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Although ultracapacitors have been around since the 1960s, they are relatively expensive and only recently have begun to be manufactured in sufficient quantities to become cost competitive. Today ultracapacitors can be found in a range of electronic devices, from computers to cars.
An ultracapacitor (supercapacitor or electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC)) stores more power than a battery and more energy than a capacitor. For this reason, it brings significant benefits in both “peak-assist” and “power-assist” applications.
Traditional symmetric supercapacitors with two identical electrodes work by storing energy electrostatically, by polarizing an electrolyte solution at the electrode surface. Most advanced ultracapacitors today use two carbon electrodes with an organic electrolyte. This creates a problem for designers, since the energy that carbon-carbon electrodes are able to store effectively is limited, and the electrolyte is both expensive and potentially hazardous. The next generation of supercapacitors (asymmetric or hybrid supercapacitors) substitutes one of the carbon electrodes for a “redox” electrode similar to those used in batteries. The use of a battery-like electrode, in combination with a carbon electrode, increases the energy density considerably, although the power density decreases.
The terms, “supercapacitor,” ”ultracapacitor,” and ”electrochemical double layer capacitor,” have been used indiscriminately in literature in reference to high capacitance devices. It is generally recognized that these terms are interchangeable depending on the manufacturer. Throughout the rest of this report, the term “ultracapacitor” will generally be adopted, for the sole purpose of keeping with consistency.
STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES
This study focuses on key ultracapacitor products and provides data about the size and growth of the ultracapacitor markets, as well as company profiles and industry trends. The goal of this report is to provide a detailed and comprehensive multi-client study of the markets for ultracapacitors in North America, Europe, Japan, China, Korea and the rest of the world (ROW), as well as potential business opportunities in the future. The objectives include thorough coverage of underlying economic issues driving the ultracapacitor business, as well as assessments of new, advanced ultracapacitors that companies are developing. Also covered are legislative pressures for increased safety and environmental protection, as well as users’ expectations for economical ultracapacitors. Another important objective is to provide realistic market data and forecasts for ultracapacitors. This study provides the most thorough and up-to-date assessment that can be found anywhere on the subject. The study also provides extensive quantification of the many important facets of worldwide market development in ultracapacitors. This, in turn, contributes to a determination of what kind of strategic response companies may adopt in order to compete in these dynamic markets.
Ultracapacitor users in developed markets must contend with twin pressures: to innovate and, at the same time, to reduce costs. New applications for ultracapacitors have been proposed in recent years. The popularity of these devices is due to their long cycle life and high power density relative to batteries. In principle, ultracapacitors exhibit unlimited cycle life and maintenance-free operation as an alternative to batteries in power circuits. A new, promising application for ultracapacitors is a pulse-power source in fuel cell and hybrid vehicle applications. The pulse-power source provides the peak power during acceleration and stores regenerative energy during braking.
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
The ultracapacitor market is an attractive and still growing multi-million dollar market characterized by very high production volumes of ultracapacitors that must be both extremely reliable and low in cost. Growth in the ultracapacitor market continues to be driven by increasing demands in fuel-cell and hybrid-vehicle applications, for industrial systems and consumer electronics. Existing products will continue to find new applications, and new products will emerge to improve functionality.
The ultracapacitor industry is complex and fast-moving, with manufacturers increasingly adopting a truly global view of the market. Around the world, consumers are demanding a high power density as well as extremely long cycle life. The energy density of ultracapacitors is small compared with that of batteries. Against this difficult background, manufacturers have attempted to achieve growth through company mergers and acquisitions, and by implementing global strategies.
Ultracapacitors, once a technological novelty, are now mainstream and are showing significant sales volumes. As prices of ultracapacitors drop, better commercial viability and growing dissatisfaction with existing energy-storage solutions are expected to steer customers toward this emerging technology. Mobile applications are a strong area of growth for ultracapacitors, as continuous product enhancements and value-added features such as on-line gaming and Wi-Fi accessibility necessarily require more power. Demand from the industrial sector is also expected to increase. Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) of uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs) and DC power systems are looking at incorporating ultracapacitors as the primary energy-storage solution to boost power reliability.
iRAP conducted a study on ultrascapacitors in 2006. Since then, more new-generation electric and hybrid vehicles have been coming into the market. Therefore, iRAP felt a need for another detailed study in order to better understand both the technology and market dynamics. The report identifies and evaluates automotive electric product markets and technologies with significant potential growth.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
This study provides the most complete accounting of growth in the ultracapacitor market in North America, Europe, Japan, China and the rest of the world currently available in a multi-client format. It provides the most thorough and up-to-date assessment that can be found anywhere on the subject. The study also provides extensive quantification of the many important facets of market developments in emerging markets for stationary, industrial, consumer and transport energy storage. The study has also included new usage of ultracapacitors in automatic power metering, energy harvesting devices for wireless networking, and hard disk drives of notebooks. This quantification, in turn, contributes to the determination of what kind of strategic response suppliers may adopt in order to compete in these dynamic markets. Audiences for this study include marketing executives, business unit managers and other decision makers in ultracapacitor companies as well as in companies peripheral to this business.
SCOPE AND FORMAT
The market data contained in this report quantify opportunities for ultracapacitors. In addition to product types, this report also covers the many issues concerning the merits and future prospects of the ultracapacitor business, including corporate strategies, information technologies, and the means for providing these highly advanced product and service offerings.
The supply chain is of keen interest, focusing on the use of carbon cloth and powder, the need for higher voltages per cell, automation, and lower raw materials prices. The industry has set price targets of $0.01 to $ 0.005 per farad by 2010.
This report also covers in detail the economic and technological issues regarded by many as critical to the industry’s current state of change. It provides a review of the ultracapacitor industry and its structure, and of the many companies involved in providing these products. The competitive positions of the main players in the ultracapacitor market and the strategic options they face are also discussed, along with such competitive factors as marketing, distribution and operations.
TO WHOM THE STUDY CATERS
This study addresses the global market for electric double layer carbon (EDLC) supercapacitors, which uniquely combine the characteristics of extremely high capacitance (in the farad range) in low voltage cells (1.2 to 2.5 Vdc in large quantities).
The study looks at this fledging market – the players, the technical challenges, and technical threats, the activated carbon supply chain, and the end markets in which these devices are consumed. including stationary, industrial, consumer and transport energy storage. It further focuses on coin cells and large can supercapacitors and the rapid growth of large can designs in variable speed drives, and heavy trucks and buses.
Therefore, this study will benefit existing manufacturers of capacitors who seek to expand revenues and market opportunities by expanding to new technology such as ultracapacitors, which are positioned to become a preferred solution for some of the energy storage and power delivery applications. Also, this study will benefit users of ultracapacitors who deal with new power-hungry electronic products such as wireless communications devices, the increasing use of electric power in vehicles, and the growing demand for highly reliable, maintenance-free backup power. These demands are creating significant markets for new and improved energy storage and power delivery solutions. For example, sizing the primary power source to meet transient peak power requirements, rather than average power requirements, is costly and inefficient. Primary energy sources can be designed to be smaller, lighter and less costly if they are coupled with specialized power components, such as ultracapacitors, that can deliver or absorb brief bursts of high power on demand for periods of time ranging from fractions of a second to several minutes.
REPORT SUMMARY
Ultracapacitors and electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) fill an important and otherwise vacant niche in the current set of energy storage devices, bridging the gap between batteries and conventional capacitors. They offer greater energy densities than electrostatic capacitors, making them a better choice for back-up applications. They also possess higher power densities than batteries, allowing them to perform a role in load-leveling of pulsed currents. They can help to improve battery performance when combined in hybrid power sources, or they can provide an efficient and long-lasting means of energy storage when used on their own.
However, the technology does have limitations, and applications requiring a long duration of discharge are probably better suited to batteries. If power requirements are found to be at the border of a battery’s capabilities, a hybrid EDLC/battery configuration may be an optimal solution. Advantage can then be gained from both the power density of the EDLC and the energy storage of the battery. This would seem to be the case in electric vehicles, which require power for acceleration in short bursts. The fast response time of EDLCs also makes them suitable for power-quality applications such as static condensers (STATCONs) and digital video recorders (DVRs). Power can quickly be injected or absorbed to help minimize voltage fluctuations in distribution systems.
The greatest barrier to the widespread use of EDLCs is cost, with only a few manufacturers producing devices by automation. Long-established battery technology is often the cheaper alternative, despite the reduced lifetime costs of double-layer capacitor banks. The technology is still in its infancy, however, and it will no doubt become a more competitive energy storage solution in the future.
Ultracapacitors have to be able to stand up to tough environments. Dirt, humidity, salt, fuel additives, vibrations and severe shocks call for the highest standards. Furthermore, ultracapacitors must be able to endure in temperatures ranging from -40°C to +160°C without significant deviation in accuracy over the entire lifetime of a vehicle, standby equipment, or device.
The GSM phone will require a 200Hz response time to improve the transmit burst in a digital phone system. In these devices, high power is more important than energy density. Therefore, to get the desired frequency response, ultracapacitors will use aqueous electrolytes that provide much lower resistance. To attain these frequencies, carbon electrodes need to be thin, with large pores for rapid ion transport through the material.
By far the highest value target for ultracapacitor technology is the global automobile industry for the 50 to 60 million passenger vehicles that roll off assembly lines around the world each year.
Major findings of this report are:
Ultracapacitor market growth will continue during 2009 to 2014. Worldwide business, over US$275 million in 2009, will continue to grow at an AAGR of 21.4% through 2014.
There are four major markets where ultracapacitors are needed – stationary, industrial, consumer and transport energy storage power management. Each has its own specific requirements.
The transport energy storage market aims to use ultracapacitors as load-leveling devices with batteries in electric and hybrid vehicles. Automotive applications range from hybrid drive trains to power network stabilization to the "electrification" of braking, steering, air conditioning and other subsystems to improve the fuel efficiency and reliability. From 2009 to 2014, transport energy applications, which are mostly automotive applications, will show the highest growth rate.
The stationary energy storage market needs ultracapacitors for short duration applications of energy storage, which are characterized by the need for high power for short periods of time. These include power quality ride-through applications, power stabilization, adjustable speed drive support, temporary support of DR (distributed resources) during load steps, voltage flicker mitigation and many other applications.
Industrial applications need ultracapacitors to improve power quality, specifically using ultracapacitors to handle power surges and short-term power loss.
The consumer electronics and computer market needs small high frequency devices in order to reduce battery size. Typical applications are pagers, personal data assistance devices and cell phones.
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Although ultracapacitors have been around since the 1960s, they are relatively expensive and only recently have begun to be manufactured in sufficient quantities to become cost competitive. Today ultracapacitors can be found in a range of electronic devices, from computers to cars.
An ultracapacitor (supercapacitor or electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC)) stores more power than a battery and more energy than a capacitor. For this reason, it brings significant benefits in both “peak-assist” and “power-assist” applications.
Traditional symmetric supercapacitors with two identical electrodes work by storing energy electrostatically, by polarizing an electrolyte solution at the electrode surface. Most advanced ultracapacitors today use two carbon electrodes with an organic electrolyte. This creates a problem for designers, since the energy that carbon-carbon electrodes are able to store effectively is limited, and the electrolyte is both expensive and potentially hazardous. The next generation of supercapacitors (asymmetric or hybrid supercapacitors) substitutes one of the carbon electrodes for a “redox” electrode similar to those used in batteries. The use of a battery-like electrode, in combination with a carbon electrode, increases the energy density considerably, although the power density decreases.
The terms, “supercapacitor,” ”ultracapacitor,” and ”electrochemical double layer capacitor,” have been used indiscriminately in literature in reference to high capacitance devices. It is generally recognized that these terms are interchangeable depending on the manufacturer. Throughout the rest of this report, the term “ultracapacitor” will generally be adopted, for the sole purpose of keeping with consistency.
STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES
This study focuses on key ultracapacitor products and provides data about the size and growth of the ultracapacitor markets, as well as company profiles and industry trends. The goal of this report is to provide a detailed and comprehensive multi-client study of the markets for ultracapacitors in North America, Europe, Japan, China, Korea and the rest of the world (ROW), as well as potential business opportunities in the future. The objectives include thorough coverage of underlying economic issues driving the ultracapacitor business, as well as assessments of new, advanced ultracapacitors that companies are developing. Also covered are legislative pressures for increased safety and environmental protection, as well as users’ expectations for economical ultracapacitors. Another important objective is to provide realistic market data and forecasts for ultracapacitors. This study provides the most thorough and up-to-date assessment that can be found anywhere on the subject. The study also provides extensive quantification of the many important facets of worldwide market development in ultracapacitors. This, in turn, contributes to a determination of what kind of strategic response companies may adopt in order to compete in these dynamic markets.
Ultracapacitor users in developed markets must contend with twin pressures: to innovate and, at the same time, to reduce costs. New applications for ultracapacitors have been proposed in recent years. The popularity of these devices is due to their long cycle life and high power density relative to batteries. In principle, ultracapacitors exhibit unlimited cycle life and maintenance-free operation as an alternative to batteries in power circuits. A new, promising application for ultracapacitors is a pulse-power source in fuel cell and hybrid vehicle applications. The pulse-power source provides the peak power during acceleration and stores regenerative energy during braking.
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
The ultracapacitor market is an attractive and still growing multi-million dollar market characterized by very high production volumes of ultracapacitors that must be both extremely reliable and low in cost. Growth in the ultracapacitor market continues to be driven by increasing demands in fuel-cell and hybrid-vehicle applications, for industrial systems and consumer electronics. Existing products will continue to find new applications, and new products will emerge to improve functionality.
The ultracapacitor industry is complex and fast-moving, with manufacturers increasingly adopting a truly global view of the market. Around the world, consumers are demanding a high power density as well as extremely long cycle life. The energy density of ultracapacitors is small compared with that of batteries. Against this difficult background, manufacturers have attempted to achieve growth through company mergers and acquisitions, and by implementing global strategies.
Ultracapacitors, once a technological novelty, are now mainstream and are showing significant sales volumes. As prices of ultracapacitors drop, better commercial viability and growing dissatisfaction with existing energy-storage solutions are expected to steer customers toward this emerging technology. Mobile applications are a strong area of growth for ultracapacitors, as continuous product enhancements and value-added features such as on-line gaming and Wi-Fi accessibility necessarily require more power. Demand from the industrial sector is also expected to increase. Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) of uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs) and DC power systems are looking at incorporating ultracapacitors as the primary energy-storage solution to boost power reliability.
iRAP conducted a study on ultrascapacitors in 2006. Since then, more new-generation electric and hybrid vehicles have been coming into the market. Therefore, iRAP felt a need for another detailed study in order to better understand both the technology and market dynamics. The report identifies and evaluates automotive electric product markets and technologies with significant potential growth.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
This study provides the most complete accounting of growth in the ultracapacitor market in North America, Europe, Japan, China and the rest of the world currently available in a multi-client format. It provides the most thorough and up-to-date assessment that can be found anywhere on the subject. The study also provides extensive quantification of the many important facets of market developments in emerging markets for stationary, industrial, consumer and transport energy storage. The study has also included new usage of ultracapacitors in automatic power metering, energy harvesting devices for wireless networking, and hard disk drives of notebooks. This quantification, in turn, contributes to the determination of what kind of strategic response suppliers may adopt in order to compete in these dynamic markets. Audiences for this study include marketing executives, business unit managers and other decision makers in ultracapacitor companies as well as in companies peripheral to this business.
SCOPE AND FORMAT
The market data contained in this report quantify opportunities for ultracapacitors. In addition to product types, this report also covers the many issues concerning the merits and future prospects of the ultracapacitor business, including corporate strategies, information technologies, and the means for providing these highly advanced product and service offerings.
The supply chain is of keen interest, focusing on the use of carbon cloth and powder, the need for higher voltages per cell, automation, and lower raw materials prices. The industry has set price targets of $0.01 to $ 0.005 per farad by 2010.
This report also covers in detail the economic and technological issues regarded by many as critical to the industry’s current state of change. It provides a review of the ultracapacitor industry and its structure, and of the many companies involved in providing these products. The competitive positions of the main players in the ultracapacitor market and the strategic options they face are also discussed, along with such competitive factors as marketing, distribution and operations.
TO WHOM THE STUDY CATERS
This study addresses the global market for electric double layer carbon (EDLC) supercapacitors, which uniquely combine the characteristics of extremely high capacitance (in the farad range) in low voltage cells (1.2 to 2.5 Vdc in large quantities).
The study looks at this fledging market – the players, the technical challenges, and technical threats, the activated carbon supply chain, and the end markets in which these devices are consumed. including stationary, industrial, consumer and transport energy storage. It further focuses on coin cells and large can supercapacitors and the rapid growth of large can designs in variable speed drives, and heavy trucks and buses.
Therefore, this study will benefit existing manufacturers of capacitors who seek to expand revenues and market opportunities by expanding to new technology such as ultracapacitors, which are positioned to become a preferred solution for some of the energy storage and power delivery applications. Also, this study will benefit users of ultracapacitors who deal with new power-hungry electronic products such as wireless communications devices, the increasing use of electric power in vehicles, and the growing demand for highly reliable, maintenance-free backup power. These demands are creating significant markets for new and improved energy storage and power delivery solutions. For example, sizing the primary power source to meet transient peak power requirements, rather than average power requirements, is costly and inefficient. Primary energy sources can be designed to be smaller, lighter and less costly if they are coupled with specialized power components, such as ultracapacitors, that can deliver or absorb brief bursts of high power on demand for periods of time ranging from fractions of a second to several minutes.
REPORT SUMMARY
Ultracapacitors and electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) fill an important and otherwise vacant niche in the current set of energy storage devices, bridging the gap between batteries and conventional capacitors. They offer greater energy densities than electrostatic capacitors, making them a better choice for back-up applications. They also possess higher power densities than batteries, allowing them to perform a role in load-leveling of pulsed currents. They can help to improve battery performance when combined in hybrid power sources, or they can provide an efficient and long-lasting means of energy storage when used on their own.
However, the technology does have limitations, and applications requiring a long duration of discharge are probably better suited to batteries. If power requirements are found to be at the border of a battery’s capabilities, a hybrid EDLC/battery configuration may be an optimal solution. Advantage can then be gained from both the power density of the EDLC and the energy storage of the battery. This would seem to be the case in electric vehicles, which require power for acceleration in short bursts. The fast response time of EDLCs also makes them suitable for power-quality applications such as static condensers (STATCONs) and digital video recorders (DVRs). Power can quickly be injected or absorbed to help minimize voltage fluctuations in distribution systems.
The greatest barrier to the widespread use of EDLCs is cost, with only a few manufacturers producing devices by automation. Long-established battery technology is often the cheaper alternative, despite the reduced lifetime costs of double-layer capacitor banks. The technology is still in its infancy, however, and it will no doubt become a more competitive energy storage solution in the future.
Ultracapacitors have to be able to stand up to tough environments. Dirt, humidity, salt, fuel additives, vibrations and severe shocks call for the highest standards. Furthermore, ultracapacitors must be able to endure in temperatures ranging from -40°C to +160°C without significant deviation in accuracy over the entire lifetime of a vehicle, standby equipment, or device.
The GSM phone will require a 200Hz response time to improve the transmit burst in a digital phone system. In these devices, high power is more important than energy density. Therefore, to get the desired frequency response, ultracapacitors will use aqueous electrolytes that provide much lower resistance. To attain these frequencies, carbon electrodes need to be thin, with large pores for rapid ion transport through the material.
By far the highest value target for ultracapacitor technology is the global automobile industry for the 50 to 60 million passenger vehicles that roll off assembly lines around the world each year.
Major findings of this report are:
Ultracapacitor market growth will continue during 2009 to 2014. Worldwide business, over US$275 million in 2009, will continue to grow at an AAGR of 21.4% through 2014.
There are four major markets where ultracapacitors are needed – stationary, industrial, consumer and transport energy storage power management. Each has its own specific requirements.
The transport energy storage market aims to use ultracapacitors as load-leveling devices with batteries in electric and hybrid vehicles. Automotive applications range from hybrid drive trains to power network stabilization to the "electrification" of braking, steering, air conditioning and other subsystems to improve the fuel efficiency and reliability. From 2009 to 2014, transport energy applications, which are mostly automotive applications, will show the highest growth rate.
The stationary energy storage market needs ultracapacitors for short duration applications of energy storage, which are characterized by the need for high power for short periods of time. These include power quality ride-through applications, power stabilization, adjustable speed drive support, temporary support of DR (distributed resources) during load steps, voltage flicker mitigation and many other applications.
Industrial applications need ultracapacitors to improve power quality, specifically using ultracapacitors to handle power surges and short-term power loss.
The consumer electronics and computer market needs small high frequency devices in order to reduce battery size. Typical applications are pagers, personal data assistance devices and cell phones.
INTRODUCTION
Study Goal and Objectives
Reasons for Doing the Study
Contributions of the Study
Scope and Format
Methodology
Information Sources
Whom the Study Caters To
Author’s Credentials
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Summary Table Global Market for Ultracapacitors by Application, 2009 and 2014 ($ Millions)
Summary Figure Illustration of Global Market for Ultracapacitors, by Application, 2009 and 2014 ($ Millions)
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
Industry Overview (continued)
Development of Ultracapacitors
Development of Ultracapacitors (continued)
Development of Ultracapacitors (continued)
Development of Ultracapacitors (continued)
Types and Applications
Types and Applications (continued)
Table 1 Applications and Potential Energy/power Functions of Ultracapacitors
Table 2 Broad Application Areas and Ratings of Ultracapacitors
Market Domain
Table 3 Applications of Ultracapacitors by Market Domain
Stationary Energy Storage
Stationary Substation Battery Replacement
Stationary Substation Battery Replacement (continued)
Substation Battery Replacement for Long Duration Outages
Mitigating Electric Service Voltage Fluctuations Produced by Pulsing Customer Loads
Distributed Generation
Wind Energy Storage
Pitch Systems of Windmills
Solar Power
Industrial Energy Storage
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
oem Equipment
oem Equipment Retrofits
Telecommunications
Electric Fork Trucks
Table 4 Battery Cost V/S Ultracapacitor Cost Comparison in Class-1 Lift Truck
Rubber-tire Gantry Cranes
Figure 1 Application of Ultracapacitors-explanation of Typical Load Cycle of Rubber-tired Gantry Crane
Consumer Electronics Energy Storage
Consumer Electronics Energy Storage (continued)
Consumer Electronics Energy Storage (continued)
Computer Solid State Drives (SSDS)
Mobile Phone Camera Flash and Power Management
Mobile Phone Camera Flash and Power Management (continued)
Automotive Meter Reading
Other Consumer Applications
Toys
Home Appliances (small UPS)
Backup Power
Office Equipment
Energy Harvesting for Wireless Sensor Networking (WSN)
Case Study
Case Study (continued)
Figure 2 Application of Ultracapacitors in Vibrational Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensors Network Module
Transport Energy Storage
Distributed Power
Power Actuators
Market Segments
Storage of Regenerated Braking Energy in Hevs, Phevs and Evs
Auto Engine Cranking (cold Cranking of Diesel Engines
Power Backup for Electromechanical Brakes of Hybrid Passenger Cars
Capture of Regenerated Braking Energy in Heavy Duty Trucks, Transit Buses and Delivery Vans
Capture of Regenerated Braking (continued)
Capture of Regenerated Braking Energy in Electric Trains/Trams
Boardnet Stabilization, 42v Distributed Power Modules in High-end Cars
Distributed Power Application – Power Steering
Power-steering Profile
Other Possible Automotive Uses of Ultracapacitors
Integrated Starting Alternators
Integration With Fuel Cells
Integration With Battery-hybrid Battery/ultracapacitor Combination
Figure 3 Functioning of an Ultracapacitor Used With a Battery
Integration With Battery-hybrid Battery/ultracapacitor Combination (continued)
Figure 4 Functioning of an Ultracapacitor, Battery and Buck-boost Converter in Regenerating Braking Energy in Transport Systems
Integration With Battery-hybrid Battery/ultracapacitor Combination (continued)
Table 5 Target Performance Specifications of Ultracapacitors – doe Guidelines
Figure 5 Illustration of Ultracapacitors Used in a 42V System to Meet Specifications in Passenger Cars
LITHIUM BATTERIES AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO ULTRACAPACITORS – COST AND BUSINESS ISSUES
Cost Issue
Cost of Materials
Table 6 Price Structure of Large-format Ultracapacitors
Cost Comparison
Challenge From Lithium-ion Batteries
Table 7 Comparison of Ultracapacitors With Li-ion Batteries
MARKET SIZE AND SHARE
Table 8 Summary of Global Market Size and Percentage Share for Ultracapacitors by Application, 2009 and 2014
Figure 6 Summary of Global Market for Ultracapacitors by Application, 2009 and 2014
Stationary Energy Storage
Table 9 Global Market Size/percentage Share for Ultracapacitors, by Category of Stationary Applications
Industrial Energy Storage
Table 10 Global Market Size/percentage Share for Ultracapacitors, by Category of Indutrial Energy Storage Applications
Consumer Electronics Energy Storage
Table 11 Global Market Size/percentage Share for Ultracapacitors, by Category of Application in Consumer Electronics
Transport Energy Storage
Table 12 Global Market Size/percentage Share for Ultracapacitors, by Category of Application in Transport Energy Storage, 2009 and 2014 ($ Millions)
key Points in Transport Energy Storage
Areas for Potential Growth in Transport Energy Storage
Hybrid Transit Buses, Postal Vans, Urban Shuttles and Delivery Vans
Hybrid Cars
Market Size by Region
Table 13 Global Market Size/percentage Share for Ultracapacitors by Region, 2009 and 2014
Figure 7 Regional Percentages of Market Share for Ultracapacitors, 2009 and 2014
Market Size by Ultracapacitor Form Factor
Table 14 Global Market Size/percentage Share for Ultracapacitors by Size, 2009 and 2014
Figure 8 Global Market Size/percentage Share for Ultracapacitors by Size, 2009 and 2014
Market Size by Technology
Table 15 Global Market Size/percentage Share for Ultracapacitors by Technology, 2009 and 2014
Figure 9 Global Market Size/percentage Share for Ultracapacitors by Technology, 2009 and 2014
ULTRACAPACITOR TECHNOLOGIES AND PRODUCTS
Definitions
Definitions (continued)
Definitions (continued)
Basic Aspects of Ultracapacitor Technology
Basic Aspects of Ultracapacitor Technology (continued)
Basic Aspects of Ultracapacitor Technology (continued)
Ultracapacitors VS. Lithium-ion Batteries
Ultracapacitors VS. Capacitors
Table 16 Comparison of Ultracapacitor and Battery Characteristics
Operation of a Typical Symmetric Edlc (pure Edlc Using Aqueous Electric Double-layer Capacitor)
Current Materials for Ultracapacitors
Current Materials for Ultracapacitors (continued)
Table 17 Current Materials Used in Edlcs by Technology, 2009
Table 17 Current Materials Used in Edlcs by Technology, 2009 (continued)
Table 17 Current Materials Used in Edlcs by Technology, 2009 (continued)
Table 17 Current Materials Used in Edlcs by Technology, 2009 (continued)
Table 17 Current Materials Used in Edlcs by Technology, 2009 (continued)
Emerging Materials: Carbon Nanotube Ultracapacitors
Emerging Materials: Carbon Nanotube Ultracapacitors (continued)
Table 18 Emerging Materials Used in Edlcs
Sizing of Ultracapacitors
Figure 10 Internal Construction of Cylindrical Ultracapacitor Single Cells
Figure 11 Electrodes, Separators and Electrolytes Interaction in a Cylindrical Ultracapacitor
Sizing According to Power
Format 2-low Voltage (less Than 10V)
Figure 12 Different Form Factors of Commercial Ultracapacitors
Format 3-high Voltage (more Than 10V)
Format 4
Sizing According to Shapes
Compact Type
Table 19 Typical Sizes of Compact Ultracapacitor Cells
Coin Type
Table 20 Typical Sizes of Coin Ultracapacitor Cells
Large-size Module
Ultracapacitors in Series
Format 1 – Large Format Bank
Figure 13 Ultracapacitor Cells in Series to Form a Module
Modular Configurations
Table 21 Typical Sizes of Large-size Modules of Ultracapacitor Cells
Qualifications and Standards for Ultracapacitors
Qualifications & Standards for Ultracapacitors (continued)
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
Table 22 Ultracapacitor Product Line Reference, 2009
Table 22 Ultracapacitor Product Line Reference, 2009 (continued)
Table 23 Ultracapacitors-related Parts Suppliers, Manufacturers, System Integrators Product Line Reference
Table 23 Ultracapacitors-related Parts Suppliers, Manufacturers, System Integrators Product Line Reference (continued)
Table 23 Ultracapacitors-related Parts Suppliers, Manufacturers, System Integrators Product Line Reference (continued)
raw Material Suppliers
Market Dynamics
Competition and Market Trends
Alliances
Table 24 Acquisitions and Mergers of Companies Manufacturing Ultracapacitors, 2004 to April 2009
Ranking of Market Players
Table 25 top Manufacturers of Ultracapacitors for Transport Energy Storage in 2009
PATENTS AND PATENT ANALYSIS
List of Patents
US Patents
Power Supply
wet Electrolytic Capacitor
Electrode for Electric Double-layer Capacitors Manufacturing Method, Electric Double-layer Capacitor and Conductive Adhesive
Current Collector for an Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Electrode and Current Collector for Electrochemical Capacitor
wet Electrolytic Capacitors
Electric Double-layer Capacitor and Electrolytic Solution Therefor
Method of Making, Apparatus, and Article of Manufacturing for an Electrode Termination Contact Interface
Electric Double-layer Capacitor, Control Method Thereof, and Energy Storage System Using the Same
Electric Double-layer Capacitor (EDLC), Electric Energy Storage Device Including the Same, and Production Method for EDLC
Method for Selecting Electrolytic Solution for Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Electrolytic Solution for Electric Double-layer Capacitor and Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Process of Producing Activated Carbon for Electrode of Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Method of Making a Multi-electrode Double-layer Capacitor Having Hermetic Electrolyte SSEAL
Double-layer Capacitor
Electric Double-layer Capacitor Utilizing a Multi-layer Electrode Structure and Method for Manufacturing the Same
Electric Double-layer Capacitor, its Manufacturing Method, and Electronic Device Using Same
Electric Double-layer Capacitor and Electrolytic Solution Therefor
Energy Storage System
Densification of Compressible Layers During Electrode Lamination
Charge Storage Device
Composition for Polyelectrolytes, Edlc and Nonaqueous Electrolyte Secondary Cells
Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Pretreated Porous Electrode
Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Electrolyte for an Energy Storage Device
High-power Ultracapacitor Energy Storage Ppack and Method of Use
Rapid Charger for Ultracapacitors
Capacitor With Battery Form Factor Housing
Method of Making Polarizable Electrode for Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Ionic Liquids, Electrolyte Salts for Storage Device, Electrolytic Solution for Storage Device, Edlc and Secondary Battery
Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Low-profile Electrolytic Capacitor Assembly
Carbon Material and Method of Making Same
Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Carbon Material for Electric Double-layer Capacitor Electrodes
Electric Double-layer Capacitor and Electrolytic Cell
Production Method for Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Enhanced Breakdown Voltage Electrode
Electric Double-layer Capacitor and Electrolyte Solution Therefor
Method for Preparing Composite Flexible Graphite Material
Electrode Design
Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Method for Producing Activated Carbon for Electrode of Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Electrode for Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Composite Electrode and Current Collectors and Processes for Making the Same
Thermal Interconnection for Capacitor Systems
Battery Pack
Electric Double-layer Ccapacitor
Capacitor Startup Apparatus and Method With Fail-safe Short Circuit Protection
Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Roll Container With Presser Plates
Ionic Liquid, Method of Dehydration, Electrical Double-layer Capacitor, and Secondary Battery
Granules for Formation of an Electrode of an EDLC, Manufacturing Method, Electrode Sheet, Polarized Electrode, and EDLC Using a Polarized Electrode
System and Method for Precharging and Discharging a High-power Ultracapacitor Pack
High-power Ultracapacitor Energy Storage Pack and Method of Use
Polarizing Electrode for EDLC
Nonaqueous Electrolyte, EDLC and Nonaqueous Electrolyte Secondary Cells
Pretreated Porous Electrode and Method for Manufacturing Same
Method of Removing Residual Active Oxy-hydrogens
Multi-electrode Double-layer Capacitor Having Hermetic Electrolyte Seal
Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Electrode for Electric Double-layer Capacitor, and Slurry for Forming the Same
Process for Production of Electrode for EDLC
EDLC With Improved Activated Carbon Electrodes
Activated Carbon for use in Electric Double-layer Capacitors
Composite Electrode and Method for Fabricating Same
Method of Making a Multi-electrode Double-layer Capacitor Having Hermetic Electrolyte Seal
Polymer gel Electrolyte, Secondary Cell, and Electrical Double-layer Capacitor
Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Carbonized Product Used for Production of Activated Carbon for Electrode of Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Proton-conducting Electric Double-layer Capacitor Using Electrolytic Solution
EDLC, Electrolyte Battery and Method for Manufacturing the Same
Method of Making Sheet Electrode for EDLC and Roller Rolling Machine Sui Table for use Therein
Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Process for Producing Carbonized Product Used for Producing Activated Carbon for Electrode of EDLC, and Organic Material for Carbonized Product
Polarizing Electrode for EDLC
Supercapacitor Having Electrode Material Comprising Single-wall Carbon Nanotubes and Process for Making the Same
Polarizable Electrode for Electric Double-layer Capacitor, Process for Producing the Polarizable Electrode and Process for Producing the Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Electric Double-layer Capacitor and Electrolyte Battery
Electric Double-layer Capacitor, Electrolytic Cell and Process for Fabricating Same
Polarizable Electrode for Electric Double-layer Capacitor and Methods for Producing Polarizable Electrode and Capacitor
Electrode for Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Manufacturing Method of Polarizing Property Electrode for Electric Double-layer Capacitor, and Manufacturing Method of Electrode Sheet for Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Polarizable Electrode for Electric Double-layer Capacitor and Methods for Producing Polarizable Electrode and Capacitor
Metal Collector Foil for Electric Double-layer Capacitor, and EDLC Using the Same
Electrochemical Device Comprising a Pair of Electrodes and an Electrolyte
Patent Analysis
Table 26 Number of us Patents Granted to Companies in the Ultracapacitor (EDLC) Design Category From 2005 Through January 2009
Figure 14 Number of us Patents Granted to top Companies in the Ultracapacitor (EDLC) Design Category From 2005 Through January 2009
International Overview of U.s. Patent Activity in Ultracapacitors
Table 27 Number of us Patents Granted for Ultracapacitors by Assigned Country/region From January 2005 Through January 2009
International Overview of U.s. Patent Activity in Ultracapacitors
COMPANY PROFILES
ADVANCED CAPACITOR TECHNOLOGIES (ACT JAPAN)
ADA TECHNOLOGIES, INC
ANGLIA COMPONENTS
APOWERCAP TECHNOLOGIES (APCT)
ARROW ELECTRONICS (UK), LTD.
ASC CAPACITORS
AXION POWER
BATSCAP
CAP-XX PTY LTD
ELIT CO.
ELNA CO., LTD.
ESMA
EVANS CAPACITOR COMPANY
FUJI HEAVY INDUSTRIES
GO NANO
HITACHI AIC
IOXUS, INC.
JM ENERGY CORP.
KANTHAL GLOBAR
KILOFARAD INTERNATIONAL
KOLD BAN INTERNATIONAL
LS MTRON LTD.
MAXWELL TECHNOLOGIES
MIT LAB FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS (LEES)
MEIDENSHA CORPORATION
NANOTECTURE LTD.
NESSCAP CO., LTD.
NISSHINBO INDUSTRIES, INC.
NUINTEK
PANASONIC EV ENERGY CO., LTD.
POWER SYSTEMS CO., LTD.
RUBYCON JAPAN
SHANGHAI AOWEI TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO. LTD.
SHIZUKI
SINAUTEC AUTOMOBILE TECHNOLOGIES LLC (AUTHOR, FIX THIS.)
SMART STORAGE PTY LTD
TARTU TECHNOGIAD OU
TAVRIMA CANADA
TECATE GROUP
TECHINVEST
UBE INDUSTRIES
ULTRACAP TECHNOLOGIES CORP.
UNITED CHEMI-CON
VINATECH KOREA
WIMA
Study Goal and Objectives
Reasons for Doing the Study
Contributions of the Study
Scope and Format
Methodology
Information Sources
Whom the Study Caters To
Author’s Credentials
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Summary Table Global Market for Ultracapacitors by Application, 2009 and 2014 ($ Millions)
Summary Figure Illustration of Global Market for Ultracapacitors, by Application, 2009 and 2014 ($ Millions)
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
Industry Overview (continued)
Development of Ultracapacitors
Development of Ultracapacitors (continued)
Development of Ultracapacitors (continued)
Development of Ultracapacitors (continued)
Types and Applications
Types and Applications (continued)
Table 1 Applications and Potential Energy/power Functions of Ultracapacitors
Table 2 Broad Application Areas and Ratings of Ultracapacitors
Market Domain
Table 3 Applications of Ultracapacitors by Market Domain
Stationary Energy Storage
Stationary Substation Battery Replacement
Stationary Substation Battery Replacement (continued)
Substation Battery Replacement for Long Duration Outages
Mitigating Electric Service Voltage Fluctuations Produced by Pulsing Customer Loads
Distributed Generation
Wind Energy Storage
Pitch Systems of Windmills
Solar Power
Industrial Energy Storage
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
oem Equipment
oem Equipment Retrofits
Telecommunications
Electric Fork Trucks
Table 4 Battery Cost V/S Ultracapacitor Cost Comparison in Class-1 Lift Truck
Rubber-tire Gantry Cranes
Figure 1 Application of Ultracapacitors-explanation of Typical Load Cycle of Rubber-tired Gantry Crane
Consumer Electronics Energy Storage
Consumer Electronics Energy Storage (continued)
Consumer Electronics Energy Storage (continued)
Computer Solid State Drives (SSDS)
Mobile Phone Camera Flash and Power Management
Mobile Phone Camera Flash and Power Management (continued)
Automotive Meter Reading
Other Consumer Applications
Toys
Home Appliances (small UPS)
Backup Power
Office Equipment
Energy Harvesting for Wireless Sensor Networking (WSN)
Case Study
Case Study (continued)
Figure 2 Application of Ultracapacitors in Vibrational Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensors Network Module
Transport Energy Storage
Distributed Power
Power Actuators
Market Segments
Storage of Regenerated Braking Energy in Hevs, Phevs and Evs
Auto Engine Cranking (cold Cranking of Diesel Engines
Power Backup for Electromechanical Brakes of Hybrid Passenger Cars
Capture of Regenerated Braking Energy in Heavy Duty Trucks, Transit Buses and Delivery Vans
Capture of Regenerated Braking (continued)
Capture of Regenerated Braking Energy in Electric Trains/Trams
Boardnet Stabilization, 42v Distributed Power Modules in High-end Cars
Distributed Power Application – Power Steering
Power-steering Profile
Other Possible Automotive Uses of Ultracapacitors
Integrated Starting Alternators
Integration With Fuel Cells
Integration With Battery-hybrid Battery/ultracapacitor Combination
Figure 3 Functioning of an Ultracapacitor Used With a Battery
Integration With Battery-hybrid Battery/ultracapacitor Combination (continued)
Figure 4 Functioning of an Ultracapacitor, Battery and Buck-boost Converter in Regenerating Braking Energy in Transport Systems
Integration With Battery-hybrid Battery/ultracapacitor Combination (continued)
Table 5 Target Performance Specifications of Ultracapacitors – doe Guidelines
Figure 5 Illustration of Ultracapacitors Used in a 42V System to Meet Specifications in Passenger Cars
LITHIUM BATTERIES AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO ULTRACAPACITORS – COST AND BUSINESS ISSUES
Cost Issue
Cost of Materials
Table 6 Price Structure of Large-format Ultracapacitors
Cost Comparison
Challenge From Lithium-ion Batteries
Table 7 Comparison of Ultracapacitors With Li-ion Batteries
MARKET SIZE AND SHARE
Table 8 Summary of Global Market Size and Percentage Share for Ultracapacitors by Application, 2009 and 2014
Figure 6 Summary of Global Market for Ultracapacitors by Application, 2009 and 2014
Stationary Energy Storage
Table 9 Global Market Size/percentage Share for Ultracapacitors, by Category of Stationary Applications
Industrial Energy Storage
Table 10 Global Market Size/percentage Share for Ultracapacitors, by Category of Indutrial Energy Storage Applications
Consumer Electronics Energy Storage
Table 11 Global Market Size/percentage Share for Ultracapacitors, by Category of Application in Consumer Electronics
Transport Energy Storage
Table 12 Global Market Size/percentage Share for Ultracapacitors, by Category of Application in Transport Energy Storage, 2009 and 2014 ($ Millions)
key Points in Transport Energy Storage
Areas for Potential Growth in Transport Energy Storage
Hybrid Transit Buses, Postal Vans, Urban Shuttles and Delivery Vans
Hybrid Cars
Market Size by Region
Table 13 Global Market Size/percentage Share for Ultracapacitors by Region, 2009 and 2014
Figure 7 Regional Percentages of Market Share for Ultracapacitors, 2009 and 2014
Market Size by Ultracapacitor Form Factor
Table 14 Global Market Size/percentage Share for Ultracapacitors by Size, 2009 and 2014
Figure 8 Global Market Size/percentage Share for Ultracapacitors by Size, 2009 and 2014
Market Size by Technology
Table 15 Global Market Size/percentage Share for Ultracapacitors by Technology, 2009 and 2014
Figure 9 Global Market Size/percentage Share for Ultracapacitors by Technology, 2009 and 2014
ULTRACAPACITOR TECHNOLOGIES AND PRODUCTS
Definitions
Definitions (continued)
Definitions (continued)
Basic Aspects of Ultracapacitor Technology
Basic Aspects of Ultracapacitor Technology (continued)
Basic Aspects of Ultracapacitor Technology (continued)
Ultracapacitors VS. Lithium-ion Batteries
Ultracapacitors VS. Capacitors
Table 16 Comparison of Ultracapacitor and Battery Characteristics
Operation of a Typical Symmetric Edlc (pure Edlc Using Aqueous Electric Double-layer Capacitor)
Current Materials for Ultracapacitors
Current Materials for Ultracapacitors (continued)
Table 17 Current Materials Used in Edlcs by Technology, 2009
Table 17 Current Materials Used in Edlcs by Technology, 2009 (continued)
Table 17 Current Materials Used in Edlcs by Technology, 2009 (continued)
Table 17 Current Materials Used in Edlcs by Technology, 2009 (continued)
Table 17 Current Materials Used in Edlcs by Technology, 2009 (continued)
Emerging Materials: Carbon Nanotube Ultracapacitors
Emerging Materials: Carbon Nanotube Ultracapacitors (continued)
Table 18 Emerging Materials Used in Edlcs
Sizing of Ultracapacitors
Figure 10 Internal Construction of Cylindrical Ultracapacitor Single Cells
Figure 11 Electrodes, Separators and Electrolytes Interaction in a Cylindrical Ultracapacitor
Sizing According to Power
Format 2-low Voltage (less Than 10V)
Figure 12 Different Form Factors of Commercial Ultracapacitors
Format 3-high Voltage (more Than 10V)
Format 4
Sizing According to Shapes
Compact Type
Table 19 Typical Sizes of Compact Ultracapacitor Cells
Coin Type
Table 20 Typical Sizes of Coin Ultracapacitor Cells
Large-size Module
Ultracapacitors in Series
Format 1 – Large Format Bank
Figure 13 Ultracapacitor Cells in Series to Form a Module
Modular Configurations
Table 21 Typical Sizes of Large-size Modules of Ultracapacitor Cells
Qualifications and Standards for Ultracapacitors
Qualifications & Standards for Ultracapacitors (continued)
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
Table 22 Ultracapacitor Product Line Reference, 2009
Table 22 Ultracapacitor Product Line Reference, 2009 (continued)
Table 23 Ultracapacitors-related Parts Suppliers, Manufacturers, System Integrators Product Line Reference
Table 23 Ultracapacitors-related Parts Suppliers, Manufacturers, System Integrators Product Line Reference (continued)
Table 23 Ultracapacitors-related Parts Suppliers, Manufacturers, System Integrators Product Line Reference (continued)
raw Material Suppliers
Market Dynamics
Competition and Market Trends
Alliances
Table 24 Acquisitions and Mergers of Companies Manufacturing Ultracapacitors, 2004 to April 2009
Ranking of Market Players
Table 25 top Manufacturers of Ultracapacitors for Transport Energy Storage in 2009
PATENTS AND PATENT ANALYSIS
List of Patents
US Patents
Power Supply
wet Electrolytic Capacitor
Electrode for Electric Double-layer Capacitors Manufacturing Method, Electric Double-layer Capacitor and Conductive Adhesive
Current Collector for an Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Electrode and Current Collector for Electrochemical Capacitor
wet Electrolytic Capacitors
Electric Double-layer Capacitor and Electrolytic Solution Therefor
Method of Making, Apparatus, and Article of Manufacturing for an Electrode Termination Contact Interface
Electric Double-layer Capacitor, Control Method Thereof, and Energy Storage System Using the Same
Electric Double-layer Capacitor (EDLC), Electric Energy Storage Device Including the Same, and Production Method for EDLC
Method for Selecting Electrolytic Solution for Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Electrolytic Solution for Electric Double-layer Capacitor and Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Process of Producing Activated Carbon for Electrode of Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Method of Making a Multi-electrode Double-layer Capacitor Having Hermetic Electrolyte SSEAL
Double-layer Capacitor
Electric Double-layer Capacitor Utilizing a Multi-layer Electrode Structure and Method for Manufacturing the Same
Electric Double-layer Capacitor, its Manufacturing Method, and Electronic Device Using Same
Electric Double-layer Capacitor and Electrolytic Solution Therefor
Energy Storage System
Densification of Compressible Layers During Electrode Lamination
Charge Storage Device
Composition for Polyelectrolytes, Edlc and Nonaqueous Electrolyte Secondary Cells
Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Pretreated Porous Electrode
Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Electrolyte for an Energy Storage Device
High-power Ultracapacitor Energy Storage Ppack and Method of Use
Rapid Charger for Ultracapacitors
Capacitor With Battery Form Factor Housing
Method of Making Polarizable Electrode for Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Ionic Liquids, Electrolyte Salts for Storage Device, Electrolytic Solution for Storage Device, Edlc and Secondary Battery
Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Low-profile Electrolytic Capacitor Assembly
Carbon Material and Method of Making Same
Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Carbon Material for Electric Double-layer Capacitor Electrodes
Electric Double-layer Capacitor and Electrolytic Cell
Production Method for Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Enhanced Breakdown Voltage Electrode
Electric Double-layer Capacitor and Electrolyte Solution Therefor
Method for Preparing Composite Flexible Graphite Material
Electrode Design
Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Method for Producing Activated Carbon for Electrode of Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Electrode for Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Composite Electrode and Current Collectors and Processes for Making the Same
Thermal Interconnection for Capacitor Systems
Battery Pack
Electric Double-layer Ccapacitor
Capacitor Startup Apparatus and Method With Fail-safe Short Circuit Protection
Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Roll Container With Presser Plates
Ionic Liquid, Method of Dehydration, Electrical Double-layer Capacitor, and Secondary Battery
Granules for Formation of an Electrode of an EDLC, Manufacturing Method, Electrode Sheet, Polarized Electrode, and EDLC Using a Polarized Electrode
System and Method for Precharging and Discharging a High-power Ultracapacitor Pack
High-power Ultracapacitor Energy Storage Pack and Method of Use
Polarizing Electrode for EDLC
Nonaqueous Electrolyte, EDLC and Nonaqueous Electrolyte Secondary Cells
Pretreated Porous Electrode and Method for Manufacturing Same
Method of Removing Residual Active Oxy-hydrogens
Multi-electrode Double-layer Capacitor Having Hermetic Electrolyte Seal
Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Electrode for Electric Double-layer Capacitor, and Slurry for Forming the Same
Process for Production of Electrode for EDLC
EDLC With Improved Activated Carbon Electrodes
Activated Carbon for use in Electric Double-layer Capacitors
Composite Electrode and Method for Fabricating Same
Method of Making a Multi-electrode Double-layer Capacitor Having Hermetic Electrolyte Seal
Polymer gel Electrolyte, Secondary Cell, and Electrical Double-layer Capacitor
Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Carbonized Product Used for Production of Activated Carbon for Electrode of Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Proton-conducting Electric Double-layer Capacitor Using Electrolytic Solution
EDLC, Electrolyte Battery and Method for Manufacturing the Same
Method of Making Sheet Electrode for EDLC and Roller Rolling Machine Sui Table for use Therein
Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Process for Producing Carbonized Product Used for Producing Activated Carbon for Electrode of EDLC, and Organic Material for Carbonized Product
Polarizing Electrode for EDLC
Supercapacitor Having Electrode Material Comprising Single-wall Carbon Nanotubes and Process for Making the Same
Polarizable Electrode for Electric Double-layer Capacitor, Process for Producing the Polarizable Electrode and Process for Producing the Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Electric Double-layer Capacitor and Electrolyte Battery
Electric Double-layer Capacitor, Electrolytic Cell and Process for Fabricating Same
Polarizable Electrode for Electric Double-layer Capacitor and Methods for Producing Polarizable Electrode and Capacitor
Electrode for Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Manufacturing Method of Polarizing Property Electrode for Electric Double-layer Capacitor, and Manufacturing Method of Electrode Sheet for Electric Double-layer Capacitor
Polarizable Electrode for Electric Double-layer Capacitor and Methods for Producing Polarizable Electrode and Capacitor
Metal Collector Foil for Electric Double-layer Capacitor, and EDLC Using the Same
Electrochemical Device Comprising a Pair of Electrodes and an Electrolyte
Patent Analysis
Table 26 Number of us Patents Granted to Companies in the Ultracapacitor (EDLC) Design Category From 2005 Through January 2009
Figure 14 Number of us Patents Granted to top Companies in the Ultracapacitor (EDLC) Design Category From 2005 Through January 2009
International Overview of U.s. Patent Activity in Ultracapacitors
Table 27 Number of us Patents Granted for Ultracapacitors by Assigned Country/region From January 2005 Through January 2009
International Overview of U.s. Patent Activity in Ultracapacitors
COMPANY PROFILES
ADVANCED CAPACITOR TECHNOLOGIES (ACT JAPAN)
ADA TECHNOLOGIES, INC
ANGLIA COMPONENTS
APOWERCAP TECHNOLOGIES (APCT)
ARROW ELECTRONICS (UK), LTD.
ASC CAPACITORS
AXION POWER
BATSCAP
CAP-XX PTY LTD
ELIT CO.
ELNA CO., LTD.
ESMA
EVANS CAPACITOR COMPANY
FUJI HEAVY INDUSTRIES
GO NANO
HITACHI AIC
IOXUS, INC.
JM ENERGY CORP.
KANTHAL GLOBAR
KILOFARAD INTERNATIONAL
KOLD BAN INTERNATIONAL
LS MTRON LTD.
MAXWELL TECHNOLOGIES
MIT LAB FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS (LEES)
MEIDENSHA CORPORATION
NANOTECTURE LTD.
NESSCAP CO., LTD.
NISSHINBO INDUSTRIES, INC.
NUINTEK
PANASONIC EV ENERGY CO., LTD.
POWER SYSTEMS CO., LTD.
RUBYCON JAPAN
SHANGHAI AOWEI TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO. LTD.
SHIZUKI
SINAUTEC AUTOMOBILE TECHNOLOGIES LLC (AUTHOR, FIX THIS.)
SMART STORAGE PTY LTD
TARTU TECHNOGIAD OU
TAVRIMA CANADA
TECATE GROUP
TECHINVEST
UBE INDUSTRIES
ULTRACAP TECHNOLOGIES CORP.
UNITED CHEMI-CON
VINATECH KOREA
WIMA