
Table 4-9: Growth of U.S. Domestic Exports of Wind Turbine Subcomponents, 2002 to 2008 (in millions)
Trade Value of Wind Energy Components Used in Offshore Manufacturing
Table 4-10: U.S. Market Value of Subcomponents Used to Manufacture for Offshore Wind Turbines (in $ millions)
Table 4-11: Total Market Value of U.S. Wind Turbine Manufacturing, 2006 vs. 2010 (in $ millions)
Table 4-12: U.S. Shipments of Subcomponents Used to Manufacture Offshore Wind Turbines (in $ millions)
Table 4-13: U.S. Shipments of Offshore Wind Energy Components Expressed as a Percentage of Total Wind Energy Component Shipments
China is Greatest Exporter of Fans and Blowers
Table 4-14: Country Share of U.S. Domestic Imports of Industrial Fans and Blowers for Offshore Wind Farm Manufacturing, 2006 vs. 2010 (in $ millions)
Table 4-15: Country Share of U.S. Domestic Imports of Turbine and Generator Sets used for Offshore Wind Energy, 2006 vs. 2010 (in $ millions)
Imports of Measuring and Controlling Devices
Table 4-16: U.S. Imports of Measuring and Controlling Devices Used for Offshore Wind Energy Manufacturing, 2006 and 2010 (in $ millions)
Table 4-17: U.S. Import Value of Motors and Generators Used for Offshore Wind Energy Manufacturing, 2006 and 2010
Market Value of Offshore Foundation Manufacturing
Table 4-18: Global Market Value of Offshore Wind Energy Foundation Manufacturing, by Type of Foundation, 2009 vs. 2010 (in $ millions)
Table 4-19: Global Market Value of Offshore Wind Energy Foundation Manufacturing, by Region, 2009 vs. 2010 (in $ millions)
Table 4-20: Global Market Value of Offshore Wind Energy Foundation Manufacturing by European Country , 2009 vs. 2010 (in $ millions)
Strong Potential for Offshore Wind Energy Manufacturing
Figure 4-3: Cost of Offshore Turbine Project ($ thousand/MW)
Table 4-21: Earnings of Offshore MW Installed, by Region, 2010 to 2015 (in $ per MW)
Figure 4-4: Producer Price Index Trend of Wind Turbine Parts
Employment Outlook
Table 4-22: Percent Distribution of Employment and Establishments in Machinery Manufacturing by Sector, 2006
Table 4-23: Number of Current and Projected U.S. Jobs in Turbine Manufacturing, 2006 and 2016
Table 4-24: Total U.S. Employees in Turbine Subcomponent Manufacturing
Table 4-25: European Employment Forecast for Onshore and Offshore Wind Energy Initiatives, 2008 to 2030
Offshore Market will Reach $78.5B by 2015
Table 4-26: Global Market Value of Offshore Wind Energy Manufacturing, 2010 to 2015 (in $ millions)
Table 4-27: Global Forecast of Offshore Wind Energy Manufacturing, 2010 and 2015 (in $ millions)
Table 4-28: Global Share of Market Value of Offshore Wind Energy Manufacturing, 2010 and 2015
Figure 4-5: Forecast of Dollars Earned per Megawatts of Offshore Installed Capacity Worldwide, 2010 to 2015
Table 4-29: Projected Market Value of Offshore Wind Energy Foundation Manufacturing, 2009, 2010 and 2015 (in $ millions)
Table 4-30: Global Market Value of Offshore Wind Energy Foundation Manufacturing by Region, 2009, 2010 and 2015 (in $ millions)
Table 4-31: Projected Market Value of Offshore Wind Energy Foundation Manufacturing in Europe, 2009, 2010 and 2015
Figure 4-6: Global Share of Offshore Wind Energy to Total Wind Energy Manufacturing, by Region, 2010 and 2015
Table 4-32: Total Global Market Value of Offshore Wind Energy Manufacturing, 2010 and 2015 (in $ millions)
CHAPTER 5: COMPETITIVE PROFILES
GE Energy
Overview and Performance
Figure 5-1: General Electric Co. Infrastructure Division Revenues and Year-Over-Year Growth, 2004 to 2009 (e) (in $billions)
Table 5-1: General Electric Revenues, 2004 to 2009 (e) (in $ billions)
Figure 5-2: Share of General Electric Revenue for 2009, by GE Business Unit in $ billions)
Research & Development
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
Overview and Performance
Table 5-2: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Revenues, 2008 and 2009, by Division (in $ billions)
