United States Electromagnetic Clutches Market Report 2017

October 2017 | 115 pages | ID: U710F463ECCEN
QYResearch

Abstracts

In this report, the United States Electromagnetic Clutches market is valued at USD XX million in 2016 and is expected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2022, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2016 and 2022.

Geographically, this report splits the United States market into seven regions:

• The West
• Southwest
• The Middle Atlantic
• New England
• The South
• The Midwest
• with sales (volume), revenue (value), market share and growth rate of Electromagnetic Clutches in these regions, from 2012 to 2022 (forecast).

United States Electromagnetic Clutches market competition by top manufacturers/players, with Electromagnetic Clutches sales volume, price, revenue (Million USD) and market share for each manufacturer/player; the top players including

• Mitsubishi Electric
• Minebea
• Osaki
• Karl E. Brinkmann
• Miki Pulley
• Goizper
• Danaher
• Magtrol
• Intorq
• Ortlinghaus
• Mayr
• Merobel
• Kobelco
• Tianjin Electric
• Chuang Xin
• Guangde Lixin
• Tian Ji
• Steki
• Chain Tail
• Yan Clutch
• Ogura Clutch
• Kendrion
• Hofo
• Jiangyin Changsheng
• Langfang Xinjia
• Guang Da Motor?
• China Wanxiang

On the basis of product, this report displays the production, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into

• Dry Type
• Wet Type
• Magnetic Powder Type

On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate of Electromagnetic Clutches for each application, including

• Automotive Industry
• Machine Tool
• Others

If you have any special requirements, please let us know and we will offer you the report as you want.

Contents

United States Electromagnetic Clutches Market Report 2017

1 ELECTROMAGNETIC CLUTCHES OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Electromagnetic Clutches
1.2 Classification of Electromagnetic Clutches by Product Category
  1.2.1 United States Electromagnetic Clutches Market Size (Sales Volume) Comparison by Type (2012-2022)
  1.2.2 United States Electromagnetic Clutches Market Size (Sales Volume) Market Share by Type (Product Category) in 2016
  1.2.3 Dry Type
  1.2.4 Wet Type
  1.2.5 Magnetic Powder Type
1.3 United States Electromagnetic Clutches Market by Application/End Users
  1.3.1 United States Electromagnetic Clutches Market Size (Consumption) and Market Share Comparison by Application (2012-2022)
  1.3.2 Automotive Industry
  1.3.3 Machine Tool
  1.3.4 Others
1.4 United States Electromagnetic Clutches Market by Region
  1.4.1 United States Electromagnetic Clutches Market Size (Value) Comparison by Region (2012-2022)
  1.4.2 The West Electromagnetic Clutches Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.3 Southwest Electromagnetic Clutches Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.4 The Middle Atlantic Electromagnetic Clutches Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.5 New England Electromagnetic Clutches Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.6 The South Electromagnetic Clutches Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.7 The Midwest Electromagnetic Clutches Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
1.5 United States Market Size (Value and Volume) of Electromagnetic Clutches (2012-2022)
  1.5.1 United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
  1.5.2 United States Electromagnetic Clutches Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

2 UNITED STATES ELECTROMAGNETIC CLUTCHES MARKET COMPETITION BY PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS

2.1 United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales and Market Share of Key Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
2.2 United States Electromagnetic Clutches Revenue and Share by Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
2.3 United States Electromagnetic Clutches Average Price by Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
2.4 United States Electromagnetic Clutches Market Competitive Situation and Trends
  2.4.1 United States Electromagnetic Clutches Market Concentration Rate
  2.4.2 United States Electromagnetic Clutches Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Players/Suppliers
  2.4.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion in United States Market
2.5 United States Players/Suppliers Electromagnetic Clutches Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area, Product Type

3 UNITED STATES ELECTROMAGNETIC CLUTCHES SALES (VOLUME) AND REVENUE (VALUE) BY REGION (2012-2017)

3.1 United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
3.2 United States Electromagnetic Clutches Revenue and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
3.3 United States Electromagnetic Clutches Price by Region (2012-2017)

4 UNITED STATES ELECTROMAGNETIC CLUTCHES SALES (VOLUME) AND REVENUE (VALUE) BY TYPE (PRODUCT CATEGORY) (2012-2017)

4.1 United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales and Market Share by Type (Product Category) (2012-2017)
4.2 United States Electromagnetic Clutches Revenue and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
4.3 United States Electromagnetic Clutches Price by Type (2012-2017)
4.4 United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Growth Rate by Type (2012-2017)

5 UNITED STATES ELECTROMAGNETIC CLUTCHES SALES (VOLUME) BY APPLICATION (2012-2017)

5.1 United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales and Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
5.2 United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)
5.3 Market Drivers and Opportunities

