Analyzing Transportation Fuel Cells 2016
The advent of gasoline-based transportation and the rapid progression of an industry across the globe which has kept on coming up with thousands of models and vehicle variants but not serious looked at an alternative fuel till yet has brought about industry wide concern and the realignment of time and resources to achieving the objective of a cleaner efficient and environmentally compliant fuel. All in order that the sustenance of the transport industry can be ensured as well as justified with building public concern.
The demographics of the transport industry can be seen as about 75% of the total fuel consumption is used to fuel highway vehicles, such as cars, trucks, and buses. In addition, highway vehicles are responsible for over 60% of the carbon monoxide emissions and about 20% of greenhouse gas emissions. These figures combined with recent environmental upsurges in the decades have led to the hunt for a fuel source in vehicles which will achieve multiple objectives of: reducing dependency on imported fuel thereby improving national energy security as well as reduce harmful emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases.
As is often quoted “Necessity is the mother of all Inventions”, fuel cells have met both the standards of urgent necessity as well as ground breaking invention in this scenario. Many types of Fuel Cell driven prototypes have been unveiled in the past few years wherein Chicago and Vancouver have led the way in introducing Fuel Cells in public transportation as well with trials on buses, trains etc.; these initiatives have inspired other cities in North America and Europe to test options of such vehicles in the near future.
The coming decades will see realization of depletion fossil fuel reserves and growing awareness of long term environmental damages caused by incessant usage of such fuels; this will in turn lead the development focus of fuel cells for transport as well as stationary power applications.
However, the rosy picture also presents challenges that should be cleared by every technology before commercialization. Challenges such as cost competitiveness, infrastructure feasibility, power density, efficiency, mileage, cost reduction, component integration, complexity reduction, and increasing safety are the factors which will need to be met in the future to boost the market for fuel cells.
Aruvian Research’s report – Analyzing Transportation Fuel Cells - focuses on the development, feasibility and overall success rate for the introduction of fuel cells as the primary power source in the transportation industry wherein it presents the right credentials to become the fuel of the future and gradually substitute the usage of gasoline in the transportation industry.
The report presents a historical perspective on the identification of transportation as a societal necessity with developing economies and some of the early efforts on fuel cell technology development. These studies have been tabulated in the report to present a perspective on the current as well as extended applications in the transport industry which the fuel cells present in the future.
The reasons or the “need factors” which are driving the demand for the development of fuel cell technologies legislative or resource depletion projections, along with the constraints to the widespread usage of fuel cells as noticed currently are also explained in this report.
The report then delves in detail into the basics of a fuel cell, its basic components and the various fuel cell designs as are being put to test and implementation by various industry participants. The inter technology competition offered to Fuel Cell Technologies along with comparative analysis of FCT with other conventional technologies and the key technical challenges that the technology is facing are examined in this report in detail.
The report also categorizes the transport applications of Fuel Cells along with the economic parameters of Fuel Cell Technology being applied in commercial perspective backed by the government’s role to support this technology through investment and legislation.
Aruvian’s report presents a present and future outlook on the penetration of the Fuel Cells by application in industry usage and a profiling of the major fuel cell developers globally. We analyze 15 fuel cell developers that are active in the market for transportation fuel cells. Furthermore, the report also profiles over 60 fuel cell vehicles that have been made in the last decade. Apart from this, we also include profiles of the major automobile companies that are involved in manufacturing vehicles with fuel cells.
The report provides a complete and comprehensive position of the Fuel Cell Technology and whether it can prove its credentials to the transportation industry to bring about widespread and far reaching changes to the environmental map of the world.
The demographics of the transport industry can be seen as about 75% of the total fuel consumption is used to fuel highway vehicles, such as cars, trucks, and buses. In addition, highway vehicles are responsible for over 60% of the carbon monoxide emissions and about 20% of greenhouse gas emissions. These figures combined with recent environmental upsurges in the decades have led to the hunt for a fuel source in vehicles which will achieve multiple objectives of: reducing dependency on imported fuel thereby improving national energy security as well as reduce harmful emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases.
As is often quoted “Necessity is the mother of all Inventions”, fuel cells have met both the standards of urgent necessity as well as ground breaking invention in this scenario. Many types of Fuel Cell driven prototypes have been unveiled in the past few years wherein Chicago and Vancouver have led the way in introducing Fuel Cells in public transportation as well with trials on buses, trains etc.; these initiatives have inspired other cities in North America and Europe to test options of such vehicles in the near future.
The coming decades will see realization of depletion fossil fuel reserves and growing awareness of long term environmental damages caused by incessant usage of such fuels; this will in turn lead the development focus of fuel cells for transport as well as stationary power applications.
However, the rosy picture also presents challenges that should be cleared by every technology before commercialization. Challenges such as cost competitiveness, infrastructure feasibility, power density, efficiency, mileage, cost reduction, component integration, complexity reduction, and increasing safety are the factors which will need to be met in the future to boost the market for fuel cells.
Aruvian Research’s report – Analyzing Transportation Fuel Cells - focuses on the development, feasibility and overall success rate for the introduction of fuel cells as the primary power source in the transportation industry wherein it presents the right credentials to become the fuel of the future and gradually substitute the usage of gasoline in the transportation industry.
The report presents a historical perspective on the identification of transportation as a societal necessity with developing economies and some of the early efforts on fuel cell technology development. These studies have been tabulated in the report to present a perspective on the current as well as extended applications in the transport industry which the fuel cells present in the future.
The reasons or the “need factors” which are driving the demand for the development of fuel cell technologies legislative or resource depletion projections, along with the constraints to the widespread usage of fuel cells as noticed currently are also explained in this report.
The report then delves in detail into the basics of a fuel cell, its basic components and the various fuel cell designs as are being put to test and implementation by various industry participants. The inter technology competition offered to Fuel Cell Technologies along with comparative analysis of FCT with other conventional technologies and the key technical challenges that the technology is facing are examined in this report in detail.
The report also categorizes the transport applications of Fuel Cells along with the economic parameters of Fuel Cell Technology being applied in commercial perspective backed by the government’s role to support this technology through investment and legislation.
Aruvian’s report presents a present and future outlook on the penetration of the Fuel Cells by application in industry usage and a profiling of the major fuel cell developers globally. We analyze 15 fuel cell developers that are active in the market for transportation fuel cells. Furthermore, the report also profiles over 60 fuel cell vehicles that have been made in the last decade. Apart from this, we also include profiles of the major automobile companies that are involved in manufacturing vehicles with fuel cells.
The report provides a complete and comprehensive position of the Fuel Cell Technology and whether it can prove its credentials to the transportation industry to bring about widespread and far reaching changes to the environmental map of the world.
A. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
B. INTRODUCTION
B.1 Transportation - Historical Perspective
B.2 Development of Fuel Cells - Early Efforts
B.3 Transportation Fuel Cells - Growth Phase
B.4 Fuel Cells - Extended Future Applications
C. FUEL CELL DEVELOPMENT INITIATORS
C.1 Greenhouse Effect
C.2 Legislative Focus on Quality of Air
C.3 Diminution of Fossil Fuels
C.4 Economic Impacts of International Disturbances
C.5 Customer Adoption and Preferences
C.6 Expiry of MTBE - Gasoline Linkages
C.7 Reverse Integration – V2G Power
D. CONSTRAINTS TO WIDESPREAD FUEL CELL USAGE
D.1 Cost
D.2 Vehicle Range Capacity Limitation
D.3 Well to Vehicle Efficiency Parameters
D.4 Physical Limitation of Fueling Infrastructure
D.5 Absence of Wide Ranging Standards
D.6 Safety
E. TECHNICAL BASIS OF FUEL CELLS
E.1 Fuel Cell Basics
E.2 Basic Components of Fuel Cells
E.3 Fuel Cell Designs
E.4 Current Technology Progression - Competing with the Combustion Engine
E.5 Major Technical Roadblocks
E.6 Cannibalistic Technological Competition
E.6.1 Electric (Plug-In and Hybrid)
E.6.2 Natural Gas
E.6.3 Propane
E.6.4 Ethanol
E.6.5 Methanol
E.6.6 Diesel
E.7 How Fuel Cell Fares to Competing Technological Comparison
F. CATEGORICAL TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS OF FUELS CELLS
F.1 Aerospace
F.2 Light-Duty
F.3 Medium- and Heavy-Duty
F.4 Military
F.5 Other
F.6 Rail
G. ECONOMIC PARAMETERS OF FUEL CELLS
G.1 System Application Costs - Fuel Cells
G.2 ICE Costs vs. Fuel Cells Costs
G.3 Refueling Costs
G.4 Well-to-Wheel Cost Comparison
G.5 Incentivization and Investment to Support Role of the Government
H. MARKET POTENTIAL
H.1 Present Day Market Penetration by Application
H.2 Market Potential Forecast by Application
I. MAJOR FUEL CELL VEHICLES
I.1 A300L
I.2 Audi A2H2-Hybrid Vehicle
I.3 Audi Q5-FCEV
I.4 Black Cab Fuel Cell
I.5 BMW 1 Series Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric
I.6 BMW 5-Series Grand Turismo Fuel Cell Prototype
I.7 BMW_i8 Fuel Cell Prototype
I.8 Chevrolet Equinox Fuel Cell
I.9 Chrysler Natrium Hybrid Vehicle
I.10 F-250 Super Chief
I.11 FAW Besturn B70 FCV
I.12 Fiat Panda Hydrogen Fuel Cell
I.13 Fiat Panda HyTRAN
I.14 Fiat Phyllis Fuel Cell
I.15 Ford Focus FCV
I.16 GM HyWire Fuel Cell
I.17 GM Sequel Hybrid Vehicle
I.18 H2Origin Fuel Cell
I.19 Honda FCX Clarity
I.20 Honda FCX Hybrid Vehicle
I.21 HydroGen3 Fuel Cell
I.22 HydroGen4
I.23 Hyundai ix35 FCEV
I.24 Hyundai Santa Fe FCEV
I.25 Hyundai Tucson FCEV
I.26 Kia Borrego FCEV Fuel Cell
I.27 Mazda 5 Hydrogen RE Hybrid
I.28 Mazda MX-5 Miata Hydrogen Wankel Rotary
I.29 Mazda RX-8 Hydrogen RE
I.30 Mercedes-Benz Citaro Fuel Cell Bus
I.31 Mercedes-Benz F600 Hygenius
I.32 Mercedes-Benz F-CELL Roadster
I.33 Mercedes-Benz NECAR 1 to NECAR
I.34 Mitsubishi FCV
I.35 Morgan LIFEcar - Hybrid Vehicle Concept Car
I.36 New Flyer H40LFR
I.37 Nissan X-Trail FCHV
I.38 Peugeot Quark
I.39 Premacy Hydrogen RE Hybrid
I.40 Riversimple Urban Car
I.41 Roewe 750 Sedan FC
I.42 Roewe 950 Fuel Cell
I.43 Ronn Motor Scorpion
I.44 Suzuki MR Wagon-FCV
I.45 Suzuki SX4-FCV
I.46 Toyota FCHV-BUS
I.47 Toyota FCHV-hybrid vehicle
I.48 Toyota FCV (concept car)
I.49 Toyota Fine-N (Concept Car)
I.50 Toyota Fine-S-concept car
I.51 Toyota Fine-T (concept Car)
I.52 Toyota Fine-X (Concept Car)
I.53 Toyota Mirai
I.54 VDL: Phileas
I.55 VW Bora Hy
I.56 VW Bora Hy-Motion
I.57 VW Golf Hymotion
I.58 VW Passat Lingyu Hymotion
I.59 VW Space Up! Blue
I.60 VW Touran Hy Motion
I.61 Wrightbus: Wright Pulsar
I.62 Z-SHINE FCV
J. MAJOR FUEL CELLS DEVELOPERS
J.1 AlliedSignal
J.2 Astris Energi
J.3 Ballard Power Systems
J.4 Beijing Fuyuan Century Fuel Cell Power Ltd (FCFCP)
J.5 Cellex Power
J.6 Energy Partners, Inc.
J.7 Energy Research Corp.
J.8 H Power, Inc.
J.9 H2 Partners
J.10 Horizon Fuel Cell Technologies
J.11 Hydrogenics
J.12 Intelligent Energy
J.13 Mechanical Technology
J.14 Nuvera Fuel Cells
J.15 Plug Power
K. AUTOMOTIVE COMPANIES INVOLVED IN THE INDUSTRY
K.1 Adam Opel AG
K.2 Audi AG
K.3 BMW
K.4 Changan Automobile
K.5 Daimler AG
K.6 FAW Automotive
K.7 Fiat Automobiles
K.8 Ford Motor Company
K.9 General Motors
K.10 Honda Motor Company
K.11 Hyundai Motor Company
K.12 Kia Motors Corporation
K.13 Mazda Motor Corporation
K.14 Mitsubishi Motors Corporation
K.15 Nissan Motor Company
K.16 Peugeot
K.17 SAIC Motor
K.18 Suzuki Motor Corporation
K.19 Toyota Motor Corporation
K.20 Volkswagen
K. APPENDIX
L. GLOSSARY OF TERMS
B. INTRODUCTION
B.1 Transportation - Historical Perspective
B.2 Development of Fuel Cells - Early Efforts
B.3 Transportation Fuel Cells - Growth Phase
B.4 Fuel Cells - Extended Future Applications
C. FUEL CELL DEVELOPMENT INITIATORS
C.1 Greenhouse Effect
C.2 Legislative Focus on Quality of Air
C.3 Diminution of Fossil Fuels
C.4 Economic Impacts of International Disturbances
C.5 Customer Adoption and Preferences
C.6 Expiry of MTBE - Gasoline Linkages
C.7 Reverse Integration – V2G Power
D. CONSTRAINTS TO WIDESPREAD FUEL CELL USAGE
D.1 Cost
D.2 Vehicle Range Capacity Limitation
D.3 Well to Vehicle Efficiency Parameters
D.4 Physical Limitation of Fueling Infrastructure
D.5 Absence of Wide Ranging Standards
D.6 Safety
E. TECHNICAL BASIS OF FUEL CELLS
E.1 Fuel Cell Basics
E.2 Basic Components of Fuel Cells
E.3 Fuel Cell Designs
E.4 Current Technology Progression - Competing with the Combustion Engine
E.5 Major Technical Roadblocks
E.6 Cannibalistic Technological Competition
E.6.1 Electric (Plug-In and Hybrid)
E.6.2 Natural Gas
E.6.3 Propane
E.6.4 Ethanol
E.6.5 Methanol
E.6.6 Diesel
E.7 How Fuel Cell Fares to Competing Technological Comparison
F. CATEGORICAL TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS OF FUELS CELLS
F.1 Aerospace
F.2 Light-Duty
F.3 Medium- and Heavy-Duty
F.4 Military
F.5 Other
F.6 Rail
G. ECONOMIC PARAMETERS OF FUEL CELLS
G.1 System Application Costs - Fuel Cells
G.2 ICE Costs vs. Fuel Cells Costs
G.3 Refueling Costs
G.4 Well-to-Wheel Cost Comparison
G.5 Incentivization and Investment to Support Role of the Government
H. MARKET POTENTIAL
H.1 Present Day Market Penetration by Application
H.2 Market Potential Forecast by Application
I. MAJOR FUEL CELL VEHICLES
I.1 A300L
I.2 Audi A2H2-Hybrid Vehicle
I.3 Audi Q5-FCEV
I.4 Black Cab Fuel Cell
I.5 BMW 1 Series Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric
I.6 BMW 5-Series Grand Turismo Fuel Cell Prototype
I.7 BMW_i8 Fuel Cell Prototype
I.8 Chevrolet Equinox Fuel Cell
I.9 Chrysler Natrium Hybrid Vehicle
I.10 F-250 Super Chief
I.11 FAW Besturn B70 FCV
I.12 Fiat Panda Hydrogen Fuel Cell
I.13 Fiat Panda HyTRAN
I.14 Fiat Phyllis Fuel Cell
I.15 Ford Focus FCV
I.16 GM HyWire Fuel Cell
I.17 GM Sequel Hybrid Vehicle
I.18 H2Origin Fuel Cell
I.19 Honda FCX Clarity
I.20 Honda FCX Hybrid Vehicle
I.21 HydroGen3 Fuel Cell
I.22 HydroGen4
I.23 Hyundai ix35 FCEV
I.24 Hyundai Santa Fe FCEV
I.25 Hyundai Tucson FCEV
I.26 Kia Borrego FCEV Fuel Cell
I.27 Mazda 5 Hydrogen RE Hybrid
I.28 Mazda MX-5 Miata Hydrogen Wankel Rotary
I.29 Mazda RX-8 Hydrogen RE
I.30 Mercedes-Benz Citaro Fuel Cell Bus
I.31 Mercedes-Benz F600 Hygenius
I.32 Mercedes-Benz F-CELL Roadster
I.33 Mercedes-Benz NECAR 1 to NECAR
I.34 Mitsubishi FCV
I.35 Morgan LIFEcar - Hybrid Vehicle Concept Car
I.36 New Flyer H40LFR
I.37 Nissan X-Trail FCHV
I.38 Peugeot Quark
I.39 Premacy Hydrogen RE Hybrid
I.40 Riversimple Urban Car
I.41 Roewe 750 Sedan FC
I.42 Roewe 950 Fuel Cell
I.43 Ronn Motor Scorpion
I.44 Suzuki MR Wagon-FCV
I.45 Suzuki SX4-FCV
I.46 Toyota FCHV-BUS
I.47 Toyota FCHV-hybrid vehicle
I.48 Toyota FCV (concept car)
I.49 Toyota Fine-N (Concept Car)
I.50 Toyota Fine-S-concept car
I.51 Toyota Fine-T (concept Car)
I.52 Toyota Fine-X (Concept Car)
I.53 Toyota Mirai
I.54 VDL: Phileas
I.55 VW Bora Hy
I.56 VW Bora Hy-Motion
I.57 VW Golf Hymotion
I.58 VW Passat Lingyu Hymotion
I.59 VW Space Up! Blue
I.60 VW Touran Hy Motion
I.61 Wrightbus: Wright Pulsar
I.62 Z-SHINE FCV
J. MAJOR FUEL CELLS DEVELOPERS
J.1 AlliedSignal
J.2 Astris Energi
J.3 Ballard Power Systems
J.4 Beijing Fuyuan Century Fuel Cell Power Ltd (FCFCP)
J.5 Cellex Power
J.6 Energy Partners, Inc.
J.7 Energy Research Corp.
J.8 H Power, Inc.
J.9 H2 Partners
J.10 Horizon Fuel Cell Technologies
J.11 Hydrogenics
J.12 Intelligent Energy
J.13 Mechanical Technology
J.14 Nuvera Fuel Cells
J.15 Plug Power
K. AUTOMOTIVE COMPANIES INVOLVED IN THE INDUSTRY
K.1 Adam Opel AG
K.2 Audi AG
K.3 BMW
K.4 Changan Automobile
K.5 Daimler AG
K.6 FAW Automotive
K.7 Fiat Automobiles
K.8 Ford Motor Company
K.9 General Motors
K.10 Honda Motor Company
K.11 Hyundai Motor Company
K.12 Kia Motors Corporation
K.13 Mazda Motor Corporation
K.14 Mitsubishi Motors Corporation
K.15 Nissan Motor Company
K.16 Peugeot
K.17 SAIC Motor
K.18 Suzuki Motor Corporation
K.19 Toyota Motor Corporation
K.20 Volkswagen
K. APPENDIX
L. GLOSSARY OF TERMS