Significant Developments
Siemens Power Generation
Overview and Performance
Table 5-3: Siemens AG Revenues, 2008 to 2009, by Business Unit (in $ billions)
Significant Developments
Suzlon Energy
Overview and Performance
Key Strategic Markets
Gamesa
Overview and Performance
Figure 5-3: Gamesa Revenues, 2003 to 2009 (in $ billions)
Vestas
Overview and Performance
Offshore Wind Turbine Specialists
CHAPTER 6: PRODUCT INNOVATION AND PUBLIC POLICY
Offshore Wind Farm Development Challenges
Table 6-1: Manufacturer Developments in Offshore Turbines
Offshore Wind Research Developments
Wind Turbine Product Innovation
Future Component Product Innovations
Turbine Research & Development
Innovations in Electricity Grid Integration
Legalities of Site Selection
Environmental Impacts Assessed
Germany Lays Undersea Cable
Table 6-2: Key Technical Data for the Borwin1 Wind Farm
Cluster Concept Used
U.S. Offshore Wind Farm Innovations
University-led Offshore Wind Research
Innovations in Offshore Foundations
Federal Incentives
Public Relations Woes for Wind Energy
AWEA Defends Wind Turbines
Global Offshore Wind Market Value Exceeds $46 Billion
Table 1-1: Global Market Value of Onshore and Offshore Wind Energy Manufacturing, 2010 (in $ millions)
Figure 1-1: Offshore Wind Energy Manufacturing Market Value in 2010 by Region, Expressed as a Percentage of Total Wind Energy Manufacturing
Market Value of Offshore Foundation Manufacturing
Strong Potential for Offshore Wind Energy Manufacturing
Figure 1-2: Cost of Offshore Turbine Project ($ thousand/MW)
Table 1-2: Earnings of Offshore MW Installed, 2010 to 2015, by Region (in $ per MW)
The Global Offshore Wind Energy Picture
Table 1-3: Total Offshore and Onshore Wind Energy Installed Capacity, by Region, 2007 to 2010 (in MW)
Table 1-4: Global Forecast of Offshore Wind Energy Generating Capacity, by Region, 2010 to 2015 (in MW)
Europe’s Long-term Commitment Lies Offshore
Table 1-5: Share of Total European Installed Wind Energy Capacity, 2006 to 2010 (in MW)
Table 1-6: Total European Offshore Wind Power Installations, 2010 to 2015 (in MW)
U.S. Grows Interest in Offshore Wind Energy
China is Leading Asia’s Offshore Efforts
Table 1-7: Offshore Wind Energy Capacity Installed in Asia, 2010 to 2015 (in MW)
Offshore Wind Farm Development Challenges
Offshore Wind Research Developments
Wind Turbine Product Innovation
Innovations in Electricity Grid Integration
U.S. Offshore Wind Farm Innovations
Innovations in Offshore Foundations
Offshore Market will Reach $78.5B by 2015
Table 1-8: Global Market Value of Offshore Wind Energy Manufacturing, by Region, 2010 to 2015 (in $ millions)
CHAPTER 2: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
Report Scope
Methodology
Terminology
Wind Turbine Components
Table 2-1: Turbine Component Weights and Costs
Birth of an Offshore Wind Farm
Maintenance Requirements
Structural and Connection Requirements
Foundation Requirements
Future Foundation Designs
CHAPTER 3: GLOBAL ACTIVITIES IN OFFSHORE WIND ENERGY
Consumption of All Renewable Energy
Table 3-1: Global Consumption of Energy by Type and Country Group (in Quadrillion BTUs)
Table 3-2: Renewable Energy Consumption by Energy Use Sector and Energy Source in, 2002-2010 (Quadrillion BTUs)
Figure 3-1: Share of Consumption of Renewable BTU Energy in the U.S., by Source, 2002 and 2010
Table 3-3: Electricity Generation Capacity, by Source and Region, 2009 and 2015 (GwH)
The Global Offshore Wind Energy Picture
Table 3-4: Total Offshore and Onshore Wind Energy Installed Capacity, by Region, 2007 to 2010 (in MW)
Table 3-5: Global Forecast of Offshore Wind Energy Generating Capacity, by Region, 2010 to 2015 (in MW)
Table 3-6: Global Share of Installed Offshore Wind Energy Capacity, 2010 and 2015
Table 3-7: Global Onshore Wind Energy Installed Capacity, by Region, 2010 to 2015
Table 3-8: Global Onshore Wind Energy Share of Total Installed Capacity, 2010 and 2015
Figure 3-2: Regional Share of Offshore Wind Energy Installed Capacity to Total Wind Energy Installed Capacity, 2010 to 2015
Table 3-9: CAGR of Total Wind Energy Installed Capacity, by Region, 2010 to 2015 (in MW)
Table 3-10: Share of Total Wind Energy Installed Capacity by Region, 2010 and 2015
Europe’s Long-term Commitment Lies Offshore
Table 3-11: Share of Total European Installed Wind Energy Capacity, 2006 to 2010 (in MW)
Table 3-12: European Wind Installation Specifications
Figure 3-3: Share of Offshore and Onshore Wind Energy Capacity by European Country, 2010
Table 3-13: Total European Offshore Wind Power Installations, 2010 to 2015 (in MW)
Table 3-14: European Offshore Wind Energy Capacity Growth, 2010 to 2015
Table 3-15: Offshore and Onshore Installed Capacity in Europe
Table 3-16: Total Europe Installed MW of Wind Energy, 2007, 2008 and 2010
Table 3-17: Offshore and Onshore Wind Energy Installations in Europe, 2010 to 2015
U.S. Grows Interest in Offshore Wind Energy
Table 3-18: Top States with Cumulative Wind Power Capacity, 2007 to 2010 (in MW)
Table 3-19: Total North American Offshore Wind Energy Capacity, 2010 to 2015 (in MW)
Table 3-20: CAGR of Onshore Wind Energy Capacity in North America, 2010 and 2015 (in MW)
Trends Affecting Offshore Growth in the U.S.
China is Leading Asia’s Offshore Efforts
Table 3-21: Offshore Wind Energy Capacity Installed in Asia, 2010 to 2015 (in MW)
Table 3-22: Installed Wind Power Capacity in Asia, 2006 to 2010 (in MW)
Table 3-23: Total Wind Energy Capacity Installed in Asia, 2010 and 2015 (in MW)
Table 3-24: Total Onshore Wind Energy Capacity Installed in Asia, 2010 and 2015 (in MW)
CHAPTER 4: THE GLOBAL OFFSHORE WIND ENERGY MARKET
Table 4-1: Global Market Value of Onshore and Offshore Wind Energy Manufacturing, 2010 (in $ millions)
Table 4-2: Growth of Global Offshore Wind Energy Manufacturing Market Value, 2006 to 2010 (in $ millions)
Figure 4-1: Compound Annual Growth Rates of Offshore Wind Energy Manufacturing, by Region, 2006 to 2010
Offshore Manufacturing is Small Percentage of Total Wind Energy Market
Figure 4-2: Offshore Wind Energy Manufacturing Market Value in 2010, by Region (Expressed as a Percentage of Total Wind Energy Manufacturing)
Table 4-3: NAICS Codes and Descriptions of Wind Turbine Components
Table 4-4: NAICS Codes and Descriptions of Wind Turbine Subcomponents..59
Caveat to Using the 6-digit NAICS Codes
Imports and Exports of Wind Turbine Components
Table 4-5: Total U.S. Shipments of Wind Turbine Subcomponents, 2006 to 2010 (in millions)
Shipment Value of Wind Turbine Components
Table 4-6: Share of U.S. Shipment Value of Wind Turbine Subcomponents, 2006 and 2010 (in millions)
Table 4-7: U.S. Domestic Imports of Wind Turbine Subcomponents, 2006 to 2010 (in millions)
Table 4-8: Share of U.S. Domestic Imports of Wind Turbine Subcomponents, 2009 vs. 2010
Table 4-9: Growth of U.S. Domestic Exports of Wind Turbine Subcomponents, 2002 to 2008 (in millions)
Trade Value of Wind Energy Components Used in Offshore Manufacturing
Table 4-10: U.S. Market Value of Subcomponents Used to Manufacture for Offshore Wind Turbines (in $ millions)
Table 4-11: Total Market Value of U.S. Wind Turbine Manufacturing, 2006 vs. 2010 (in $ millions)
Table 4-12: U.S. Shipments of Subcomponents Used to Manufacture Offshore Wind Turbines (in $ millions)
Table 4-13: U.S. Shipments of Offshore Wind Energy Components Expressed as a Percentage of Total Wind Energy Component Shipments
China is Greatest Exporter of Fans and Blowers
Table 4-14: Country Share of U.S. Domestic Imports of Industrial Fans and Blowers for Offshore Wind Farm Manufacturing, 2006 vs. 2010 (in $ millions)
Table 4-15: Country Share of U.S. Domestic Imports of Turbine and Generator Sets used for Offshore Wind Energy, 2006 vs. 2010 (in $ millions)
Imports of Measuring and Controlling Devices
Table 4-16: U.S. Imports of Measuring and Controlling Devices Used for Offshore Wind Energy Manufacturing, 2006 and 2010 (in $ millions)