6 UNITED STATES ELECTROMAGNETIC CLUTCHES PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS PROFILES AND SALES DATA

6.1 Mitsubishi Electric
  6.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.1.2 Electromagnetic Clutches Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.1.2.1 Product A
    6.1.2.2 Product B
  6.1.3 Mitsubishi Electric Electromagnetic Clutches Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.2 Minebea
  6.2.2 Electromagnetic Clutches Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.2.2.1 Product A
    6.2.2.2 Product B
  6.2.3 Minebea Electromagnetic Clutches Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.3 Osaki
  6.3.2 Electromagnetic Clutches Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.3.2.1 Product A
    6.3.2.2 Product B
  6.3.3 Osaki Electromagnetic Clutches Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.4 Karl E. Brinkmann
  6.4.2 Electromagnetic Clutches Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.4.2.1 Product A
    6.4.2.2 Product B
  6.4.3 Karl E. Brinkmann Electromagnetic Clutches Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.5 Miki Pulley
  6.5.2 Electromagnetic Clutches Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.5.2.1 Product A
    6.5.2.2 Product B
  6.5.3 Miki Pulley Electromagnetic Clutches Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.6 Goizper
  6.6.2 Electromagnetic Clutches Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.6.2.1 Product A
    6.6.2.2 Product B
  6.6.3 Goizper Electromagnetic Clutches Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.7 Danaher
  6.7.2 Electromagnetic Clutches Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.7.2.1 Product A
    6.7.2.2 Product B
  6.7.3 Danaher Electromagnetic Clutches Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.8 Magtrol
  6.8.2 Electromagnetic Clutches Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.8.2.1 Product A
    6.8.2.2 Product B
  6.8.3 Magtrol Electromagnetic Clutches Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.9 Intorq
  6.9.2 Electromagnetic Clutches Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.9.2.1 Product A
    6.9.2.2 Product B
  6.9.3 Intorq Electromagnetic Clutches Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.10 Ortlinghaus
  6.10.2 Electromagnetic Clutches Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.10.2.1 Product A
    6.10.2.2 Product B
  6.10.3 Ortlinghaus Electromagnetic Clutches Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.11 Mayr
6.12 Merobel
6.13 Kobelco
6.14 Tianjin Electric
6.15 Chuang Xin
6.16 Guangde Lixin
6.17 Tian Ji
6.18 Steki
6.19 Chain Tail
6.20 Yan Clutch
6.21 Ogura Clutch
6.22 Kendrion
6.23 Hofo
6.24 Jiangyin Changsheng
6.25 Langfang Xinjia
6.26 Guang Da Motor?
6.27 China Wanxiang

7 ELECTROMAGNETIC CLUTCHES MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

7.1 Electromagnetic Clutches Key Raw Materials Analysis
  7.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  7.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  7.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  7.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
7.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  7.2.1 Raw Materials
  7.2.2 Labor Cost
  7.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
7.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Electromagnetic Clutches

8 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

8.1 Electromagnetic Clutches Industrial Chain Analysis
8.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
8.3 Raw Materials Sources of Electromagnetic Clutches Major Manufacturers in 2016
8.4 Downstream Buyers

9 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

9.1 Marketing Channel
  9.1.1 Direct Marketing
  9.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  9.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
9.2 Market Positioning
  9.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  9.2.2 Brand Strategy
  9.2.3 Target Client
9.3 Distributors/Traders List

10 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

10.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  10.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  10.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
10.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
10.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

11 UNITED STATES ELECTROMAGNETIC CLUTCHES MARKET SIZE (VALUE AND VOLUME) FORECAST (2017-2022)

11.1 United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Volume, Revenue Forecast (2017-2022)
11.2 United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Volume Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
11.3 United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Volume Forecast by Application (2017-2022)
11.4 United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Volume Forecast by Region (2017-2022)

12 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

13 APPENDIX

13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
  13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
  13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
  13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
  13.2.1 Secondary Sources
  13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Disclaimer


