China Benzocaine Market Research Report 2018

March 2018 | 106 pages | ID: C270DEB5690QEN
QYResearch

Abstracts

The global Benzocaine market is valued at XX million USD in 2017 and is expected to reach XX million USD by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2017 and 2025.

China plays an important role in global market, with market size of xx million USD in 2017 and will be xx million USD in 2025, with a CAGR of xx%.

This report studies the Benzocaine development status and future trend in China, focuses on top players in China, also splits Benzocaine by type and by applications, to fully and deeply research and reveal the market general situation and future forecast.

The major players in China market include

• TCI (Japan)
• Merck KGaA (Germany)
• Aceto Corporation (US)
• Alfa Aesar (US)
• Penta Manufacturing Company (US)
• ABCR GmbH & CO. KG (Germany)
• PureChems (US)
• Oakwood Products (US)
• Indofine Chemical Company (US)
• Jiutai Pharmaceutial (China)
• Changzhou Sunlight Pharmaceutical (China)
• Energy Chemical (China)
• Jusheng (China)
• Yuanye (China)
• Jinan Subang (China)
• Changzhou Josen (China)
• Ho Tai (China)
• Eashu Pharmaceutical (China)

Geographically, this report splits the China market into six regions,

• South China
• East China
• Southwest China
• Northeast China
• North China
• Central China
• Northwest China

On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume (MT), revenue (Million USD), product price (USD/Kg), market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into

• Benzocaine with 98% Purity
• Benzocaine with 99% Purity
• Other

On the basis of the end users/application, this report covers

• Cosmetics
• Anesthetic
• Other

If you have any special requirements, please let us know and we will offer you the report as you want.

Contents

China Benzocaine Market Research Report 2018

1 BENZOCAINE OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Benzocaine
1.2 Classification of Benzocaine by Product Category
  1.2.1 China Benzocaine Sales (MT) Comparison by Type (2013-2025)
  1.2.2 China Benzocaine Sales (MT) Market Share by Type in 2017
  1.2.3 Benzocaine with 98% Purity
  1.2.4 Benzocaine with 99% Purity
  1.2.5 Other
1.3 China Benzocaine Market by Application/End Users
  1.3.1 China Benzocaine Sales (MT) and Market Share Comparison by Applications (2013-2025)
  1.3.2 Cosmetics
  1.3.3 Anesthetic
  1.3.4 Other
1.4 China Benzocaine Market by Region
  1.4.1 China Benzocaine Market Size (Million USD) Comparison by Region (2013-2025)
  1.4.2 South China Benzocaine Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.3 East China Benzocaine Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.4 Southwest China Benzocaine Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.5 Northeast China Benzocaine Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.6 North China Benzocaine Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.7 Central China Benzocaine Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
1.5 China Market Size (Sales and Revenue) of Benzocaine (2013-2025)
  1.5.1 China Benzocaine Sales (MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2025)
  1.5.2 China Benzocaine Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2025)

2 CHINA BENZOCAINE MARKET COMPETITION BY PLAYERS/MANUFACTURERS

2.1 China Benzocaine Sales and Market Share of Key Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
2.2 China Benzocaine Revenue and Share by Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
2.3 China Benzocaine Average Price (USD/Kg) by Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
2.4 China Benzocaine Market Competitive Situation and Trends
  2.4.1 China Benzocaine Market Concentration Rate
  2.4.2 China Benzocaine Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Players/Manufacturers
  2.4.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion in China Market
2.5 China Players/Manufacturers Benzocaine Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area, Product Types

3 CHINA BENZOCAINE SALES AND REVENUE BY REGION (2013-2018)

3.1 China Benzocaine Sales (MT) and Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
3.2 China Benzocaine Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
3.3 China Benzocaine Price (USD/Kg) by Regions (2013-2018)

4 CHINA BENZOCAINE SALES AND REVENUE BY TYPE/ PRODUCT CATEGORY (2013-2018)

4.1 China Benzocaine Sales (MT) and Market Share by Type/ Product Category (2013-2018)
4.2 China Benzocaine Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
4.3 China Benzocaine Price (USD/Kg) by Type (2013-2018)
4.4 China Benzocaine Sales Growth Rate (%) by Type (2013-2018)

5 CHINA BENZOCAINE SALES BY APPLICATION (2013-2018)

5.1 China Benzocaine Sales (MT) and Market Share by Application (2013-2018)
5.2 China Benzocaine Sales Growth Rate (%) by Application (2013-2018)
5.3 Market Drivers and Opportunities

6 CHINA BENZOCAINE PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS PROFILES AND SALES DATA

6.1 TCI (Japan)
  6.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.1.2 Benzocaine Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.1.2.1 Product A
    6.1.2.2 Product B
  6.1.3 TCI (Japan) Benzocaine Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Kg) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.2 Merck KGaA (Germany)
  6.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.2.2 Benzocaine Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.2.2.1 Product A
    6.2.2.2 Product B
  6.2.3 Merck KGaA (Germany) Benzocaine Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Kg) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.3 Aceto Corporation (US)
  6.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.3.2 Benzocaine Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.3.2.1 Product A
    6.3.2.2 Product B
  6.3.3 Aceto Corporation (US) Benzocaine Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Kg) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.4 Alfa Aesar (US)
  6.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.4.2 Benzocaine Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.4.2.1 Product A
    6.4.2.2 Product B
  6.4.3 Alfa Aesar (US) Benzocaine Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Kg) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.5 Penta Manufacturing Company (US)
  6.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.5.2 Benzocaine Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.5.2.1 Product A
    6.5.2.2 Product B
  6.5.3 Penta Manufacturing Company (US) Benzocaine Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Kg) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.6 ABCR GmbH & CO. KG (Germany)
  6.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.6.2 Benzocaine Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.6.2.1 Product A
    6.6.2.2 Product B
  6.6.3 ABCR GmbH & CO. KG (Germany) Benzocaine Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Kg) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.7 PureChems (US)
  6.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.7.2 Benzocaine Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.7.2.1 Product A
    6.7.2.2 Product B
  6.7.3 PureChems (US) Benzocaine Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Kg) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.8 Oakwood Products (US)
  6.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.8.2 Benzocaine Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.8.2.1 Product A
    6.8.2.2 Product B
  6.8.3 Oakwood Products (US) Benzocaine Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Kg) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.9 Indofine Chemical Company (US)
  6.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.9.2 Benzocaine Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.9.2.1 Product A
    6.9.2.2 Product B
  6.9.3 Indofine Chemical Company (US) Benzocaine Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Kg) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.10 Jiutai Pharmaceutial (China)
  6.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.10.2 Benzocaine Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.10.2.1 Product A
    6.10.2.2 Product B
  6.10.3 Jiutai Pharmaceutial (China) Benzocaine Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Kg) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
  6.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.11 Changzhou Sunlight Pharmaceutical (China)
6.12 Energy Chemical (China)
6.13 Jusheng (China)
6.14 Yuanye (China)
6.15 Jinan Subang (China)
6.16 Changzhou Josen (China)
6.17 Ho Tai (China)
6.18 Eashu Pharmaceutical (China)

7 BENZOCAINE MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

7.1 Benzocaine Key Raw Materials Analysis
  7.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  7.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  7.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  7.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
7.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  7.2.1 Raw Materials
  7.2.2 Labor Cost
  7.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
7.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Benzocaine

8 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

8.1 Benzocaine Industrial Chain Analysis
8.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
8.3 Raw Materials Sources of Benzocaine Major Manufacturers in 2017
8.4 Downstream Buyers

9 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

9.1 Marketing Channel
  9.1.1 Direct Marketing
  9.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  9.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
9.2 Market Positioning
  9.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  9.2.2 Brand Strategy
  9.2.3 Target Client
9.3 Distributors/Traders List

10 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

10.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  10.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  10.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
10.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
10.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

11 CHINA BENZOCAINE MARKET SIZE (SALES AND REVENUE) FORECAST (2018-2025)

11.1 China Benzocaine Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD) Forecast (2018-2025)
11.2 China Benzocaine Sales (MT) Forecast by Type (2018-2025)
11.3 China Benzocaine Sales (MT) Forecast by Application (2018-2025)
11.4 China Benzocaine Sales (MT) Forecast by Region (2018-2025)

12 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

13 METHODOLOGY AND DATA SOURCE

13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
  13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
  13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
  13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
  13.2.1 Secondary Sources
  13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Disclaimer
13.4 Author List


The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Global and China Market Size (Million USD) Comparison (2013-2025)
Table Benzocaine Sales (MT) and Revenue (Million USD) Market Split by Product Type
Table Benzocaine Sales (MT) by Application (2013-2025)
Figure Product Picture of Benzocaine
Table China Benzocaine Sales (MT) and Growth Rate (%) Comparison by Types (Product Category) (2013-2025)
Figure China Benzocaine Sales Volume Market Share by Types in 2017
Figure Benzocaine with 98% Purity Product Picture
Figure Benzocaine with 99% Purity Product Picture
Figure Other Product Picture
Figure China Benzocaine Sales (MT) Comparison by Application (2013-2025)
Figure China Sales Market Share (%) of Benzocaine by Application in 2017
Figure Cosmetics Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Cosmetics
Figure Anesthetic Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Anesthetic
Figure Other Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Other
Figure South China Benzocaine Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure East China Benzocaine Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure Southwest China Benzocaine Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure Northeast China Benzocaine Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure North China Benzocaine Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure Central China Benzocaine Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure China Benzocaine Sales (MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2025)
Figure China Benzocaine Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2025)
Table China Benzocaine Sales of Key Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
Table China Benzocaine Sales Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
Figure 2017 China Benzocaine Sales Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Figure 2017 China Benzocaine Sales Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Table China Benzocaine Revenue by Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
Table China Benzocaine Revenue Market Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
Figure 2017 China Benzocaine Revenue Market Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Figure 2017 China Benzocaine Revenue Market Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Table China Market Benzocaine Average Price of Key Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018)
Figure China Market Benzocaine Average Price of Key Players/Manufacturers in 2017
Figure China Benzocaine Market Share of Top 3 Players/Manufacturers
Figure China Benzocaine Market Share of Top 5 Players/Manufacturers
Table China Players/Manufacturers Benzocaine Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area
Table China Players/Manufacturers Benzocaine Product Category
Table China Benzocaine Sales (MT) by Regions (2013-2018)
Table China Benzocaine Sales Share (%) by Regions (2013-2018)
Figure China Benzocaine Sales Share (%) by Regions (2013-2018)
Figure China Benzocaine Sales Market Share (%) by Regions in 2017
Table China Benzocaine Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Regions (2013-2018)
Table China Benzocaine Revenue Market Share (%) by Regions (2013-2018)
Figure China Benzocaine Revenue Market Share (%) by Regions (2013-2018)
Figure China Benzocaine Revenue Market Share (%) by Regions in 2017
Table China Benzocaine Price (USD/Kg) by Regions (2013-2018)
Table China Benzocaine Sales (MT) by Type (2013-2018)
Table China Benzocaine Sales Share (%) by Type (2013-2018)
Figure China Benzocaine Sales Share (%) by Type (2013-2018)
Figure China Benzocaine Sales Market Share (%) by Type in 2017
Table China Benzocaine Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
Table China Benzocaine Revenue Market Share (%) by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Benzocaine by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Benzocaine by Type in 2017
Table China Benzocaine Price (USD/Kg) by Types (2013-2018)
Figure China Benzocaine Sales Growth Rate (%) by Type (2013-2018)
Table China Benzocaine Sales (MT) by Applications (2013-2018)
Table China Benzocaine Sales Market Share (%) by Applications (2013-2018)
Figure China Benzocaine Sales Market Share (%) by Application (2013-2018)
Figure China Benzocaine Sales Market Share (%) by Application in 2017
Table China Benzocaine Sales Growth Rate (%) by Application (2013-2018)
Figure China Benzocaine Sales Growth Rate (%) by Application (2013-2018)
Table TCI (Japan) Benzocaine Basic Information List
Table TCI (Japan) Benzocaine Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Kg) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure TCI (Japan) Benzocaine Sales (MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure TCI (Japan) Benzocaine Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure TCI (Japan) Benzocaine Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table Merck KGaA (Germany) Benzocaine Basic Information List
Table Merck KGaA (Germany) Benzocaine Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Kg) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Merck KGaA (Germany) Benzocaine Sales (MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Merck KGaA (Germany) Benzocaine Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure Merck KGaA (Germany) Benzocaine Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table Aceto Corporation (US) Benzocaine Basic Information List
Table Aceto Corporation (US) Benzocaine Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Kg) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Aceto Corporation (US) Benzocaine Sales (MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Aceto Corporation (US) Benzocaine Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure Aceto Corporation (US) Benzocaine Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table Alfa Aesar (US) Benzocaine Basic Information List
Table Alfa Aesar (US) Benzocaine Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Kg) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Alfa Aesar (US) Benzocaine Sales (MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Alfa Aesar (US) Benzocaine Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure Alfa Aesar (US) Benzocaine Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table Penta Manufacturing Company (US) Benzocaine Basic Information List
Table Penta Manufacturing Company (US) Benzocaine Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Kg) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Penta Manufacturing Company (US) Benzocaine Sales (MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Penta Manufacturing Company (US) Benzocaine Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure Penta Manufacturing Company (US) Benzocaine Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table ABCR GmbH & CO. KG (Germany) Benzocaine Basic Information List
Table ABCR GmbH & CO. KG (Germany) Benzocaine Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Kg) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure ABCR GmbH & CO. KG (Germany) Benzocaine Sales (MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure ABCR GmbH & CO. KG (Germany) Benzocaine Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure ABCR GmbH & CO. KG (Germany) Benzocaine Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table PureChems (US) Benzocaine Basic Information List
Table PureChems (US) Benzocaine Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Kg) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure PureChems (US) Benzocaine Sales (MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure PureChems (US) Benzocaine Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure PureChems (US) Benzocaine Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table Oakwood Products (US) Benzocaine Basic Information List
Table Oakwood Products (US) Benzocaine Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Kg) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Oakwood Products (US) Benzocaine Sales (MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Oakwood Products (US) Benzocaine Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure Oakwood Products (US) Benzocaine Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table Indofine Chemical Company (US) Benzocaine Basic Information List
Table Indofine Chemical Company (US) Benzocaine Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Kg) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Indofine Chemical Company (US) Benzocaine Sales (MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Indofine Chemical Company (US) Benzocaine Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure Indofine Chemical Company (US) Benzocaine Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table Jiutai Pharmaceutial (China) Benzocaine Basic Information List
Table Jiutai Pharmaceutial (China) Benzocaine Sales (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Kg) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Jiutai Pharmaceutial (China) Benzocaine Sales (MT) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
Figure Jiutai Pharmaceutial (China) Benzocaine Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Figure Jiutai Pharmaceutial (China) Benzocaine Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018)
Table Changzhou Sunlight Pharmaceutical (China) Benzocaine Basic Information List
Table Energy Chemical (China) Benzocaine Basic Information List
Table Jusheng (China) Benzocaine Basic Information List
Table Yuanye (China) Benzocaine Basic Information List
Table Jinan Subang (China) Benzocaine Basic Information List
Table Changzhou Josen (China) Benzocaine Basic Information List
Table Ho Tai (China) Benzocaine Basic Information List
Table Eashu Pharmaceutical (China) Benzocaine Basic Information List
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Benzocaine
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Benzocaine
Figure Benzocaine Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Benzocaine Major Players/Manufacturers in 2017
Table Major Buyers of Benzocaine
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure China Benzocaine Sales (MT) and Growth Rate (%) Forecast (2018-2025)
Figure China Benzocaine Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2025)
Figure China Benzocaine Price (USD/Kg) Trend Forecast (2018-2025)
Table China Benzocaine Sales (MT) Forecast by Type (2018-2025)
Figure China Benzocaine Sales (MT) Forecast by Type (2018-2025)
Figure China Benzocaine Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Type in 2025
Table China Benzocaine Sales (MT) Forecast by Application (2018-2025)
Figure China Benzocaine Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Application (2018-2025)
Figure China Benzocaine Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Application in 2025
Table China Benzocaine Sales (MT) Forecast by Regions (2018-2025)
Table China Benzocaine Sales Volume Share Forecast by Regions (2018-2025)
Figure China Benzocaine Sales Volume Share Forecast by Regions (2018-2025)
Figure China Benzocaine Sales Volume Share Forecast by Regions in 2025
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources