The Asia Pacific Electricity Market Outlook: Country profiles of supply, demand, regulation and infrastructure

China is the world’s second largest consumer of energy, consuming more than 11% of the world’s total electricity consumption. It is second to only to the US in electricity consumption. China has in excess of 792,530 MW of installed electricity generating capacity with new capacity additions on an almost daily basis. Coal is the main source of fuel for electricity production in China, but recently, the demand for natural gas has also increased in the power sector, mainly because of environmental reasons. In the past few years, China’s production and consumption have increased rapidly.

India is presently the sixth largest electricity generating country in the world and accounts for about 4% of the world's total electricity generation. It is also currently ranked sixth in terms of annual electricity consumption, accounting for about 3.5% of the world's total annual electricity consumption.

Japan’s power industry is divided in to ten regions and each region is dominated by one privately owned, integrated power company, each of which acts as a regional monopoly in its own area. The largest of these is the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO). These companies account for more than three quarters of Japan’s electricity capacity and also control the country’s regional transmission and distribution infrastructure. Other players in the electricity market are the Japan Atomic Power Company (JAPC), which operates three nuclear power plants, and the Electric Power Development Company (known as J-Power), which operates 16GW of hydroelectric and thermal power plants.

Key features of this report

Profiles of each country’s electricity infrastructure including electricity networks and their ownership, and generation capacities.

An understanding of Asia Pacific electricity regulation, including local legislation, competitive conditions and market reforms.

Electricity supply data in TeraWattHours as well as production, power imports and exports by country.

Gas demand data by consumer type divided into residential, non-residential and power generation in MegaWatts.

Key findings from this report

1. In China's power market, 50% of generation comes from central government-owned power companies, which include five power generators and two nuclear power generators; 40% comes from local government-owned power companies; and private and foreign independent power producers hold only a 10% market share.

2. Annual electricity generation and consumption in India have increased by about 64% over the past decade, and India's projected rate of increase for electricity consumption—estimated at as much as 8–10% annually through to 2020— is one of the highest in the world.

3. Hong Kong's total installed electricity capacity is around 10,664MW. The country imports its fuels for power generation from China. Coal being the major fuel followed by natural gas.

Contents

The Asia Pacific Electricity Market Outlook

CHAPTER 1 CHINA

Market summary 12
Supply and demand balance 13
Supply overview 14
Demand overview 16
Regulatory structure 18
Infrastructure 19
Generation capacity 19
Electricity networks 20

CHAPTER 2 HONG KONG

Market summary 24
Supply and demand balance 25
Supply overview 26
Demand overview 28
Regulatory structure 30
Infrastructure 32
Generation capacity 32
Electricity networks 33

CHAPTER 3 INDIA

Market summary 36
Supply and demand balance 37
Supply overview 38
Demand overview 40
Regulatory structure 42
Infrastructure 43
Generation capacity 43
Electricity networks 44

CHAPTER 4 JAPAN

Market summary 48
Supply and demand balance 50
Supply overview 51
Demand overview 52
Regulatory structure 54
Mergers and Acquisitions 55
Wholesale Environment 55
Infrastructure 56
Generation capacity 56
Electricity networks 57

CHAPTER 5 NEW SOUTH WALES

Market summary 60
Supply and demand balance 61
Supply overview 62
Demand overview 63
Regulatory structure 65
Infrastructure 66
Generation capacity 66
Electricity networks 67

CHAPTER 6 NEW ZEALAND

Market summary 70
Supply and demand balance 72
Supply overview 73
Demand overview 75
Regulatory structure 77
Infrastructure 78
Generation capacity 78
Electricity networks 79

CHAPTER 7 QUEENSLAND

Market summary 82
Supply and demand balance 84
Supply overview 85
Demand overview 86
Regulatory structure 88
Infrastructure 89
Generation capacity 89
Electricity networks 90

CHAPTER 8 SINGAPORE

Market summary 92
Supply and demand balance 93
Supply overview 94
Demand overview 95
Regulatory structure 97
Infrastructure 99
Electricity networks 100

CHAPTER 9 SOUTH AUSTRALIA

Market summary 102
Supply and demand balance 103
Supply overview 104
Demand overview 105
Regulatory structure 107
Infrastructure 108
Generation capacity 108
Electricity Networks 109

CHAPTER 10 SOUTH KOREA

Market summary 112
Supply and demand balance 113
Supply overview 114
Demand overview 116
Regulatory structure 118
Wholesale Environment 119
Infrastructure 119
Generation capacity 119
Electricity networks 120

CHAPTER 11 TASMANIA

Market summary 124
Supply and demand balance 125
Supply overview 126
Demand overview 127
Regulatory structure 129
Infrastructure 130
Generation capacity 130
Electricity Networks 131

CHAPTER 12 VICTORIA

Market summary 134
Supply and demand balance 136
Supply overview 137
Demand overview 138
Regulatory structure 139
Infrastructure 140
Generation capacity 140
Electricity networks 140

CHAPTER 13 WESTERN AUSTRALIA

Market summary 144
Supply and demand balance 145
Supply overview 146
Demand overview 147
Regulatory structure 149
Infrastructure 150
Generation capacity 150
Electricity Networks 151
Appendix 152
Definitions 152

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1: China, power production by fuel input (%), 2008 15
Figure 1.2: China, power production by fuel input (TWh), 1990-2008e 16
Figure 1.3: China, power sectional consumption (%), 2008 17
Figure 1.4: China, power historic and forecast consumption (TWh), 1990-2020 18
Figure 1.5: China, power production capacity (MW), 2008e 20
Figure 2.6: Hong Kong, power production by fuel input (%), 2008e 27
Figure 2.7: Hong Kong, power production by fuel input (TWh), 1990-2008e 28
Figure 2.8: Hong Kong, power sectional consumption (%), 2008e 29
Figure 2.9: Hong Kong, power consumption historic and forecast (TWh), 1990-2020 30
Figure 2.10: Hong Kong, power production capacity (MW), 2008e 33
Figure 3.11: India, power production by fuel input (%), 2008 39
Figure 3.12: India, power production by fuel input (TWh), 1990-2008e 40
Figure 3.13: India, power sectoral consumption (%), 2008e 41
Figure 3.14: India, power consumption historic and forecast (TWh), 1990-2020 42
Figure 3.15: India, power production capacity (MW), 2008e 44
Figure 4.16: Japan, power production by fuel input (%), 2008e 51
Figure 4.17: Japan, power production by fuel input (TWh), 1990-2008e 52
Figure 4.18: Japan, power sectoral consumption (%), 2008e 53
Figure 4.19: Japan, power consumption historic and forecast (TWh), 1990-2020 54
Figure 4.20: Japan, power production capacity (MW), 2008e 57
Figure 5.21: Australia, power production by fuel input (%), 2008 63
Figure 5.22: Australia, power sectoral consumption (%), 2008 64
Figure 5.23: Australia, power consumption historic and forecast (TWh), 2006-2020 65
Figure 6.24: New Zealand, power production by fuel input (%), 2008 74
Figure 6.25: New Zealand, power production by fuel input (TWh), 1990-2008e 75
Figure 6.26: New Zealand, power sectoral consumption (%), 2008 76
Figure 6.27: New Zealand, power consumption historic and forecast (TWh), 1990-2020 77
Figure 7.28: Australia, power production by fuel input (%), 2008e 86
Figure 7.29: Australia, power sectoral consumption (%), 2008e 87
Figure 7.30: Queensland, power consumption historic and forecast (TWh), 2006-2020 88
Figure 8.31: Singapore, power production by fuel input (%), 2008 95
Figure 8.32: Singapore, power sectoral consumption (%), 2008 96
Figure 8.33: Singapore, power consumption historic and forecast (TWh), 1990-2020 97
Figure 8.34: Singapore, power production capacity (%), 2008 100
Figure 9.35: Australia, power production by fuel input (%), 2008 105
Figure 9.36: Australia, power sectoral consumption (%), 2008 106
Figure 9.37: South Australia, power consumption historic and forecast (TWh), 2006-2020 107
Figure 10.38: South Korea, power production by fuel input (%), 2008 115
Figure 10.39: South Korea, power production by fuel input (TWh), 1990-2008e 116
Figure 10.40: South Korea, power sectoral consumption (%), 2008e 117
Figure 10.41: South Korea, power consumption historic and forecast (TWh), 1990-2020 118
Figure 10.42: South Korea, power production capacity (MW), 2008e 120
Figure 11.43: Australia, power production by fuel input (%), 2008 127
Figure 11.44: Australia, power sectoral consumption (%), 2008e 128
Figure 11.45: Tasmania, power consumption historic and forecast (TWh), 2006-2020 129
Figure 12.46: Australia, power production by fuel input (%), 2008 137
Figure 12.47: Australia, power sectoral consumption (%), 2008e 138
Figure 12.48: Victoria, power consumption historic and forecast (TWh), 2006-2020 139
Figure 13.49: Australia, power production by fuel input (%), 2008 147
Figure 13.50: Australia, power sectoral consumption (%), 2008e 148
Figure 13.51: Western Australia, power consumption historic and forecast (TWh), 2006-2020 149

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1: China, power supply and demand balance (TWh), 2007-2008e 13
Table 2.2: Hong Kong, power supply and demand balance (TWh), 2007-2008e 25
Table 3.3: India, power supply and demand balance (TWh), 2007-2008e 37
Table 4.4: Japan, power supply and demand balance (TWh), 2007-2008e 50
Table 5.5: Australia, power supply and demand balance (TWh), 2007-2008e 61
Table 6.6: New Zealand, power supply and demand balance (TWh), 2007-2008 72
Table 7.7: Australia, power supply and demand balance (TWh), 2007-2008 84
Table 8.8: Singapore, power supply and demand balance (TWh), 2007-2008e 93
Table 9.9: Australia, power supply and demand balance (TWh), 2007-2008e 103
Table 10.10: South Korea, power supply and demand balance (TWh), 2007-2008 113
Table 11.11: Australia, power supply and demand balance (TWh), 2007-2008 125
Table 12.12: Australia, power supply and demand balance (TWh), 2007-2008 136
Table 13.13: Australia, power supply and demand balance (TWh), 2007-2008 145

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