The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Product Picture of Electromagnetic Clutches
Figure United States Electromagnetic Clutches Market Size (K Units) by Type (2012-2022)
Figure United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Volume Market Share by Type (Product Category) in 2016
Figure Dry Type Product Picture
Figure Wet Type Product Picture
Figure Magnetic Powder Type Product Picture
Figure United States Electromagnetic Clutches Market Size (K Units) by Application (2012-2022)
Figure United States Sales Market Share of Electromagnetic Clutches by Application in 2016
Figure Automotive Industry Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Automotive Industry
Figure Machine Tool Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Machine Tool
Figure Others Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Others
Figure United States Electromagnetic Clutches Market Size (Million USD) by Region (2012-2022)
Figure The West Electromagnetic Clutches Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Southwest Electromagnetic Clutches Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure The Middle Atlantic Electromagnetic Clutches Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure New England Electromagnetic Clutches Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure The South of US Electromagnetic Clutches Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure The Midwest Electromagnetic Clutches Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure United States Electromagnetic Clutches Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure United States Electromagnetic Clutches Market Major Players Product Sales Volume (K Units) (2012-2017)
Table United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales (K Units) of Key Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
Table United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Share by Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
Figure 2016 United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Share by Players/Suppliers
Figure 2017 United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Share by Players/Suppliers
Figure United States Electromagnetic Clutches Market Major Players Product Revenue (Million USD) (2012-2017)
Table United States Electromagnetic Clutches Revenue (Million USD) by Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
Table United States Electromagnetic Clutches Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
Figure 2016 United States Electromagnetic Clutches Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers
Figure 2017 United States Electromagnetic Clutches Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers
Table United States Market Electromagnetic Clutches Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
Figure United States Market Electromagnetic Clutches Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Players/Suppliers in 2016
Figure United States Electromagnetic Clutches Market Share of Top 3 Players/Suppliers
Figure United States Electromagnetic Clutches Market Share of Top 5 Players/Suppliers
Table United States Players/Suppliers Electromagnetic Clutches Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area
Table United States Players/Suppliers Electromagnetic Clutches Product Category
Table United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales (K Units) by Region (2012-2017)
Table United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Share by Region (2012-2017)
Figure United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Share by Region (2012-2017)
Figure United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Market Share by Region in 2016
Table United States Electromagnetic Clutches Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
Table United States Electromagnetic Clutches Revenue Share by Region (2012-2017)
Figure United States Electromagnetic Clutches Revenue Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
Figure United States Electromagnetic Clutches Revenue Market Share by Region in 2016
Table United States Electromagnetic Clutches Price (USD/Unit) by Region (2012-2017)
Table United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales (K Units) by Type (2012-2017)
Table United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Market Share by Type in 2016
Table United States Electromagnetic Clutches Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table United States Electromagnetic Clutches Revenue Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Electromagnetic Clutches by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Electromagnetic Clutches by Type in 2016
Table United States Electromagnetic Clutches Price (USD/Unit) by Types (2012-2017)
Figure United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Growth Rate by Type (2012-2017)
Table United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales (K Units) by Application (2012-2017)
Table United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
Figure United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
Figure United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Market Share by Application in 2016
Table United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)
Figure United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)
Table Mitsubishi Electric Basic Information List
Table Mitsubishi Electric Electromagnetic Clutches Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Mitsubishi Electric Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Mitsubishi Electric Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Mitsubishi Electric Electromagnetic Clutches Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Minebea Basic Information List
Table Minebea Electromagnetic Clutches Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Minebea Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Minebea Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Minebea Electromagnetic Clutches Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Osaki Basic Information List
Table Osaki Electromagnetic Clutches Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Osaki Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Osaki Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Osaki Electromagnetic Clutches Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Karl E. Brinkmann Basic Information List
Table Karl E. Brinkmann Electromagnetic Clutches Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Karl E. Brinkmann Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Karl E. Brinkmann Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Karl E. Brinkmann Electromagnetic Clutches Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Miki Pulley Basic Information List
Table Miki Pulley Electromagnetic Clutches Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Miki Pulley Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Miki Pulley Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Miki Pulley Electromagnetic Clutches Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Goizper Basic Information List
Table Goizper Electromagnetic Clutches Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Goizper Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Goizper Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Goizper Electromagnetic Clutches Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Danaher Basic Information List
Table Danaher Electromagnetic Clutches Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Danaher Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Danaher Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Danaher Electromagnetic Clutches Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Magtrol Basic Information List
Table Magtrol Electromagnetic Clutches Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Magtrol Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Magtrol Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Magtrol Electromagnetic Clutches Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Intorq Basic Information List
Table Intorq Electromagnetic Clutches Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Intorq Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Intorq Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Intorq Electromagnetic Clutches Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Ortlinghaus Basic Information List
Table Ortlinghaus Electromagnetic Clutches Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Ortlinghaus Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Ortlinghaus Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Ortlinghaus Electromagnetic Clutches Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Mayr Basic Information List
Table Merobel Basic Information List
Table Kobelco Basic Information List
Table Tianjin Electric Basic Information List
Table Chuang Xin Basic Information List
Table Guangde Lixin Basic Information List
Table Tian Ji Basic Information List
Table Steki Basic Information List
Table Chain Tail Basic Information List
Table Yan Clutch Basic Information List
Table Ogura Clutch Basic Information List
Table Kendrion Basic Information List
Table Hofo Basic Information List
Table Jiangyin Changsheng Basic Information List
Table Langfang Xinjia Basic Information List
Table Guang Da Motor? Basic Information List
Table China Wanxiang Basic Information List
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Electromagnetic Clutches
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Electromagnetic Clutches
Figure Electromagnetic Clutches Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Electromagnetic Clutches Major Players/Suppliers in 2016
Table Major Buyers of Electromagnetic Clutches
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Volume (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure United States Electromagnetic Clutches Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure United States Electromagnetic Clutches Price (USD/Unit) Trend Forecast (2017-2022)
Table United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
Figure United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
Figure United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Type in 2022
Table United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Application (2017-2022)
Figure United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Application (2017-2022)
Figure United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Application in 2022
Table United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Region (2017-2022)
Table United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region (2017-2022)
Figure United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region (2017-2022)
Figure United States Electromagnetic Clutches Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region in 2022
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources