The International Market For Brand Protection Solutions - Electronic Equipment & Components
Vandagraf International has been researching and publishing a series of reports on ‘Brand Protection Solutions’. Each report focuses on specific vertical markets.
The Electronics Equipment & Components industry embraces a broad range of dissimilar product categories:
All such products should conform to stringent safety standards, but counterfeit versions rarely do.
There are increasing numbers with high-tech goods that are being counterfeited. Counterfeiting of electronics components and also all kinds of electronic products is today widespread and has become a major problem for the industry.
There have been many instances of severe safety failures resulting in injury and even death because of counterfeit components in Electronic Equipment & Components. In addition the failure of individual components can lead to knock-on failures in major systems or infrastructure.
Global financial losses due to counterfeiting and other product related crime relating to Electronic Parts and Components in 2008 have been estimated at $104.7 billion with electronic parts and components accounting for some $29.5 billion and finished products a further $75.2 billion.
This report identifies vulnerable products categories and identifies niche opportunities for brand protection solutions. The report also describes the different approaches to brand protection that are available to companies and organisations operating in these sectors.
Many electronics hardware manufacturing companies have been relocating to Asia-Pacific over the past ten to twenty years. Today brand owner manufacturers of components through to finished electronic goods rely on intricate networks of sub-assembly manufacturers.
Since many electronic components find their way into the hands of ‘wholesalers’ – who sell individual parts, and / or sub-assemblies on to the major brand owners - there is an ever present danger that counterfeit electronic components can enter the supply chain system.
The Internet provides counterfeiters with a low cost means of promoting and selling their wares, while also offering a relatively safe ‘smoke screen’ between the supplier and the customer which means that the counterfeiter can usually avoid being apprehended.
Leading brand owner companies in the Electronic Equipment & Components sectors are taking increasingly seriously the cost and even more importantly the dangers of product related crime.
An overview of problems and key drivers, together with descriptions of appropriate solutions, including actual case studies are included. The case for 1st, 2nd and / or 3rd level brand protection technologies is examined.
Various types of brand protection device have been employed to protect different product categories from electronic components through to consumer electronic / electrical products sold at retail.
Requirements and hence optimal solutions clearly differ substantially – These aspects are explored in this report and in some cases illustrated with actual Case Studies.
The Electronics Equipment & Components industry embraces a broad range of dissimilar product categories:
- Key building blocks in the electronics industry including ICs, PCBs / PCAs, capacitors, transistors, resistors and the like.
- Electronic equipment / electrical engineering components used in electrical power generation / transmission / distribution and consumption, manufacturing, construction and other industries
- Consumer electronic / electrical products sold at retail and through other routes to market, including internet sales. Computers (PCs and peripherals). Mobile telephones and accessories. Household electronic / electrical, appliances for cooking and cleaning, lighting and heating. Electronic / electrical personal care devices including women’s hair straightening / curling tongs, men’s electric shavers, electric toothbrushes and the like. Domestic entertainment equipment / consumer electronics (incl. iPods, electronic games, TVs and radios, video / audio and multi-media equipment). Power tools.
All such products should conform to stringent safety standards, but counterfeit versions rarely do.
There are increasing numbers with high-tech goods that are being counterfeited. Counterfeiting of electronics components and also all kinds of electronic products is today widespread and has become a major problem for the industry.
There have been many instances of severe safety failures resulting in injury and even death because of counterfeit components in Electronic Equipment & Components. In addition the failure of individual components can lead to knock-on failures in major systems or infrastructure.
Global financial losses due to counterfeiting and other product related crime relating to Electronic Parts and Components in 2008 have been estimated at $104.7 billion with electronic parts and components accounting for some $29.5 billion and finished products a further $75.2 billion.
This report identifies vulnerable products categories and identifies niche opportunities for brand protection solutions. The report also describes the different approaches to brand protection that are available to companies and organisations operating in these sectors.
Many electronics hardware manufacturing companies have been relocating to Asia-Pacific over the past ten to twenty years. Today brand owner manufacturers of components through to finished electronic goods rely on intricate networks of sub-assembly manufacturers.
Since many electronic components find their way into the hands of ‘wholesalers’ – who sell individual parts, and / or sub-assemblies on to the major brand owners - there is an ever present danger that counterfeit electronic components can enter the supply chain system.
The Internet provides counterfeiters with a low cost means of promoting and selling their wares, while also offering a relatively safe ‘smoke screen’ between the supplier and the customer which means that the counterfeiter can usually avoid being apprehended.
Leading brand owner companies in the Electronic Equipment & Components sectors are taking increasingly seriously the cost and even more importantly the dangers of product related crime.
An overview of problems and key drivers, together with descriptions of appropriate solutions, including actual case studies are included. The case for 1st, 2nd and / or 3rd level brand protection technologies is examined.
Various types of brand protection device have been employed to protect different product categories from electronic components through to consumer electronic / electrical products sold at retail.
Requirements and hence optimal solutions clearly differ substantially – These aspects are explored in this report and in some cases illustrated with actual Case Studies.
FORWARD
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Background
Electronic Components
Batteries
Computer equipment, components and accessories
Mobile Telephones and accessories (excl. Batteries)
Other Electronic Equipment – An Overview of Other Product Types affected by Counterfeiting
Security Features and Brand Protection Systems – Labelling & Packaging Applications - Electronic Equipment & Components
Financial Losses
1. OVERVIEW – ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT & COMPONENTS
1.1 Table Security risks - Product related through the supply chain in Electronics Equipment & Components
1.2 Table Countermeasures – Appropriate to product related crime in Electronics Equipment & Components
1.3 Structural Shifts in the World Electronics Industry have been a Key Driver of Counterfeiting in the Sector
1.3.1 Regional Trends - Electronic parts and components.
1.3.2 OEM global strategies
1.3.3 Counterfeiting is a major problem in the Electronics Sector
1.3.4 Ways that Counterfeiters operate in the Electronics Sector
1.3.5 Geographical Trends in Counterfeiting of Electronics
1.3.6 The dynamics of Chinese counterfeiting operations - Electronic parts and components
1.3.7 Selling Counterfeit Electronic Goods by means of the Internet
1.3.8 The Next 10 Years – Trends in Global Manufacturing – Electronic Equipment and Components
2. ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
2.1 Market Overview – Electronic Components
2.2 Product Related Crime – Electronic Components
2.2.1 Leading problem area for Counterfeit Electronic Components - Low cost, relatively simple ‘generic’ components
2.2.2 Case Study – Counterfeit LM4051 Voltage References
2.2.3 Case Study – Counterfeit Audio Power Transistors
2.2.4 The Nature of IP Violation in the Electronic Components Business
2.2.5 Types of IP Violation and Counterfeiting – Electronic Components
2.2.6 Types of problems arising from IP Violations – Electronic Components
2.2.7 ICs versus PCBs – Vulnerability to Counterfeiting
2.2.8 Case Study – Counterfeit ICs (Integrated Circuits) – Some Recent Findings by Semiconductor Insights (SI)
2.2.9 US Customs and Border Protection service seizures in 2008 and a joint operation with the European Union
2.2.10 Counterfeit Electronics in the United Kingdom – A Summary of the Situation
2.2.11 The US and the EU crack down on counterfeit electronic components
2.3 Brand Protection – Electronic Components
2.3.1 Organisational and Management Steps towards assuring the security of their supply chains for electronic parts and components.
2.3.2 Electronic Components - Product Packaging can help to mitigate overall Risk
2.3.3 Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) versus Integrated Circuits (ICs)
2.3.4 Case Study - Security Labelling Requirements for Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)
2.3.5 Labelling requirements – Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)
2.3.6 RFID chips mounted on PCBs / PCAs – A Solution from Silica / Avnet Inc. that improves visibility in manufacturing and can also provide enhanced brand protection
2.3.7 High performance self-adhesive tapes for assembling components in the electronics industry can incorporate security features - tesa-scribos
2.3.8 Several organisations that are taking a pro-active and strong stance against this threat in the electronics sector
2.4 Opportunities for Brand Protection Solutions – Electronic Components
3. BATTERIES
3.1 Market Overview – Batteries
3.2 Product Related Crime – Batteries
3.2.1 Case Study – Deployment of the ’Kodak Traceless’ System for Anticounterfeiting on Kodak Li-Ion Rechargeable Digital Camera Batteries
3.2.2 Case Study - Counterfeit Nokia rechargeable batteries seized by Customs Officers in Hong Kong
3.2.3 Case Study - Batteries: One of the world’s most consumed items – Significant problems with potentially dangerous, sub-standard counterfeit products
3.3 Brand Protection – Batteries
3.3.1 Case Study – Rechargeable batteries - Original Nokia Battery Labelling Program Latest Step in Fight against Unsafe Counterfeits
3.3.2 Case Study - Security Labels for a Motorola Mobile Telephone Rechargeable Batteries
3.3.3 Case Study – Rechargeable batteries - Sony Ericsson Use Hologram label
3.3.4 Case Study - Rechargeable battery pack from Sony carries an authentication hologram and a covert EAS tag on the clam shell blister pack
3.3.5 Case Study – An Integrated Circuit (IC) Based Cryptographic Battery Authentication Technology from Atmel
3.4 Opportunities for Brand Protection Solutions – Batteries
4. COMPUTER EQUIPMENT, COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES
4.1 Market Overview - Computer equipment, components and accessories
4.1.1 Case Study – Tamper Evident Features and RFID to Deter Pilfering of Carton Contents – Hewlett Packard Desktop Printers
4.2 Product Related Crime - Computer equipment, components and accessories
4.2.1 Case Study - The seizure of £38 million UK pounds worth of counterfeit Cisco electronic equipment has raised concerns over the security of networks
4.3 Brand Protection - Computer equipment, components and accessories
4.3.1 Case Study – Holographic Brand Protection Label - Microsoft Mouse
4.3.2 Case Study - 3Com introduces 3-Dimensional holographic label to 3Com switches to protect partners and end users from non-authentic 3Com switches
4.3.3 Case Study - 3m tamper evident package seal designed to protect PC computer components and to assure that they are genuine
4.3.4 Case Study – Brand Protection Security Label - Sony Vaio PC Laptop
4.4 Opportunities for Brand Protection Solutions - Computer equipment, components and accessories
5. MOBILE TELEPHONES AND ACCESSORIES (EXCL. BATTERIES)
5.1 Market Overview – Mobile Telephones and accessories (excl. Batteries)
5.2 Product Related Crime – Mobile Telephones and accessories (excl. Batteries)
5.2.1 Case Study – Seizures of Mobile telephone accessories at US port in late 2008
5.2.2 Case Study - More than 30% of all mobile telephone handset sales in Uganda are counterfeit
5.2.3 Recent Trends in Counterfeit Mobile Telephone Handsets
5.2.4 Counterfeiting of mobile telephone accessories
5.2.5 Other types of product related crime – Tampering, Warranty abuse, Theft - Mobile telephones and accessories
5.3 Brand Protection – Mobile Telephones and accessories (excl. Batteries)
5.3.1 Case Study – Nokia mobile telephone handset with a brand protection holographic security label
5.3.2 Case Study – Injection moulded battery charger cable with integrated Motorola logo provide some defense against counterfeiting
5.3.3 Case Study - An Integrated packaging solution provides enhanced brand protection – Nokia mobile telephone kit, including handset, rechargeable battery and accessories
5.4 Opportunities for Brand Protection Solutions - Mobile Telephones and accessories (excl. Batteries)
6. OTHER ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT – AN OVERVIEW OF OTHER PRODUCT TYPES AFFECTED BY COUNTERFEITING
6.1 Market Overview - Other Electronic / Electrical Product Types affected by Counterfeiting – An Overview
6.2 Product Related Crime - Other Electronic / Electrical Product Types affected by Counterfeiting – An Overview
6.2.1 Case Study - UL Warns of Potentially Hazardous Counterfeit AC Adaptors
6.2.2 Case Study - Counterfeit Electrical Lighting Products - UL Warns of Potentially Hazardous Fluorescent Portable Lamp
6.2.3 Case Study – Some other examples of Counterfeit Electrical Lighting Products and related connecting cables and switches
6.2.4 Case Study - Counterfeiting of Power Tools
6.2.5 The tip of the iceberg – Counterfeiting in the Electronics sector
7. SECURITY FEATURES AND BRAND PROTECTION SYSTEMS – LABELLING & PACKAGING APPLICATIONS - ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT & COMPONENTS
7.1 How authentication technologies can assist in the fight against product counterfeiting
7.2 Introducing a simple method of validation for customs inspection
7.3 Developing an inspection tool or security feature that assists in identifying suspected or spurious electronic equipment and components
7.4 Providing assurance to end users
7.4.1 Case Study – Retail Packaging with security hologram – D-Link Wireless Router for PC
7.4.2 Case Study – BBC News Story – Warning - Fake ‘Jemella ‘ghd’ Brand Hair Stylers in Britain
7.4.3 Case Study - Schreiner ProSecure have developed a product protection system with Hair Styler Brand Owner Jemella ‘ghd’
7.5 Is it possible to develop a single, global anti-counterfeit device that will be recognised and used in all applications?
7.6 Applying the right strategy and tactics to anti-counterfeiting and anti-tampering initiatives
7.7 Developing a layered approach to product protection
7.7.1 A layered approach to authentication
7.7.2 Case Study – Tamper evident and authentication labels for Intel CPUs
7.8 The importance of being able to prove provenance
7.9 How install a resilient and adaptable system
7.10 How to protect against theft in the supply chain and on the retail shelf
7.11 Marking packaging so that products can carry their own self-validating features
7.12 Adapting paper labels
7.13 Using swing tickets and tags
7.14 Adapting primary packaging and adding tear tapes
7.15 Forensic (invisible) marking methods and compounds for products and components
7.16 Direct Visible Marking methods for Electronics components
7.17 Security labelling (base) materials
7.18 Security packaging (and cap sealing) materials
7.19 Security tags and swing tickets
7.20 Adding security laser engraving
7.21 Specialist security materials for use in the electronics sector
7.22 Brand Protection Features
7.22.1 Special Inks
7.22.2 Embossing, Holograms and foils
7.22.3 Films and overlays (includes polarisers)
7.22.4 ‘Chipless’ tags
7.22.5 Radio frequency (RFID) devices
7.22.6 Digital watermarking (printed encryption) and covert codes carried on-pack
7.22.7 On product marking to aid verification
7.22.8 Ink jet marking
7.22.9 Transfer ribbon marking
7.22.10 Laser encoding – on product and ink activated
7.22.11 Linking serial marking to authentication databases
7.22.12 Using the internet and SMS messaging to provide provenance advice
7.22.13 Product marking with encrypted (2D) bar codes
7.22.14 Surface feature identification
7.22.15 Protecting brands on the world wide web
7.23 Cost and relative security performance measurement
7.24 Summary - Suitability of security technologies for a variety of packaging components
7.25 Opportunities for Manufacturers of Brand Protection Solutions – Electronic Equipment and Components
Appendix I Brand Protection Solutions – A new series of 10 targeted end user sector specific market reports from Vandagraf International
Appendix II Major multi-client report: The International Markets for Brand
Protection Solutions – 2nd Edition (Publication date: January 2008) - A techno-economic market review
About Vandagraf International Limited
Author Profiles
Acknowledgements.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Background
Electronic Components
Batteries
Computer equipment, components and accessories
Mobile Telephones and accessories (excl. Batteries)
Other Electronic Equipment – An Overview of Other Product Types affected by Counterfeiting
Security Features and Brand Protection Systems – Labelling & Packaging Applications - Electronic Equipment & Components
Financial Losses
1. OVERVIEW – ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT & COMPONENTS
1.1 Table Security risks - Product related through the supply chain in Electronics Equipment & Components
1.2 Table Countermeasures – Appropriate to product related crime in Electronics Equipment & Components
1.3 Structural Shifts in the World Electronics Industry have been a Key Driver of Counterfeiting in the Sector
1.3.1 Regional Trends - Electronic parts and components.
1.3.2 OEM global strategies
1.3.3 Counterfeiting is a major problem in the Electronics Sector
1.3.4 Ways that Counterfeiters operate in the Electronics Sector
1.3.5 Geographical Trends in Counterfeiting of Electronics
1.3.6 The dynamics of Chinese counterfeiting operations - Electronic parts and components
1.3.7 Selling Counterfeit Electronic Goods by means of the Internet
1.3.8 The Next 10 Years – Trends in Global Manufacturing – Electronic Equipment and Components
2. ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
2.1 Market Overview – Electronic Components
2.2 Product Related Crime – Electronic Components
2.2.1 Leading problem area for Counterfeit Electronic Components - Low cost, relatively simple ‘generic’ components
2.2.2 Case Study – Counterfeit LM4051 Voltage References
2.2.3 Case Study – Counterfeit Audio Power Transistors
2.2.4 The Nature of IP Violation in the Electronic Components Business
2.2.5 Types of IP Violation and Counterfeiting – Electronic Components
2.2.6 Types of problems arising from IP Violations – Electronic Components
2.2.7 ICs versus PCBs – Vulnerability to Counterfeiting
2.2.8 Case Study – Counterfeit ICs (Integrated Circuits) – Some Recent Findings by Semiconductor Insights (SI)
2.2.9 US Customs and Border Protection service seizures in 2008 and a joint operation with the European Union
2.2.10 Counterfeit Electronics in the United Kingdom – A Summary of the Situation
2.2.11 The US and the EU crack down on counterfeit electronic components
2.3 Brand Protection – Electronic Components
2.3.1 Organisational and Management Steps towards assuring the security of their supply chains for electronic parts and components.