Table 4-17: U.S. Import Value of Motors and Generators Used for Offshore Wind Energy Manufacturing, 2006 and 2010
Market Value of Offshore Foundation Manufacturing
Table 4-18: Global Market Value of Offshore Wind Energy Foundation Manufacturing, by Type of Foundation, 2009 vs. 2010 (in $ millions)
Table 4-19: Global Market Value of Offshore Wind Energy Foundation Manufacturing, by Region, 2009 vs. 2010 (in $ millions)
Table 4-20: Global Market Value of Offshore Wind Energy Foundation Manufacturing by European Country , 2009 vs. 2010 (in $ millions)
Strong Potential for Offshore Wind Energy Manufacturing
Figure 4-3: Cost of Offshore Turbine Project ($ thousand/MW)
Table 4-21: Earnings of Offshore MW Installed, by Region, 2010 to 2015 (in $ per MW)
Figure 4-4: Producer Price Index Trend of Wind Turbine Parts
Employment Outlook
Table 4-22: Percent Distribution of Employment and Establishments in Machinery Manufacturing by Sector, 2006
Table 4-23: Number of Current and Projected U.S. Jobs in Turbine Manufacturing, 2006 and 2016
Table 4-24: Total U.S. Employees in Turbine Subcomponent Manufacturing
Table 4-25: European Employment Forecast for Onshore and Offshore Wind Energy Initiatives, 2008 to 2030
Offshore Market will Reach $78.5B by 2015
Table 4-26: Global Market Value of Offshore Wind Energy Manufacturing, 2010 to 2015 (in $ millions)
Table 4-27: Global Forecast of Offshore Wind Energy Manufacturing, 2010 and 2015 (in $ millions)
Table 4-28: Global Share of Market Value of Offshore Wind Energy Manufacturing, 2010 and 2015
Figure 4-5: Forecast of Dollars Earned per Megawatts of Offshore Installed Capacity Worldwide, 2010 to 2015
Table 4-29: Projected Market Value of Offshore Wind Energy Foundation Manufacturing, 2009, 2010 and 2015 (in $ millions)
Table 4-30: Global Market Value of Offshore Wind Energy Foundation Manufacturing by Region, 2009, 2010 and 2015 (in $ millions)
Table 4-31: Projected Market Value of Offshore Wind Energy Foundation Manufacturing in Europe, 2009, 2010 and 2015
Figure 4-6: Global Share of Offshore Wind Energy to Total Wind Energy Manufacturing, by Region, 2010 and 2015
Table 4-32: Total Global Market Value of Offshore Wind Energy Manufacturing, 2010 and 2015 (in $ millions)
CHAPTER 5: COMPETITIVE PROFILES
GE Energy
Overview and Performance
Figure 5-1: General Electric Co. Infrastructure Division Revenues and Year-Over-Year Growth, 2004 to 2009 (e) (in $billions)
Table 5-1: General Electric Revenues, 2004 to 2009 (e) (in $ billions)
Figure 5-2: Share of General Electric Revenue for 2009, by GE Business Unit in $ billions)
Research & Development
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
Overview and Performance
Table 5-2: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Revenues, 2008 and 2009, by Division (in $ billions)
Significant Developments
Siemens Power Generation
Overview and Performance
Table 5-3: Siemens AG Revenues, 2008 to 2009, by Business Unit (in $ billions)
Significant Developments
Suzlon Energy
Overview and Performance
Key Strategic Markets
Gamesa
Overview and Performance
Figure 5-3: Gamesa Revenues, 2003 to 2009 (in $ billions)
Vestas
Overview and Performance
Offshore Wind Turbine Specialists
CHAPTER 6: PRODUCT INNOVATION AND PUBLIC POLICY
Offshore Wind Farm Development Challenges
Table 6-1: Manufacturer Developments in Offshore Turbines
Offshore Wind Research Developments
Wind Turbine Product Innovation
Future Component Product Innovations
Turbine Research & Development
Innovations in Electricity Grid Integration
Legalities of Site Selection
Environmental Impacts Assessed
Germany Lays Undersea Cable
Table 6-2: Key Technical Data for the Borwin1 Wind Farm
Cluster Concept Used
U.S. Offshore Wind Farm Innovations
University-led Offshore Wind Research
Innovations in Offshore Foundations
Federal Incentives
Public Relations Woes for Wind Energy
AWEA Defends Wind Turbines