2.3.2 Electronic Components - Product Packaging can help to mitigate overall Risk
2.3.3 Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) versus Integrated Circuits (ICs)
2.3.4 Case Study - Security Labelling Requirements for Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)
2.3.5 Labelling requirements – Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)
2.3.6 RFID chips mounted on PCBs / PCAs – A Solution from Silica / Avnet Inc. that improves visibility in manufacturing and can also provide enhanced brand protection
2.3.7 High performance self-adhesive tapes for assembling components in the electronics industry can incorporate security features - tesa-scribos
2.3.8 Several organisations that are taking a pro-active and strong stance against this threat in the electronics sector
2.4 Opportunities for Brand Protection Solutions – Electronic Components
3. BATTERIES
3.1 Market Overview – Batteries
3.2 Product Related Crime – Batteries
3.2.1 Case Study – Deployment of the ’Kodak Traceless’ System for Anticounterfeiting on Kodak Li-Ion Rechargeable Digital Camera Batteries
3.2.2 Case Study - Counterfeit Nokia rechargeable batteries seized by Customs Officers in Hong Kong
3.2.3 Case Study - Batteries: One of the world’s most consumed items – Significant problems with potentially dangerous, sub-standard counterfeit products
3.3 Brand Protection – Batteries
3.3.1 Case Study – Rechargeable batteries - Original Nokia Battery Labelling Program Latest Step in Fight against Unsafe Counterfeits
3.3.2 Case Study - Security Labels for a Motorola Mobile Telephone Rechargeable Batteries
3.3.3 Case Study – Rechargeable batteries - Sony Ericsson Use Hologram label
3.3.4 Case Study - Rechargeable battery pack from Sony carries an authentication hologram and a covert EAS tag on the clam shell blister pack
3.3.5 Case Study – An Integrated Circuit (IC) Based Cryptographic Battery Authentication Technology from Atmel
3.4 Opportunities for Brand Protection Solutions – Batteries
4. COMPUTER EQUIPMENT, COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES
4.1 Market Overview - Computer equipment, components and accessories
4.1.1 Case Study – Tamper Evident Features and RFID to Deter Pilfering of Carton Contents – Hewlett Packard Desktop Printers
4.2 Product Related Crime - Computer equipment, components and accessories
4.2.1 Case Study - The seizure of £38 million UK pounds worth of counterfeit Cisco electronic equipment has raised concerns over the security of networks
4.3 Brand Protection - Computer equipment, components and accessories
4.3.1 Case Study – Holographic Brand Protection Label - Microsoft Mouse
4.3.2 Case Study - 3Com introduces 3-Dimensional holographic label to 3Com switches to protect partners and end users from non-authentic 3Com switches
4.3.3 Case Study - 3m tamper evident package seal designed to protect PC computer components and to assure that they are genuine
4.3.4 Case Study – Brand Protection Security Label - Sony Vaio PC Laptop
4.4 Opportunities for Brand Protection Solutions - Computer equipment, components and accessories
5. MOBILE TELEPHONES AND ACCESSORIES (EXCL. BATTERIES)
5.1 Market Overview – Mobile Telephones and accessories (excl. Batteries)
5.2 Product Related Crime – Mobile Telephones and accessories (excl. Batteries)
5.2.1 Case Study – Seizures of Mobile telephone accessories at US port in late 2008
5.2.2 Case Study - More than 30% of all mobile telephone handset sales in Uganda are counterfeit
5.2.3 Recent Trends in Counterfeit Mobile Telephone Handsets
5.2.4 Counterfeiting of mobile telephone accessories
5.2.5 Other types of product related crime – Tampering, Warranty abuse, Theft - Mobile telephones and accessories
5.3 Brand Protection – Mobile Telephones and accessories (excl. Batteries)
5.3.1 Case Study – Nokia mobile telephone handset with a brand protection holographic security label
5.3.2 Case Study – Injection moulded battery charger cable with integrated Motorola logo provide some defense against counterfeiting
5.3.3 Case Study - An Integrated packaging solution provides enhanced brand protection – Nokia mobile telephone kit, including handset, rechargeable battery and accessories
5.4 Opportunities for Brand Protection Solutions - Mobile Telephones and accessories (excl. Batteries)
6. OTHER ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT – AN OVERVIEW OF OTHER PRODUCT TYPES AFFECTED BY COUNTERFEITING
6.1 Market Overview - Other Electronic / Electrical Product Types affected by Counterfeiting – An Overview
6.2 Product Related Crime - Other Electronic / Electrical Product Types affected by Counterfeiting – An Overview
6.2.1 Case Study - UL Warns of Potentially Hazardous Counterfeit AC Adaptors
6.2.2 Case Study - Counterfeit Electrical Lighting Products - UL Warns of Potentially Hazardous Fluorescent Portable Lamp
6.2.3 Case Study – Some other examples of Counterfeit Electrical Lighting Products and related connecting cables and switches
6.2.4 Case Study - Counterfeiting of Power Tools
6.2.5 The tip of the iceberg – Counterfeiting in the Electronics sector
7. SECURITY FEATURES AND BRAND PROTECTION SYSTEMS – LABELLING & PACKAGING APPLICATIONS - ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT & COMPONENTS
7.1 How authentication technologies can assist in the fight against product counterfeiting
7.2 Introducing a simple method of validation for customs inspection
7.3 Developing an inspection tool or security feature that assists in identifying suspected or spurious electronic equipment and components
7.4 Providing assurance to end users
7.4.1 Case Study – Retail Packaging with security hologram – D-Link Wireless Router for PC
7.4.2 Case Study – BBC News Story – Warning - Fake ‘Jemella ‘ghd’ Brand Hair Stylers in Britain
7.4.3 Case Study - Schreiner ProSecure have developed a product protection system with Hair Styler Brand Owner Jemella ‘ghd’
7.5 Is it possible to develop a single, global anti-counterfeit device that will be recognised and used in all applications?
7.6 Applying the right strategy and tactics to anti-counterfeiting and anti-tampering initiatives
7.7 Developing a layered approach to product protection
7.7.1 A layered approach to authentication
7.7.2 Case Study – Tamper evident and authentication labels for Intel CPUs
7.8 The importance of being able to prove provenance
7.9 How install a resilient and adaptable system
7.10 How to protect against theft in the supply chain and on the retail shelf
7.11 Marking packaging so that products can carry their own self-validating features
7.12 Adapting paper labels
7.13 Using swing tickets and tags
7.14 Adapting primary packaging and adding tear tapes
7.15 Forensic (invisible) marking methods and compounds for products and components
7.16 Direct Visible Marking methods for Electronics components
7.17 Security labelling (base) materials
7.18 Security packaging (and cap sealing) materials
7.19 Security tags and swing tickets
7.20 Adding security laser engraving
7.21 Specialist security materials for use in the electronics sector
7.22 Brand Protection Features
7.22.1 Special Inks
7.22.2 Embossing, Holograms and foils
7.22.3 Films and overlays (includes polarisers)
7.22.4 ‘Chipless’ tags
7.22.5 Radio frequency (RFID) devices
7.22.6 Digital watermarking (printed encryption) and covert codes carried on-pack
7.22.7 On product marking to aid verification
7.22.8 Ink jet marking
7.22.9 Transfer ribbon marking
7.22.10 Laser encoding – on product and ink activated
7.22.11 Linking serial marking to authentication databases
7.22.12 Using the internet and SMS messaging to provide provenance advice
7.22.13 Product marking with encrypted (2D) bar codes
7.22.14 Surface feature identification
7.22.15 Protecting brands on the world wide web
7.23 Cost and relative security performance measurement
7.24 Summary - Suitability of security technologies for a variety of packaging components
7.25 Opportunities for Manufacturers of Brand Protection Solutions – Electronic Equipment and Components
Appendix I Brand Protection Solutions – A new series of 10 targeted end user sector specific market reports from Vandagraf International
Appendix II Major multi-client report: The International Markets for Brand
Protection Solutions – 2nd Edition (Publication date: January 2008) - A techno-economic market review
About Vandagraf International Limited
Author Profiles
Acknowledgements.
